Hybrid-Integrated Biosensor for Express Determination of Protein Markers of Diseases based on Molecular Recognition and Direct Fluorimetric Detection

Ways of creating new generation biosensors for multiparametric express diagnostics based on molecular recognition and direct fluorimetric registration of a peptide aptamer — protein marker complex were considered. The biosensor platform comprises a microfluidic channel for delivery sample solutions, coupled with flow-through zones containing covalently attached arrays of peptide probes — aptamers. An outer glass window of the biochip assembly contains a layer of luminophore ZnS:Cu, bound on it via an acrylic lacquer and intended for the re-emitting native fluorescence of bound proteins into the longer wavelength range, more efficient in registering signals with CMOS sensors. The aptamers were designed using "Protein 3D" program for analysis of spatial complementarity of protein structures. The peptide, complementary to Troponin T, was modified by replacement of aromatic amino acid residue while maintaining the spatial configuration. The complementarity of peptide and Troponin T was confirmed using a capillary electrophoresis-on-a-chip. Biosensors are manufactured using thick-film technology and photolithography. The fluorescence of marker proteins was excited using UV-LED with a radiation wavelength of 275 nm. The limit of detection achieved for Troponin T was 6 ng/ml.

Technology for Formation of Hybrid Microfluidic Biosensor Systems for Label-Free Fluorimetric Express Detection of Protein Structures based on Molecular Recognition

The development and comparative study of technologies for manufacturing elements of hybrid biosensor systems intended for express biomedical analysis has been carried out. The technological process included the formation of the relief of microfluidic channels, chemical modification of their working surface, deposition of solid-state phosphor layers, sealing of the system, installation of inlet ports and packaging.

Neuromorphic Functional Modules of Spiking Neural Network

In the current era, design and development of artificial neural networks exploiting the architecture of the human brain have evolved rapidly. Artificial neural networks effectively solve a wide range of common for artificial intelligence tasks involving data classification and recognition, prediction, forecasting and adaptive control of object behavior. Biologically inspired underlying principles of ANN operation have certain advantages over the conventional von Neumann architecture including unsupervised learning, architectural flexibility and adaptability to environmental change and high performance under significantly reduced power consumption due to heavy parallel and asynchronous data processing. In this paper, we present the circuit design of main functional blocks (neurons and synapses) intended for hardware implementation of a perceptron-based feedforward spiking neural network. As the third generation of artificial neural networks, spiking neural networks perform data processing utilizing spikes, which are discrete events (or functions) that take place at points in time. Neurons in spiking neural networks initiate precisely timing spikes and communicate with each other via spikes transmitted through synaptic connections or synapses with adaptable scalable weight. One of the prospective approach to emulate the synaptic behavior in hardware implemented spiking neural networks is to use non-volatile memory devices with analog conduction modulation (or memristive structures). Here we propose a circuit design for functional analogues of memristive structure to mimic a synaptic plasticity, pre- and postsynaptic neurons which could be used for developing circuit design of spiking neural network architectures with different training algorithms including spike-timing dependent plasticity learning rule. Two different circuits of electronic synapse were developed. The first one is an analog synapse with photoresistive optocoupler used to ensure the tunable conductivity for synaptic plasticity emulation. While the second one is a digital synapse, in which the synaptic weight is stored in a digital code with its direct conversion into conductivity (without digital-to-analog converter andphotoresistive optocoupler). The results of the prototyping of developed circuits for electronic analogues of synapses, pre- and postsynaptic neurons and the study of transient processes are presented. The developed approach could provide a basis for ASIC design of spiking neural networks based on CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) design technology.

Neuromorphic Memristive Chips: Design and Technology

Memristive neuromorphic chips exploit a prospective class of novel functional materials (memristors) to deploy a new architecture of spiking neural networks for developing basic blocks of brain-like systems. Memristor-based neuromorphic hardware solutions for multi-agent systems are considered as challenges in frontier areas of chip design for fast and energy-efficient computing. As functional materials, metal oxide thin films with resistive switching and memory effects (memristive structures) are recognized as a potential elemental base for new components of neuromorphic engineering, enabling a combination of both data storage and processing in a single unit. A key design issue in this case is a hardware defined functionality of neural networks. The gradient change of resistive properties of memristive elements and its non-volatile memory behavior ensure the possibility of spiking neural network organization with unsupervised learning through hardware implementation of basic synaptic mechanisms, such as Hebb's learning rules including spike — timing dependent plasticity, long-term potentiation and depression. This paper provides an overview of scientific researches carrying out at Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University "LETI" since 2014 in the field of novel electronic components for neuromorphic hardware solutions of brain-like chip design. Among the most promising concepts developed by ETU "LETI" are: the design of metal-insulator-metal structures exhibiting multilevel resistive switching (gradient tuning of resistive properties and bipolar resistive switching are combined together in a sin¬gle memristive element) for further use as artificial synaptic devices in neuromorphic chips; computing schemes for spatio-temporal pattern recognition based on spiking neural network architecture implementation; breadboard models of analogue circuits of hardware implementation of neuromorphic blocks for brain-like system developing.

Appearance and Basic Functional Elements of an Interactive Multimodal Hybrid Conformal Microsystem for Real-Time Transdermal Biomedical Monitoring and Correction of the Body State

The constructive and technological solutions of a new generation interactive multimodal hybrid conformal sensor-correcting microsystem are presented. The functional modules of the microsystem made in the form of an ultrathin bracelet or patch with the possibility of fixation on human skin are considered. The advantages of the proposed microsystem, its purpose and possible applications are discussed.

The Novel Technoeconomic Paradigm. Emergency Technology and Profession of Future

Here are placed basic imaginations of creation industrial new generation society located in boundaries of development emergency technology for novel profession of future in next directions: Nature technology, Biointerface technology, Life safety.

Silicon Carbide Epitaxial Structures for Beta-Voltaic Converters

A physical and technological analysis of silicon carbide epitaxial structures, as the basic components of beta-voltaic converters (BVC), has been carried out. The main factors limiting the efficiency of SiC-BVC are determined. It is shown that in order to provide the required level of electric power of a virtually non-depleting energy source, it is necessary to use series-parallel hybrid circuits of large-area beta-voltaic multichip converters.

Inkjet Printed Ultra-Thin Conformal Zinc-Silver Battery

Flexible printed electronics and photonics technologies are in demand because they are cost-effective and quickly reconfigurable. Zinc-silver battery can help towards development of body conformal wearable electronics. The study evaluate planar sec-ondary Ag2O-Zn battery fabricated using the inkjet printing technology. Polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) is used as polymer substrate and carbon nanotubes material is used as current collectors. The demonstrated battery achieves an capacity of 4 mAh with active electrode area of 14 cm2 and thickness of 0.2 mm.

Radio-Electronic Modules and Radiation Monitoring Systems based on Diamond Detectors

An overview of the current state and promising areas of application of semiconductor diamond detectors for creating radio-electronic monitoring systems for ionizing studies based on them is given. The main attention is paid to the creation of multifunctional space radiation monitoring systems that combine a set of diamond detectors and hardware and software tools that provide diagnostics of dose and spectrometric characteristics of various types of radiation. The data on the developed and manufactured samples of blocks and on-board control systems for cosmic and ionizing radiation are presented. The overview shows that diamond ionizing radiation detectors (IRD) are actively used in the creation of radio-electronic devices and monitoring systems for ionizing and cosmic radiation. The use of diamond IRD in combination with the developed design and technological solutions, hardware and software principles for the construction of such devices make it possible to create samples of on-board onboard avionics for separate measurement of the parameters of cosmic radiation and neutron fluxes, gamma radiation, characterized by small dimensions, high speed, hardness to radiation, mechanical and temperature influences. Multifunctional systems for ionizing radiation detection based on diamond detectors use the accumulated experience of successful development and application of discrete diamond IRD allowed us to start creating multifunctional modules and radiation monitoring systems (RMS) based on them. Theыыыыыы creation of such devices allows us to practically demonstrate the traditional advantages of discrete DIRD (high speed, the highest radiation hardness, high resistance to mechanical and thermal influences) in on-board equipment with smaller mass dimensions. The main structural and technological solutions that ensure the creation and effective functioning of RMS based on diamond IRD are the following: (1) separation the IR flow into energy sub-bands; (2) the use of software and hardware processing of data received from the IRD; (3) using a multi-detector system. Further development of research and development in these areas, in addition to solving the target tasks of radio-electronic instrumentation, will stimulate technological progress in various areas of solid-state electronics, including materials science and physics of wide-band semiconductors, the development of an experimental and technological base for the synthesis of diamond bulk crystals and multilayer structures, the creation of new technologies for ion-plasma processing of semiconductors, and a number of others.

Research of Insertion Loss of Polycrystalline CVD Diamond within Range of 40...80 GHz

Insertion loss of polycrystalline CVD diamond within range of40...80 GHz is investigated by free space method. A diamond disk with diameter 56,6 mm and thickness 366 um was provided by GPI RAS. The disk was found to be radio transparent. Usage of diamond lid to seal LTCC package with T/R MMIC inside resulted in radiation loss by 2,9 dB at 60,5 GHz.