On vascular diseases of the medulla oblongata

1923 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-80
Author(s):  
I. S. Aluf
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Medulla Oblongata ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Vascular Network ◽  
The Brain

The section on focal vascular processes in the brain stem belongs to the poorly developed in neuropathology. The very concept of a vascular focus often lacks anatomical substantiation. The boundaries of the focus are usually pushed arbitrarily depending on the symptoms to be interpreted, with the solitary nature of the focus usually postulated. Anatomical relations of the vascular network, at least intramedullary ones, are not sufficiently taken into account.

scholarly journals Acute Changes in Blood Pressure Following Vascular Diseases in the Brain Stem

Stroke ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKIRA ITO ◽  
TERUO OMAE ◽  
SHIBANOSUKE KATSUKI
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Acute Changes ◽  
The Brain

Abstract P717: Central Midbrain Strokes Are More Liable for Respiratory Failure Then Other Brain Stem Strokes

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar M Hussein ◽  
Eder Caceres ◽  
kasser saba ◽  
Hera Kamdar ◽  
khalid Sawalha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Medulla Oblongata ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Periaqueductal Grey ◽  
Stroke Registry ◽  
Adaptive Nature ◽  
The Brain

Background: Respiratory centers are known to be present in the central medulla oblongata and pons. There are multiple complex respiratory networks involving these centers. The midbrain periaqueductal grey is believed to act as a regulator of the respiratory function. The effect of brain-stem strokes on respiration remains understudied. There is a lack of clear understanding of the anatomical influence of such strokes on respiration. We attempted to identify brain-stem locations with the highest liability for respiratory failure in case of stroke. Methods: We included all ischemic and hemorrhagic brain-stem strokes from our stroke-registry between 2016 and 2018 then performed univariate/multivariate regression-analyses on variables that might predict respiratory failure and the need for intubation. The brain stem was divided into nine locations (right lateral, central, left lateral in each of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata). Results: Out of 128 brain-stem strokes of different sizes and etiologies, central midbrain strokes were the only significant and independent affected location associated with respiratory failure and endotracheal intubation (coefficient= 0.1256, 95%-CI= 0.0175, 0.2338, p= 0.023). R-squared was equal to 15% when only central midbrain strokes stayed in the model. Conclusions: While one might assume that central medullary and pontine strokes have the most impact on respiration; our results show that central midbrain is the most impactful, accounting for about 15% of respiratory instability associated with brain-stem strokes. This can be explained by the adaptive nature of respiratory circuits within the medulla and pons. Central periaqueductal grey within the midbrain controls the rate and depth of respiration and might not have the same flexibility present elsewhere.

scholarly journals Гистохимический анализ активности 3β-гидроксистероиддегидрогеназы в нейронах ствола головного мозга крысы

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-32
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Giant Cell ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Cerebellar Cortex ◽  
Medulla Oblongata ◽  
Cell Nucleus ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Pons Medulla ◽  
The Brain

The histochemistry method was used to study the activity of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (GSDG) in the neurons of the medulla oblongata and the pons medulla. It was revealed that GSDG-positive neurons are detected by this method in neurons of the nucleus (giant cell, para giant cell, intermediate reticular, medial vestibular and others), as well as in the internuclear zones. Spectrophotometric analysis showed that the intensity of the response to GDD in cells of the brain stem is high and in neurons of the giant cell nucleus exceeds that in Purkinje cells of the cerebellar cortex.

scholarly journals Dr. M. A. Zakharchenko. "Vascular diseases of the brain stem". Issue I. Blockage art. cerebelli post. infer. Moscow. 1911 g.

2021 ◽  
Vol XVIII (2) ◽  
pp. 512-514
Author(s):  
A. E. Favorsky
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
The Brain

The just published monograph by Dr. Zakharchenko on occlusion art. cerebelli will undoubtedly be met with great interest in the literature.

scholarly journals A rare case of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula mimicking malignant glioma of the medulla oblongata: Significance of cerebral angiography for accurate diagnosis of brain stem region

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
Seiji Shigekawa ◽  
Akihiro Inoue ◽  
Yawara Nakamura ◽  
Daisuke Kohno ◽  
Masahiko Tagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Glioma ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistula ◽  
Contrast Enhancement ◽  
Medulla Oblongata ◽  
Cerebral Angiography ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Dural Arteriovenous Fistula ◽  
Enhanced Mri ◽  
The Brain

Background: The findings of a hyperintense sign on T2-weighted imaging (T2-WI) and gadolinium (Gd) contrast enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain stem suggest malignant glioma. However, this pathological condition is probably uncommon, and it may be unknown that a dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) can imitate this radiological pattern. In addition, it is extremely rare to be caused by a spinal DAVF. Here, a rare case of spinal DAVF that mimicked malignant glioma of the medulla oblongata is presented. Case Description: A 56-year-old woman was admitted with a progressive gait disturbance, vertigo, and dysphasia. MRI showed a hyperintense signal in the medulla oblongata on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and moderate contrast enhancement on Gd-enhanced MRI. Interestingly, Gd-enhanced MRI demonstrated abnormal dilated veins around the brain stem and cervical spinal cord. Cerebral angiography showed spinal DAVF at the left C4/C5 vertebral foramen fed by the C5 radicular artery. The fistula drained into spinal perimedullary veins and flowed out retrograde at the cortical vein of the posterior cranial fossa. Therefore, surgical disconnection of the spinal DAVF was performed by a posterior approach. The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful. Cerebral angiography showed complete disappearance of the DAVF, with marked reductions of the hyperintense sign of the medulla oblongata on FLAIR. Conclusion: This important case illustrates MRI findings mimicking brain stem glioma. In cases with the hyperintense sign-on T2-WI associated with contrast enhancement suspicious of brainstem glioma, careful checking for perimedullary abnormal vessels and additional cerebral angiography should be performed.

scholarly journals Clinical experience with the use of dalargin in the initial forms of vascular diseases of the brain

1996 ◽  
Vol XXVIII (3-4) ◽  
pp. 37-37
Author(s):  
V. A. Yavorskaya ◽  
V. A. Malakhov ◽  
А. V. Grebenyuk
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Medulla Oblongata ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Reparative Regeneration ◽  
Synthetic Analogue ◽  
Regulatory Effect ◽  
Cardiovascular Center ◽  
Initial Forms ◽  
The Brain

Dalargin is the first domestic synthetic analogue of leyenkephalin. It has a wide spectrum of biological activity: accelerates physiological and reparative regeneration (Timoshin S.S., Shvets S.I., 1988), has an immunomodulatory effect, has anti-stress activity (Dishmanov Yu.B., Lasunov T.V., 1985) The direct regulatory effect of dalargin on the neurons of the cardiovascular center of the medulla oblongata was established.

Role of the medulla oblongata in plateau-wave development in dogs

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Hayashi ◽  
Hisamasa Ishii ◽  
Yuji Handa ◽  
Hidenori Kobayashi ◽  
Hirokazu Kawano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Reticular Formation ◽  
Medulla Oblongata ◽  
Cerebral Blood Volume ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Plateau Waves ◽  
Wave Development ◽  
The Brain

✓ Plateau waves reflect both dilatation of the cerebral vessels and an increase in the cerebral blood volume under increased intracranial pressure (ICP). They are often associated with changes in arterial blood pressure (BP) and respiration, suggesting a role of the brain stem in their development. In experiments conducted on dogs in which intracranial hypertension was induced by occluding the neck veins, the authors stimulated the brain-stem reticular formation in the medulla oblongata and caudal pons to identify the brain sites that produce plateau-like responses. A rise in ICP was observed following stimulation of most areas of the brain stem and was associated with changes in arterial BP, cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), cerebral blood flow (CBF), respiration, and pulse rate. The stimuli delivered to the medial reticular formation of the caudal medulla caused an arterial depressor response, a decrease in CPP and CBF, suppressed ventilation, and bradycardia; these responses were similar in many respects to plateau waves observed in clinical practice and almost corresponded to the depressor region of the vasomotor center. It is hypothesized that the medullary depressor area may play a role in eliciting cerebral vasomotor reaction concerned with the development of plateau waves in a state of increased ICP.

Permeability of the microcirculation in area postrema of rat

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 348-349
Author(s):  
Shams M. Ghoneim ◽  
Frank M. Faraci ◽  
Gary L. Baumbach
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Area Postrema ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sodium Cacodylate ◽  
Acute Hypertension ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Ultrastructural Characteristics ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Adjacent Brain

The area postrema is a circumventricular organ in the brain stem and is one of the regions in the brain that lacks a fully functional blood-brain barrier. Recently, we found that disruption of the microcirculation during acute hypertension is greater in area postrema than in the adjacent brain stem. In contrast, hyperosmolar disruption of the microcirculation is greater in brain stem. The objective of this study was to compare ultrastructural characteristics of the microcirculation in area postrema and adjacent brain stem.We studied 5 Sprague-Dawley rats. Horseradish peroxidase was injected intravenously and allowed to circulate for 1, 5 or 15 minutes. Following perfusion of the upper body with 2.25% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate, the brain stem was removed, embedded in agar, and chopped into 50-70 μm sections with a TC-Sorvall tissue chopper. Sections of brain stem were incubated for 1 hour in a solution of 3,3' diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (0.05%) in 0.05M Tris buffer with 1% H2O2.

Surgical Approaches to the Brain Stem

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Y. Wen ◽  
Roberto C. Heros
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
The Brain

Review of The Brain Stem of the Cat: A Cytoarchitectonic Atlas with Stereotaxic Coordinates.

1969 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 449-449
Author(s):  
GARTH J. THOMAS
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
The Brain
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