Consistency of attack level of coffee berry borer (Hypotenemus hampei Ferr.) on organic and conventional arabica coffee plantation in Aceh Tengah District, Aceh Province, Indonesia

A study has been conducted for 3 consecutive years since 2019 to 2021 to investigate the influence of cultivation system of Arabica coffee against the attack of the coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei Ferr.) in Arabica coffee plantations in Aceh Tengah District, Aceh Province, Indonesia. We observed the attack level of H. hampei on Arabica coffee plants that were cultivated both organically and conventionally. The results showed that for three years observation, in general, the attack level of coffee berry borer (CBB) on organic and conventional coffee plantations was not significantly different. Observations in 2019 showed that the attack level of CBB on organic coffee plantations ranged from 27-34 % and on conventional coffee plantations ranging from 33-49 %. Observations in 2020 showed that the attack rate of CBB on organic and conventional coffee ranged from 20-40 % and 28-41%, respectively, while observations in 2021 were 25-26 % and 27-28 %. The results of these studies indicate that the level of CBB attack on organic coffee plantations is no different from conventional coffee plantations that routinely use synthetic pesticides. This indicates that in organic coffee plantations, natural enemies have played an important role in suppressing the development of CBB populations. Although the use of synthetic pesticides in conventional coffee plantations can suppress pest populations, it is suspected that these pesticides also play a role in reducing the population of natural enemies of pests. Therefore, organic coffee cultivation is much more profitable, especially it can reduce the cost of buying synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, besides ensuring the safety of coffee farmers, workers, and consumers from harmful chemical contamination from pesticides.

The factors affecting Arabica coffee farmers behaviour in Aceh Tengah Regency

Arabica coffee is one of the leading export commodities that have high economic value. The study aims to describe the financial behaviour of arabica coffee farmers and to find out what factors influence the financial behaviour of arabica coffee farmers in Aceh Tengah Regency. The sample in this study was 147 samples taken by simple random sampling. This study uses descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regression. The results of descriptive statistics show that the financial behaviour of arabica coffee farmers in Aceh Tengah Regency is good enough, with a percentage of 57%. This condition is not optimal in managing their finances because of the 9 statements used to measure financial behaviour, only 5 statements have been fulfilled. The results of the ordinal logistic regression have a significant effect at the 5% level (< 0.05), namely the variable financial knowledge in the low category (X1)1 0.0034, financial attitude in the fairly good category (X3)2 0.006, an elementary school education (X4)1, 0.012 junior high schools (X4)3 0.011 and high school (X4)4 0.002 on financial behaviour and income variable (X2) > 0.05, so it does not significantly affect the financial behaviour of arabica coffee farmers in Aceh Tengah Regency.

Genotypic and phenotypic correlations among coffee leaf rust symptoms of Arabica coffee genotypes in North Sumatra. Indonesia

Coffee leaf rust (CLR) is a pandemic and a serious threat for coffee sustainability in many coffee producing countries. To overcome this CLR, the world’s consensus is to use of resistant cultivars which can be created through coffee breeding program. This research aimed to study genotypic and phenotypic correlations between CLR symptoms of seven arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) genotypes that were selected from different districts of North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. This experimental research using a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the experimental garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas HKBP Nommensen in Medan. The result of this study indicate that leaf rust severity (LRS) had a genotypic component variance of 86.8% which indicated that LRS was controlled more dominantly by plant genetics than other unknown factors. Severity indicated by LRS showed no genotypic and phenotypic correlation with dispersal indicated by branch rust incidence (BRI) and leaf rust incidence (LRI). BRI genotypically correlated with LRI. The results of this study could contribute to resistance coffee breeding for CLR.

Analysis of distribution risk in Arabica coffee supply chain during pandemic in Aceh Tengah District

Coffee is a plantation commodity that has the opportunity to be developed so as to increase state income. This study aims to determine how the risk of distribution in the Arabica coffee supply chain during the COVID-19 pandemic and to determine the most influential risk in the distribution of the Arabica coffee supply chain during the COVID-19 pandemic in Aceh Tengah District. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. This study uses descriptive analysis and ordinal logistic regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that the distribution risk of the Arabica coffee supply chain at the farm level is classified as high risk with a percentage of 87.2%, the distribution risk of the Arabica coffee supply chain at the collector level is in the medium category risk with a percentage of 45.5% and distribution risk Cooperatives began to occur due to the COVID-19 pandemic. From the interpretation results, it is stated that the risk of distribution risk in the Arabica coffee supply chain is the riskiest risk of loss of 0.069 times, then the variable risk of goods being exchanged is 0.036 times and the variable risk of delay is 0.004 times.

The nutrient content of N, P, K in Andisols and Arabica coffee leaves in Bener Meriah Regency, Indonesia

Bener Meriah Regency is one of the arabica coffee areas in Indonesia. Generally, most of arabica coffees are grown in Andisols. This research aims to determine the nutrient content of N, P, K in andisols and arabica coffee leaves in the Bener Meriah regency. Data were collected from a 10-year-old arabica coffee tree planted on Andisols located at an altitude of 1200-1400 m above mean sea level and divided in five classes with different slopes, using the survey method and analysed descriptively. The results showed that andisols Bener Meriah had a total N content ranging from 0.09-0.51%. The P-available ranged from 0.3-12.81 mg.kg-1 and P-total content of 159.4-1246.7 mg.kg-1. The K-exchangeable content ranged from 0.17-0.52 cmol kg-1. Arabica coffee leaves contain N ranging from 0.85%-3.00%. The P content ranged from 0.10%-0.23%. Meanwhile, the K content ranged from 1.55%-2.33%. Furthermore, there is a close relationship between soil N-total and the N-nutrient of coffee leaves, soil P-available and P-nutrient of coffee leaves, and soil K-exchangeable and K nutrient contents of coffee leaves with r values of 0.78, 0.97, and 0.68 respectively.

Identification of antioxidant components of Gayo Arabica Coffee Cascara using the GC-MS method

Approximately half of the coffee will become by-product in coffee processing. This by-product needs a special focus because of its content can be pollutant for nature. One of the coffee by product that underutilized is cascara, composed by pulp and husk. The major by-product of dry process is husk whereas pulp is the major by-product from wet process. Nowadays, there are various ways to utilize coffee by-product. Previous studies have shown that coffee has a potent antioxidant activity which can be a solution in dermatology problem. This research aims to identify the antioxidant component of coffee arabica husk and pulp of Gayo, Aceh Tengah, Aceh using GC-MS method. One of the compounds that identified in both coffee husk and pulp is caffeine. Caffeine is a potential natural antioxidant and it also has anticellulite effect to skin. The other compounds found in coffee husk and pulp also have benefit in dermatology. We conclude that coffee arabica husk and pulp can be a potential natural source to eradicate dermatologic problem.

Lanskap Agrowisata Kopi Sumedang Sebagai Kolaborasi Peningkatan Perkebunan Rakyat Dan Perlindungan Lahan Danau Sunyayuri

called Kopi Buhun. Buhun Coffee is a type of Arabica coffee which is a single origin "special tea coffee". In developing Buhun coffee, land is needed that can be planted with coffee. This land is not only a coffee plantation but can become a tourist attraction that can educate, increase recreation and protect the environment besides that it can economically increase the income of residents around agrotourism. In general, the land of Lake Sunyayuri, Cimarias Village, Pamulihan District, Sumedang Regency is an area that has the potential to become a tourist spot with an artificial lake, and a panoramic view of the hills surrounding the lake with a beautiful and calming atmosphere. The productivity of Indonesian coffee is still low compared to the potential that can be increased. The need for plantation land, especially coffee, is still lacking. Utilization of abandoned forest areas in areas with coffee potential can still be carried out, including utilizing the Pamulihan Cekdam area. What is the form of the Sumedang Coffee Agrotourism design in utilizing the existing potential into plantation tourism that provides interesting tourist experiences, recreational facilities, and social interaction as well as coffee education for visitors and the community about how to cultivate coffee from nurseries to products that can be enjoyed and provide a source of income for local communities while preserving the environment?

Kajian Kadar Akrilamida dalam Kopi Arabika dengan Variasi Suhu Penyangraian

Acrylamide levels in Arabica coffee at various roasting temperatures have been determined. Coffee beans are roasted at 160°C, 180°C, and 210°C for 8 minutes. Analysis was carried out using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with C-18 reversed-phase, mobile phase using methanol and 0.1% phosphoric acid solution (5:95), flow rate 1 mL/min, UV-Vis detector 198 nm wavelength. Acrylamide levels in Arabica coffee are 160°C of 14.665 ppm, 180°C of 15.973 ppm, and 210°C of 18.501 ppm. Based on the results of the acrylamide content in Arabica coffee, the higher the roasting temperature, the greater the acrylamide content. ANOVA test regarding the normality test sig value of 0.637, 0.463, and 0.637 normally distributed. Based on the homogeneity test, it was found that the variation between groups was the same or homogeneous. The results of the ANOVA test stated that there were differences in the acrylamide levels of Arabica coffee in the roasting temperature difference group and the results of the post hoc Bonferroni test found that the average differences in the roasting temperature of Arabica coffee were significantly different 160°C-180°C and 160°C-210°C.

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Applied to the Detection of Multiple Adulterants in Roasted and Ground Arabica Coffee

Roasted coffee has been the target of increasingly complex adulterations. Sensitive, non-destructive, rapid and multicomponent techniques for their detection are sought after. This work proposes the detection of several common adulterants (corn, barley, soybean, rice, coffee husks and robusta coffee) in roasted ground arabica coffee (from different geographic regions), combining near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and chemometrics (Principal Component Analysis—PCA). Adulterated samples were composed of one to six adulterants, ranging from 0.25 to 80% (w/w). The results showed that NIR spectroscopy was able to discriminate pure arabica coffee samples from adulterated ones (for all the concentrations tested), including robusta coffees or coffee husks, and independently of being single or multiple adulterations. The identification of the adulterant in the sample was only feasible for single or double adulterations and in concentrations ≥10%. NIR spectroscopy also showed potential for the geographical discrimination of arabica coffees (South and Central America).