Untangling the waterfall damsels: a review of the Mesoamerican genus Paraphlebia Selys in Hagen, 1861 (Odonata: Thaumatoneuridae) with descriptions of 11 new species

A review of the Mesoamerican genus Paraphlebia Selys in Hagen, 1861 is presented, including diagnoses, illustrations of diagnostic characters, and distribution maps for all species. A key to the known males and females is provided. Eleven new species are described: P. akan Ortega-Salas & González-Soriano. sp. nov., P. chaak Ortega-Salas & González-Soriano sp. nov., P. chiarae Ortega-Salas sp. nov., P. esperanza Ortega-Salas & González-Soriano sp. nov., P. flinti Ortega-Salas & González-Soriano sp. nov., P. hunnal Ortega-Salas & González-Soriano sp. nov., P. itzamna Ortega-Salas, Jocque & González-Soriano sp. nov., P. ixchel Ortega-Salas & González-Soriano sp. nov., P. kauil Ortega-Salas & González-Soriano sp. nov., P. kinich Ortega-Salas & González-Soriano sp. nov., and P. kukulkan Jocque & Ortega-Salas sp. nov.

Geotomus granulosus, a peculiar sehirine-like new species of the subfamily Cydninae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae) from Burundi

Geotomus granulosus sp. n. is described from Burundi, and is the third burrower bug species recorded hitherto from this country. This burrower bug resembles species of two Sehirinae genera, i.e. Ochetostethus Fieber, 1860 and Ochetostethomorpha Schumacher, 1913, in its dorsal body habitus. However, all its crucial diagnostic characters (the body chaetotaxy, the shape of evaporatoria and the peritreme, the meso- and metathoracic wings venation, and the shape of spermatheca) demonstrate it represents the genus Geotomus Mulsant et Rey, 1866 (subfamily Cydninae, tribe Geotomini sensu lato).

New species of Andropromachus (Phasmatodea: Lonchodidae: Necrosciinae: Necrosciini) from Yunnan Province, China

The genus Andropromachus (Lonchodidae: Necrosciinae: Necrosciini) is a small genus of stick insects including four species with a distribution in northern Vietnam and south-western China. A new species of stick insects Andropromachus gulinqingensis sp. n. is described from Yunnan Province of China. Diagnostic characters of the new species are illustrated and an identification key to male and female Andropromachus is provided along with a checklist for all described species.

Diagnostic Characterization of Powdered Herbal Drugs for their Identification & Authentification in Classical Unani Formulations

Diagnostic characters of seven powdered herbal drugs namely Anab-us Salab (fruit), Bekh-e-Sausan (root), Kaifal (stem bark), Kalijiri (fruit), Nankhwah (fruit), Tukhm-e-Khurfa (seed) and Turbud (Root) have been discussed in detail for their identification and authentification in classical unani formulations. The investigation includes correct botanical and vernacular names, family name, organoleptic studies, therapeutic uses, unani formulations containing these drugs, besides their microscopical studies that includes identification of various cells/tissues/cell contents along with their measurements. All these studies will serve as a reference standard to the academicians, researchers, plant chemists, TM students, health professionals and plant base pharmaceutical industries. Keywords: Diagnostic characterization, identification, authentification, powdered herbal drugs.

Disentangling Polygala obovata Complex (Polygalaceae), with a Description of Three New Species for Brazil

Abstract— The morphology of the Polygala obovata complex, with a taxonomic revision of the current names, was studied, recognizing three new species of Polygala for Brazil. The new species, Polygala capitolensis, P. jardimii, and P. paganuccii, are described, along with their diagnostic characters and notes on taxonomy. Distribution maps and photographic plates, including a comparative morphology, are provided.

A new species of Prosopocoilus Hope & Westwood, 1845 from China and Vietnam (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae)

A new species of stag beetle, Prosopocoilus zhuchuangi new species (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae) is described from China (Guizhou) and Vietnam. It is closely related to P. fulgens (Didier, 1927), sharing a fringe of dense setae in the apical 2/3 of the mesal sides of the mesotibiae and metatibiae. Diagnostic characters of the two species are illustrated and compared.

New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles—24. Pogonostoma (Microgeniatum) signifemorale sp. nov. with revised key to species of the subgenus Microgeniatum Rivalier (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae)

Pogonostoma (Microgeniatum) signifemorale sp. nov., based on a male holotype caught recently in the Ankarafantsika National Park (northwestern Madagascar), is described as new to science. The new species is immediately distinguished from other three hitherto known species of the subgenus Microgeniatum Rivalier, 1970, including a somewhat similar P. (Microgeniatum) infimum Rivalier, 1970. Consequently, a revised differential diagnosis and a revised key to species of the subgenus are presented in order to supplement the key and diagnosis in the monograph of the genus Pogonostoma Klug, 1835 by Moravec (2007). The male holotype is illustrated in colour photographs of its habitus and diagnostic characters with references to the illustrations of the other three species of the subgenus in the monograph of the genus (Moravec 2007). The habitat and ecology of the new species, as well as essential maps of known distribution of the subgenus, are also presented.

The “Spaghetti Project”: the final identification guide to European Terebellidae (sensu lato) (Annelida, Terebelliformia)

This paper is the conclusion of the “Spaghetti Project” aiming to revise French species of Terebellidae sensu lato (s.l.) belonging to the five families: Polycirridae, Telothelepodidae, Terebellidae sensu stricto (s.s.), Thelepodidae and Trichobranchidae. During this project, 41 species were observed, 31 of them new for science: eight species of Polycirridae, eleven species of Terebellidae s.s., three species of Thelepodidae and nine species of Trichobranchidae. We provide a comprehensive key for all European species of terebellids with a focus on the important diagnostic characters for each family. Finally, we discuss issues on taxonomy, biodiversity and cryptic and pseudo-cryptic species of polychaetes in European waters, based on results obtained during this project.

Revision of the European species of the genus Hincksina Norman, 1903 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida, Flustridae)

Four Atlantic species of the flustrid genus Hincksina Norman, 1903, which were introduced during the 19th and early 20th century, are redescribed and imaged: Hincksina flustroides (Hincks, 1877) from Great Britain, Hincksina sceletos (Busk, 1858) from Madeira as well as Hincksina neptuni (Jullien in Jullien & Calvet, 1903) n. comb. and Hincksina alice (Jullien in Jullien & Calvet, 1903) n. comb. from the Azores, the latter two of which were hitherto placed in the cribrilinid genus Membraniporella Smitt, 1873. Lectotypes are designated for all species. A new species, Hincksina synchysia n. sp., is introduced for the Mediterranean taxon previously referred to as Hincksina flustroides f. crassispinata Gautier, 1962. In contrast to species from the continental shelf, which have simple cylindrical or flattened spines, some of the species from the oceanic islands of Madeira and the Azores are particularly characterised by falciform and variably formed palmicorn spines. Moreover, whilst most Hincksina species have avicularia with a relatively short, (sub)rounded rostrum and mandible, the two Azorean species have elongated, curved and pointed avicularia. The relationship between Gregarinidra Barroso, 1949, which also has pointed avicularia, and Hincksina is commented upon. Based on several shared diagnostic characters, the genus Cribralaria Silén, 1941 is here transferred from the Cribrilinidae Hincks, 1879 to the Flustridae Fleming, 1828.