Assessing the Impact of Salinity on Resource Use Efficiency in Wheat Production in Central Iraq

A lot of national and international effort has been made to promote sustainable agricultural production systems in drylands. However, success has been seriously limited due to lack of thorough characterization of the impact of the diversity of farm household types on productivity, resource-use efficiency and economic and nutritional status. This study applied hierarchical ascendant classification to a random sample of 286 cereal-producing farm households in Morocco and identified distinct household typologies. It also carried out an analysis of trade-offs between economic, nutritional and environmental factors induced by the production decisions of the different farm household typologies. Our analysis identified three dominant farm household typologies in the production system, namely: (i) intensive predominantly-vegetable farming households with high input intensities, (ii) semi-intensive cereal mono-crop farming households with moderate input intensities and (iii) extensive mixed cereal-legume farming households with low input intensities. Extensive mixed cereal-legume farming households exhibited the highest resource-use efficiency and high biodiversity. These benefits, however, came at the expense of a much lower farm income and limited food supplies relative to the other two systems. These results show that, as is the case for many dryland regions, all three farm types showed precarious conditions for one or more of the sustainability-related indicators.

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Resource Use Efficiency and Factors Affecting Land Allocation for Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Production in Bangladesh

The Agriculturists ◽

10.3329/agric.v15i1.33426 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 28-39

Author(s):

Basanta Kumar Barmon ◽

Mahfuzul Islam

Keyword(s):

Resource Use ◽

Labor Cost ◽

Land Allocation ◽

Primary Data ◽

Resource Use Efficiency ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Wheat Production ◽

Land Preparation ◽

Wheat Cultivation ◽

Use Efficiency

The present study aimed to estimate the resource use efficiency and identify the factors affecting land allocation for wheat production in Bangladesh. Primary data were randomly collected from 183 wheat producers from three Upzillas of Natore district. The results revealed that farmers had experienced decreasing return to scale in wheat production. Farm area, seed cost and labor cost were the main factors that positively, and irrigation negatively affected wheat production. The sampled farmers failed to show their efficiency in using the resources in wheat cultivation. There was further opportunity to increase wheat production using more seed, chemical fertilizers, manure and pesticides. However, there was no further scope to increase wheat production by using irrigation, land preparation and labor inputs. The study also revealed that farmers age, education, wheat farming experience, location and family size significantly affected the probability of land allocation in wheat production. Soil type in the study areas played a vital role in the decision process of wheat cultivation. It could be concluded that proper utilization of inputs can increase wheat in Bangladesh.The Agriculturists 2017; 15(1) 28-39

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A New Standard Area Diagram Set for Assessment of Severity of Soybean Rust Improves Accuracy of Estimates and Optimizes Resource Use

10.31219/osf.io/rnza9 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Emerson Medeiros Del Ponte ◽

Kaique Santos Alves

Keyword(s):

Resource Use ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Soybean Rust ◽

Phakopsora Pachyrhizi ◽

Resource Use Efficiency ◽

Severe Reduction ◽

New Knowledge ◽

Disease Reduction ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

The Impact

Soybean rust (SBR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is the most important yield- damaging fungal disease of soybean due to severe reduction in healthy leaf area and acceleration of leaf fall. In experimental research, SBR severity is estimated visually aided/trained by a standard area diagram (SAD) developed and validated during the mid- 2000s (Old SAD). In this study, we propose a new SAD set for SBR with six true-colour diagrams following linear increments (c.15% increments) amended with four additional diagrams at low (<10%) severities, totaling 10 diagrams (0.2%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 10%, 25%, 40%, 55%, 70%, and 84%). For evaluation, 37 raters were split into two groups. Each assessed severity in a 50-image sample (0.25% to 84%), first unaided and then using either the Old SAD or the New SAD. Accuracy, precision, and reliability of estimates improved significantly relative to unaided estimates only when aided by the New SAD (accuracy >0.95). Low precision (<0.78) and a trend of underestimation with an increase in severity were the main issues with the Old SAD, which did not differ from unaided estimates. Simulation to evaluate the impact of the errors by different methods on hypothesis tests, showed that the new SAD was more powerful for detecting the smallest difference in mean control (e.g., 70% vs. 65% disease reduction) than the Old SAD; the latter required a 2-fold increase in sample size to achieve the same power. There is a need to improve some SADs, taking advantage of new knowledge and technology to increase accuracy of the estimates, and to optimize both resource use efficiency and management decisions.

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Resource use efficiency in wheat production: A comparative analysis

AGRICULTURE UPDATE ◽

10.15740/has/au/10.4/294-299 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 294-299

Author(s):

N.P. MANE ◽

S.M. SARAP ◽

S.N. INGALE

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Resource Use ◽

Resource Use Efficiency ◽

Wheat Production ◽

Use Efficiency

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Resource Use Efficiency as a Climate Smart Approach: Case of Smallholder Maize Farmers in Nyando, Kenya

Environments ◽

10.3390/environments5080093 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (8) ◽

pp. 93 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohamud Salat ◽

Brent Swallow

Keyword(s):

Soil Carbon ◽

Technical Efficiency ◽

Resource Use ◽

Soil Conservation ◽

Smallholder Farmers ◽

Conservation Practices ◽

Resource Use Efficiency ◽

Maize Production ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

The Impact

To simultaneously enhance agricultural productivity and lower negative impacts on the environment, food systems need to be much more efficient in using resources such as land, water, and fertilizer. This study examines resource use efficiency of maize production among smallholder farmers in Nyando, Kenya. The main objective is to assess the degree of technical efficiency of smallholder farmers and identify the impact of so-called “climate smart practices” on technical efficiency. The method of Stochastic Frontier Analysis is used to simultaneously estimate a stochastic production frontier and a technical inefficiency effect model. Data for 324 subplots farmed by 170 households were available for this analysis. The study reveals that maize production in Nyando is associated with mean technical efficiency of 45% and that soil conservation practices such as residue management, legume intercropping, and improved varieties significantly increase farmers’ technical efficiency. Soil carbon is found to be a critical factor of production. These results imply that there is potential to more than double production using the same resources and that soil conservation practices can be very “climate smart,” at once increasing soil carbon, production, climate resilience, and technical efficiency.

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Resource Use Efficiency in Wheat Production of Amravati Division

Indian Journal Of Applied Research ◽

10.15373/2249555x/july2013/4 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3 (7) ◽

pp. 10-11

Author(s):

Harish A Patil ◽

◽

Dr. Vanita K Khobarkar

Keyword(s):

Resource Use ◽

Resource Use Efficiency ◽

Wheat Production ◽

Use Efficiency

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Relationships between vine hydraulics and wine production in Falanghina: morpho-functional and isotopic traceability to evaluate sustainability in a climate change context

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-9928 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nicola Damiano ◽

Chiara Cirillo ◽

Giovanna Battipaglia ◽

Chiara Amitrano ◽

Antonio Pannico ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Resource Use ◽

Environmental Constraints ◽

Resource Use Efficiency ◽

Wine Production ◽

Campania Region ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

The Impact

In the Mediterranean region, climate change is intensifying the need to improve the resource use efficiency of crops (e.g. water use efficiency) and to increase yield, quality and stability of productions, especially in high profitability and vulnerable crops as grapevine. In a climate change scenario, with increasing temperature and frequency of extreme events, such as prolonged periods of drought, the improvement of knowledge about the plasticity of morpho-functional traits in vines, becomes pivotal. Only a deep knowledge of vine responses to environmental constraints can help achieving the correct management of cultivation factors towards sustainability.The objective of this study is to apply a multidisciplinary approach for monitoring the resource use efficiency and resource allocation during vine development up to wine production. This general objective will be pursued by analysing the complex relationships between parameters in the continuum environment/plant/wine with specific emphasis on the influence of water availability on the vine, grapes, must and finally wine, in order to relate climate, plant water status and oenological characteristics.The study was conducted in a vineyard of Vitis vinifera L. subsp. vinifera &#8216;Falanghina&#8217; located in southern Italy (La Guardiense farm, Guardia Sanframondi, Benevento, Campania region).The vineyard performance was monitored on the basis of several morphological and eco-physiological parameters, measured in the main phenological phases, including: plant architecture, fertility, leaf anatomical traits, photosynthetic efficiency, leaf gas exchanges, nutritional status, berry and must quality. Water use efficiency was estimated through the analysis of anatomical and stable isotope traits (linked with hydraulic and resource efficiency parameters) from tree-ring series and leaf samples. Stable isotopes were also analysed in the must, in order to check the occurrence of an isotopic signature from the plants towards the must.The approach proved to be promising for achieving a comprehensive understanding on the impact of environmental constraints not only on plant behaviour, but also on the characteristics of the oenological products, furnishing at the same time a promising tool to reconstruct vine status from the isotopic trace in the must.&#160;

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