scholarly journals A study on the state crime in the Rome era

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-53
Author(s):  
Hyunwook Cho
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
State Crime

Combatting organised crime and terrorism in Central Asia

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma van Santen
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
The State ◽  
State Crime ◽  
International Policy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Terrorist Groups

Purpose This paper aims to examine the shift away from the traditional distinction between organised crime and terrorist groups towards their conceptual convergence under the crime-terror nexus narrative in the context of international security and development policy in post-Soviet Central Asia. It assesses the empirical basis for the crime-terror and state-crime nexus in three Central Asian countries – Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan – and argues that the exclusion of the state from the analytical framework undermines the relevance of the crime-terror paradigm for policy-making. Design/methodology/approach This paper draws on a literature review of academic research, recent case studies highlighting new empirical evidence in Central Asia and international policy publications. Findings There is a weak empirical connection between organised crime and Islamic extremists, such as the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan and Hizbut Tahrir, in Central Asia. The state-crime paradigm, including concepts of criminal capture, criminal sovereignty and criminal penetration, hold more explanatory power for international policy in Central Asia. The crime-terror paradigm has resulted in a narrow and ineffective security-oriented law enforcement approach to counter-narcotics and counter-terrorism but does not address the underlying weak state governance structures and political grievances that motivate organised crime and terrorist groups respectively. Originality/value International policy and scholarship is currently focussed on the areas of convergence between organised crime and terrorist groups. This paper highlights the continued relevance of the traditional conceptual separation of terrorist and organised crime groups based on their different motives, methods and relationship with the state, for security and democratic governance initiatives in the under-researched Central Asian region.

The State of Coverage: The Media’s Representation of International Issues and State Crime

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-21
Author(s):  
Victoria Ellen Collins ◽  
Amanda L. Farrell ◽  
Jesse R. McKee ◽  
Favian Alejandro Martin ◽  
Elizabeth Monk-Turner
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
State Crime ◽  
International Issues

Justice Denied: Low Submission Rates of Sexual Assault Kits and the Predicting Variables

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (17) ◽  
pp. 3547-3573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie L. Valentine ◽  
L. Kathleen Sekula ◽  
Lawrence J. Cook ◽  
Rebecca Campbell ◽  
Alison Colbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
State Crime ◽  
Site Location ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Seek Health Care ◽  
Crime Laboratory

Following sexual assaults, victims are advised to seek health care services with forensic evidence collected and packaged in sexual assault kits (SAKs). This large ( N = 1,874), retrospective study examined rates of SAK submissions by law enforcement to the state crime laboratory for analysis from 2010 to 2013 at four sites in a Western state in the United States with established sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE) programs. Variables of legal and extralegal characteristics in sexual assault cases were explored through generalized estimating equations (GEE) modeling to determine what factors statistically predicted SAK submissions. For submitted SAKs, the length of time between the dates of assault and dates of submission was categorized, and bivariate and multivariate analyses were calculated to discover legal and extralegal characteristics affecting time of submission. The study sites represented 40% of the state’s law enforcement agencies and 65% of the state’s population. Out of the 1,874 SAKs in the study, only 38.2% were submitted by law enforcement to the state crime laboratory for analysis. When SAK submissions were examined based on time between assaults and submission dates, 22.8% were submitted within a year of the assault and 15.4% were submitted more than a year after the assault following media and community pressure for law enforcement agencies to submit SAKs in storage. Significant variability of SAK submission rates and the time submitted from the assault dates were found between the sites. Site location was found to be the main determinant of whether or not SAKs were submitted. The lack of SAK submissions for analysis results in justice denied for victims and raises public safety concerns. The finding that the location in which the sexual assault occurred was the primary factor on SAK submissions represents an inequity of justice.

The Victimology of State Crime

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick A. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Critical Criminology ◽  
The State ◽  
State Crime ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
Crime Literature

States have been committing crimes and victimizing people since the advent of the state itself. Yet it has only been since the 1990s that criminologists have turned their attention to describing, theorizing, and analyzing state crimes. While the study of state crime has made significant progress since then, the same is not true for the victimology of state crime. Currently, the victimology of state crime does not represent a cohesive subfield within criminology or victimology. Nevertheless, drawing upon essential works from criminology, victimology, other disciplines like human rights law, as well as established subfields like critical criminology, critical victimology, and the state crime literature, the victimology of state crime offers essential insights into the nature of mass victimization by states. Although much work remains, the victimology of state crime literature has created a solid foundation for lines of future scholarship and inquiry.

scholarly journals CONCEPTUAL BASIS FOR CLASSIFYING STATE CRIMES DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

2021 ◽  
pp. 197-206
Author(s):  
O. A. Chuvakov
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
State Crime ◽  
Conceptual Basis ◽  
Criminal Punishment ◽  
State Security ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The Government ◽  
Criminal Legislation

The article explores problematic issues of defining crimes against state security during the Great Patriotic War. It is emphasized that, from the very beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the government of the USSR in a certain way formulates the main, conceptual doctrine in the field of management and combating state crime, in connection with which a number of provisions of the criminal legislation were radically transformed, where the main changes were mostly concentrated to increase the role of the repressive component of criminal punishment, and this circumstance was even more pronounced in areas of active hostilities. It is stated that the legislation of the reviewed period was characterized by signs of emergency legislation – wartime legislation, in connection with which many regulatory prescriptions were of a temporary nature – they were valid only for the period of the war. It is argued that in the studied period, the practice of criminalizing administrative offenses and disciplinary offenses is widely used, which established new formats for assessing socially dangerous acts against the security of the state. The provisions considered in the article make it possible to establish how, during the specified period, counteraction to socially dangerous acts was carried out, many of which were equated with state crimes by the legislator of that period. After all, it should be recognized, and this seems more than obvious, that the legislator of that period qualified most of the previously considered acts in wartime as treason to the Motherland – a grave crime against the state.

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