scholarly journals Analyzing Equality of Discretionary Local Expenditures for Education

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
김재훈
Keyword(s):  
Local Expenditures

METHODS FOR CURBING LOCAL EXPENDITURES

1939 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 227-230
Author(s):  
WILLIAM H. HACKETT
Keyword(s):  
Local Expenditures

Comment

1980 ◽  
Vol 2 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 108-109
Author(s):  
Mark Kesselman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Local Autonomy ◽  
Fundamental Change ◽  
Local Expenditures

Acentral ingredient of democracy in the United States, according to Tocqueville, was local autonomy – yet the data presented by Professor Austin suggests a fundamental change in the United States since Tocquevilles time. Most local expenditures are now provided by the federal and state governments, most “local” programs are not local at all, for many (if not most) purposes the local government has become an extension of the federal government, and it is often replaced altogether by federally created field agencies (what the French call deconcentrated administration).

scholarly journals The Black Man's Burden: The Cost of Colonization of French West Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Huillery
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
French West Africa ◽  
West Africans ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Local Expenditures

Was colonization costly for France? Did French taxpayers contribute to colonies’ development? This article reveals that French West Africa's colonization took only 0.29 percent of French annual expenditures, including 0.24 percent for military and central administration and 0.05 percent for French West Africa's development. For West Africans, the contribution from French taxpayers was almost negligible: mainland France provided about 2 percent of French West Africa's revenue. In fact, colonization was a considerable burden for African taxpayers since French civil servants’ salaries absorbed a disproportionate share of local expenditures.

State mandated local expenditures: Are they panacea or plague?

1980 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 435-441
Author(s):  
Marcia Whicker Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Local Expenditures

Assessing the impact Of city manager ideology On local expenditures

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-221
Author(s):  
Carrie Blanchard Bush ◽  
Ellen M. Key ◽  
Robert D. Eskridge
Keyword(s):  
Political Ideology ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
Elected Officials ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
City Manager ◽  
City Managers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Local Expenditures

This research explores the role of political ideology in local policy formation by assessing the impact of the city manager's ideology on local expenditures. While previous studies have identified nuanced and overlapping roles between administration and politics, here we extend those investigations by positing that ideology may influence a manager's role in the policy formation of the budget. Although some conceptualizations of city managers assume them to be largely apolitical in a partisan sense, we find a significant effect of ideology on local expenditures among city managers. This adds to the literature that suggests that city managers may not merely passively implement policies created by elected officials; rather city managers may influence policy in multifaceted ways, thereby driving a need to further investigate individual influences upon policy formation.

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