Application of Linear Absorption Factor of Radiation in Substance for Reconstruction of the Image in a Computer X-Ray Tomograph

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 505-512
Author(s):  
A.N. Volobuev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Factor ◽  
Linear Absorption ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Study the Shielding Properties against Gamma-rays for Epoxy Resin Reinforced by Different materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-710
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Aluminum Powder ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Scintillation Detector ◽  
Buildup Factor ◽  
Absorption Factor ◽  
Linear Absorption ◽  
Increase With Increase ◽  
Lead Powder ◽  
Shielding Properties

In the present work the Buildup factor for gamma rays were studied in shields from epoxy reinforced by lead powder and by aluminum powder, for NaI(Tl) scintillation detector size ( ×? ), using two radioactive sources (Co-60 and Cs-137). The shields which are used (epoxy reinforced by lead powder with concentration (10-60)% and epoxy reinforced by aluminum powder with concentration (10-50)% by thick (6mm) and epoxy reinforced by lead powder with concentration (50%) with thick (2,4,6,8,10)mm. The experimental results show that: The linear absorption factor and Buildup factor increase with increase the concentration for the powders which used in reinforcement and high for aluminum powder than the lead powder and decrease with increase thick the shields. It’s for Cs-137 higher than Co-60 source.

A Study of Copper-Chromium Oxide Catalysts and a Method to Determine Catalytic Activities

1963 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 229-239
Author(s):  
M. Stammler ◽  
M. Pyzyna
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Chromium Oxide ◽  
Oxide Catalysts ◽  
Linear Absorption ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chromium Spinel ◽  
Copper Chromium ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Chromium Oxide Catalysts

AbstractAn extensive investigation of chemical composition, particle size, and surface area of copper-chromium oxide catalysts has been made. The two phases present in the activated material are copper oxide (CuO) and copper-chromium spinel (CuCr2O4). The crystallite size of the CuO phase (determined by X-ray diffraction line broadening) can be correlated with the catalytic activity measured on a CO-CO2 oxidation reaction. The catalytic activity of the oxide catalyst can be expressed as a function of the X-ray fluorescence intensity of the Cu Kα line even on changing the absolute copper concentration up to 3%. An attempt is made to explain this phenomenon by the heterogeneity effect caused by the difference in the linear absorption factors for the Cu Kα radiation in the system CuO-CuCr2O4.

X-ray design constraints forin situelectrochemical cells: importance of window material, electrolyte and X-ray wavelength

1999 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Nahlé ◽  
F. C. Walsh ◽  
C. Brennan ◽  
K. J. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Beam Intensity ◽  
Electrochemical Cells ◽  
Absorption Coefficients ◽  
Linear Absorption ◽  
Design Constraints ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cell Window ◽  
Window Material ◽  
X Ray Absorption

The need to calculate X-ray absorption losses through window materials and electrolytes in electrochemical cells used forin situX-ray studies is highlighted. Calculations of the loss of beam intensity through Mylar windows of various thicknesses and at different wavelengths are carried out. Other window materials, such as polyethylene, polyimide (Kapton), polymethylmethacrylate (Perspex), polycarbonate (Lexan) and polyamide (Kevlar), are considered. Linear absorption coefficients and loss of intensity through different thicknesses of these materials at the CuKα wavelength are considered. Calculations of loss of intensity for a typical experimental case involving a Mylar cell window and a 1.029 MH2SO4electrolyte are presented.

Apparatus for the simultaneous measurement of the X-ray absorption factor developed for a small-angle X-ray scattering beamline

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 791-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Morita ◽  
Yoshitada Tanaka ◽  
Kazuki Ito ◽  
Yoshihiro Takahashi ◽  
Keiko Nishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Absorption Factor ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
Scattering Measurement ◽  
Ray Scattering

A novel apparatus has been developed that enables the simultaneous determination of the absorption factor during measurement of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) intensities of a sample. It was designed especially for the use of relatively low-energy X-rays at SAXS beamlines of synchrotron facilities. The X-ray intensity of transmittance is measured by a silicon PIN photodiode, which is implanted in a direct beamstop set in a vacuum chamber. Since the assembly transmits an attenuated direct beam to a detector during the scattering measurement, a zero-angle position can be monitored without additional operation. It was confirmed that the linearity between the signal from the photodiode and the intensity of X-rays is good and the photodiode is applicable for the desired purpose. For a performance test, the absorption factors of a supercritical fluid were measured with a wide density range.

On Determining the Sign of Fault Vectors by X-Ray Topography

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Theory ◽  
Crystal Thickness ◽  
Linear Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Linear Absorption ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fault Type ◽  
Thick Crystal ◽  
Anomalous Transmission ◽  
Ray Projection ◽  
Fringe Patterns

Abstract Experiments show that the excess or deficiency of diffracted intensity in the image of the first fringe in stacking-fault-type fringe patterns on X-ray projection topographs can give a clear indication of the sign of the fault vector even when μ t is no greater than unity (μ is the normal linear absorption coefficient and t is the crystal thickness) provided that the crystal structure is such as will exhibit fairly strong anomalous transmission (Borrmann effect) in the thick crystal case for the Bragg reflections used. A quite simple diffraction theory suffices to account for the observations. Sign determinations based on this theory agree with those expected at Brazil twin boundaries parallel to major rhombohedral planes in quartz.

Superstructure Determination of PbZrO3

1998 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 524-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Yamasaki ◽  
Y. Soejima ◽  
K. F. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Structure Refinement ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Linear Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Linear Absorption ◽  
Acta Cryst ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Domain Structures ◽  
X Ray Absorption

By taking into account the effects of domain structures and X-ray absorption, the superstructure of PbZrO3, lead zirconate, has been determined at room temperature. The space group is Pbam with a unit cell of a = 5.8884 (19), b = 11.771 (4) and c = 8.226 (3) Å, with Z = 8. The intensity data were collected using short-wavelength synchrotron X-rays of 0.350 Å; this reduces the linear absorption coefficient to 11.93 mm−1. The structure refinement was performed using only the data of superlattice reflections which are free from ambiguity and resulting from the domain structure; the final R value is 0.047 for 335 unique superlattice reflections. Zr atoms show the antiphase-type displacement along the z axis; oxygen octahedra show tilt of the type a − a − c 0 using Glazer's [Acta Cryst. (1972), B28, 3384–3392; Acta Cryst. (1975), A31, 756–762] notation.

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