A method for testing synchronization to a musical beat in domestic horses (Equus ferus caballus)

According to the “vocal learning and rhythmic synchronization hypothesis” (Patel, 2006), only species capable of complex vocal learning, such as humans and parrots, have the capacity to synchronize their movements to a musical beat.  While empirical research to date on a few species (e.g., parrots and monkeys) has supported this hypothesis, many species remain to be examined. Domestic horses are particularly important to study, as they are vocal non-learners who are occasionally reported to move in synchrony with a musical beat, based on informal observations. If these reports are substantiated by scientific experiments, this would refute the vocal learning hypothesis and provide a new species for the comparative study of musical rhythm.  Here we present a new method for testing whether horses can synchronize their trotting to a musical beat, including an illustration of data analysis based on data collected from one horse.  

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Stenamoeba polymorpha , a New Species Isolated from Domesticated Horse Equus ferus caballus

Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology ◽

10.1111/jeu.12317 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 63 (6) ◽

pp. 698-708 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Michael T. Peglar ◽

Thomas A. Nerad ◽

O. Roger Anderson

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

A New Species ◽

Equus Ferus Caballus

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Rhodocybe tugrulii (Agaricales, Entolomataceae), a new species from Turkey and Estonia based on morphological and molecular data, and a new combination in Clitocella (Entolomataceae)

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.267.1.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 267 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

ALFREDO VIZZINI ◽

TIMOTHY J BARONI ◽

ERTUGRUL SESLI ◽

VLADIMÍR ANTONÍN ◽

IRJA SAAR

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Molecular Data ◽

New Combination ◽

Molecular Evidence ◽

Morphological And Molecular Data ◽

Pileus Surface ◽

A New Species

Rhodocybe tugrulii sp. nov. is described based on both morphological and molecular data (analysis of nrITS and nrLSU sequences) from Zigana Mountain, Trabzon, Turkey and Lääne County, Estonia. It is distinguished by the grey to beige or slightly reddish brown basidiomata, a small, convex to hemispheric, cracked pileus surface, decurrent lamellae; a pruinose and cylindrical stipe; 2- or 4- spored basidia; and hyaline, somewhat angular to broadly ellipsoid, sometimes obscurely bumpy, on average 5.9 × 4.9 μm inamyloid basidiospores. Colour photographs of fresh basidiomata and of the main micromorphological features and a comparison with the allied species are included. Based on molecular evidence, Clitocella obscura comb. nov. is proposed.

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The comparative study of Alkanna and Huynhia (Boraginaceae, Lithospermeae), with description of a new species in Iran

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.524.4.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 524 (4) ◽

pp. 216-234

Author(s):

SINA KHALVATI ◽

MASSOUD RANJBAR

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Corolla Tube ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Diagnostic Characters ◽

Pollen Characters ◽

Sw Iran ◽

Floral Characters ◽

The Comparative Study ◽

A New Species

A new blue to light violet-flowered species from SW Iran is described as Alkanna semiromica. The new species is morphologically close to A. frigida and Huynhia pulchra. Floral characters suggested the affinity of the new species to Huynhia, especially the stamens inserted at different heights in the corolla tube and also the plant trichomes while the pollen characters supported its place within the genus Alkanna. A comparison with the new species and the most similar genera is presented here based on new and old morphological data, to understand the differences among the species. In addition, the diagnostic characters, description, detailed illustrations, and taxonomic comments are presented.

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