Evaluation of Diatomaceous Earth (Insecto) and Bacillus thuringiensis Formulations for Insect Control in Stored Peanuts2

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank H. Arthur ◽  
Steve L. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Diatomaceous Earth ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Indianmeal Moth ◽  
Flour Beetle ◽  
Flour Beetles ◽  
Almond Moth ◽  
Red Flour Beetles

Runner variety peanuts treated with four rates of diatomaceous earth (28.4, 56.8, 85.2, and 113.6 g per 12.7 kg peanuts) and Virginia variety peanuts treated with four Bacillus thuringiensis formulations (Dipel, Foil, M-Trak and Trident) were held for 8 months at ambient conditions in south Georgia and infested with stored-product insect pests. No red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), adults were found in peanuts treated with diatomaceous earth until six months after treatment. After 8 months, red flour beetle populations in peanuts treated with diatomaceous earth ranged from 5.7 ± 1.9 to 32.8 ± 12.0 per kg, as compared to 221.2 red flour beetles per 12.7 kg peanuts in untreated controls. The effect of diatomaceous earth on red flour beetles was described by non-linear regression. Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), and almond moth, Cadra cautella (Walker), populations were not abundant in untreated controls or the diatomaceous earth treatments. After 8 months, red flour beetle populations in peanuts treated with the four biological insecticides were not significantly different from the untreated controls. Low levels of Indianmeal moth and almond moth were present in all treatments.

Efficacy of Cyfluthrin, Cyfluthrin + Piperonyl Butoxide, and Cyfluthrin + Piperonyl Butoxide + Chlorpyrifos-Methyl as Protectants of Stored Peanuts1

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank H. Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Plodia Interpunctella ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Indianmeal Moth ◽  
Flour Beetle ◽  
Cadra Cautella ◽  
Almond Moth

Abstract Inshell peanuts were treated with 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 ppm cyfluthrin, each rate of cyfluthrin + 8.0 ppm piperonyl butoxide, and each rate of cyfluthrin + piperonyl butoxide + 25 ppm chlorpyrifos-methyl. After 10 months red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), populations in peanuts treated with 0.5 and 1.0 ppm cyfluthrin averaged 89.5 and 34.2 adults per 12.7 kg peanuts; populations in peanuts treated with 1.0 and 1.5 ppm cyfluthrin + piperonyl butoxide averaged 72.0 amd 41.5 adults per 12.7 kg peanuts. Populations in the remaining 8 treatments ranged from 0.5 to 7.2 adults. Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), and almond moth, Cadra cautella (Walker), populations remained low in all treatments. At 10 months the percentage of insectdamaged kernels from cracked pods ranged from 8.7 to 28.8% in the cyfluthrin and cyfluthrin + piperonyl butoxide treatments, while the percentage of damaged kernels was 4.4 to 6.1% in the 4 treatments with chlorpyrifos-methyl.

scholarly journals Rating knockdown of flour beetles after exposure to two insecticides as an indicator of mortality

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos G. Athanassiou ◽  
Nickolas G. Kavallieratos ◽  
Frank H. Arthur ◽  
Christos T. Nakas
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Concrete Surface ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Flour Beetle ◽  
Insecticidal Effect ◽  
Testing Period ◽  
Flour Beetles ◽  
Confused Flour Beetle ◽  
Contact Insecticides

AbstractKnockdown and mortality of adults of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val, were assessed after exposure to two contact insecticides, chlorfenapyr and cyfluthrin, on a concrete surface. Individuals were rated on a scale for knockdown of exposed adults according to their mobility from 1, representing immobilized adults to 5, representing normally moving (similar to the controls). Only cyfluthrin gave immediate knockdown. Adults were rated at 1, 3 and 7 days post-exposure. After the final assessment, adults were discarded and the same procedure was repeated for 5 consecutive weeks with new adults exposed on the same treated surfaces. Despite initial knockdown, many individuals did not eventually die after exposure to cyfluthrin. In contrast, adults exposed to chlorfenapyr were not initially knocked down after exposure but most died after 7 days. These trends were similar during the entire 5-week residual testing period. The storage of the treated dishes in illuminated or non-illuminated conditions did not affect the insecticidal effect of either insecticide. The results of the present study can be further implemented towards the design of a “lethality index” that can serve as a quick indicator of knockdown and mortality rates caused after exposure to insecticides.

Effectiveness of Three Residual Insecticide Formulations To Control Red Flour Beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) On Painted and Unpainted Steel2

1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Claborn ◽  
G. E. Tetrault ◽  
F. H. Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Metal Surfaces ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Flour Beetles ◽  
Red Flour Beetles ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

Three insecticides were tested for efficacy against adult red flour beetles on painted and unpainted steel plates. Microencapsulated formulations of chlorpyrifos and diazinon provided 100% control for 47 weeks on both painted and unpainted surfaces. A lacquer-based formulation of chlorpyrifos was not as effective and could have been affected by paint. These findings have importance in the control of stored product insect pests on painted metal surfaces, including the decks of naval vessels.

Residual Efficacy of Cyfluthrin Applied Alone or in Combination with Piperonyl Butoxide or Piperonyl Butoxide + Chlorpyrifos-methyl as Protectants of Stored Corn2

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank H. Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Corn Flour ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Flour Beetle ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Seed Corn ◽  
F1 Progeny ◽  
Residual Efficacy

Pioneer variety ‘3320’ seed corn, treated with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 ppm cyfluthrin, each rate of cyfluthrin + 8.0 ppm piperonyl butoxide, or each rate of cyfluthrin + 8.0 ppm piperonyl butoxide + 6.0 ppm chlorpyrifosmethyl, was stored for 10 months at ambient conditions in south Georgia. Every 2 months the corn was sampled and bioassayed with maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky), and red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Maize weevil survival on corn treated with 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 ppm cyfluthrin ranged from 39.5 to 76.0%, 4.0 to 29.5%, and 1.0 to 11.5%, respectively. Weevils did not survive exposure on corn treated with 2.0 ppm cyfluthrin, each rate of cyfluthrin + piperonyl butoxide, or each rate of cyfluthrin + piperonyl butoxide + chlorpyrifos-methyl. F1 progeny and dockage (ground corn flour and insect frass) in incubated bioassays were correlated with initial survival. Red flour beetle survival on corn treated with cyfluthrin alone or cyfluthrin + piperonyl butoxide was variable throughout the test, although survival at any bioassay usually decreased as the rate of cyfluthrin increased. However, no F1 adults or dockage was detected in any incubated bioassay from the 12 chemical treatments.

Evaluation of Esfenvalerate Aerosol for Control of Stored Product Insect Pests2

1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank H. Arthur ◽  
Hagen B. Gillenwater
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Plodia Interpunctella ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Cadra Cautella ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Flour Beetles ◽  
Ephestia Elutella ◽  
Biological Effectiveness ◽  
Red Flour Beetles

An aerosol containing 0.25% AI esfenvalerate, 1.25% piperonyl butoxide synergist, 18.50% oil solvent and 80.00% freon was tested against adults of some of the major insect pest species infesting stored peanuts and stored tobacco. Application at 0.03 g AI per 28.3 m3 killed at least 99% of the almond moths, Cadra cautella (Walker), Indianmeal moths, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), and tobacco moths, Ephestia elutella (Hübner). Red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) mortality was 100% at application rates of 0.03 and 0.05 g per 28.3 m3. This was the least susceptible beetle species that was tested. Red flour beetles were knocked down at a rate of 0.013 g per 28.3 m3, and a second application of the same rate killed all survivors. The biological effectiveness of esfenvalerate compares favorably with dichlorvos, which is currently used as an aerosol control in peanut and tobacco storages.

Female multiple mating for fertility assurance in red flour beetles (Tribolium castaneum)

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 913-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditi Pai ◽  
Lauren Bennett ◽  
Guiyun Yan
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Multiple Mating ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Adult Offspring ◽  
Sperm Viability ◽  
Offspring Production ◽  
Multiple Partners ◽  
Flour Beetles ◽  
Sperm Depletion ◽  
Red Flour Beetles

The costs of mating with multiple partners include expenditure of energy and time and a reduction in lifespan, but females of many taxa mate with several different partners shortly after their first copulation. Often it is not clear what females gain from this behaviour. In this study, we used the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum Herbst, 1797) to test the hypothesis that females mate with multiple males for fertility assurance because the first copulation often does not lead to offspring production. We found that the probability of producing offspring, as measured by the proportion of females that produced offspring, was not affected by multiple mating when females were mated to virgin partners. However, when females were mated to nonvirgin partners, multiple mating led to an increased probability of producing offspring. To establish the mechanism through which multiple mating enhanced the probability of producing offspring, we further investigated whether this result was observed because multiple mating provided genetically compatible sperm or because it provided sufficient sperm. Viability of larvae from multiply mated females was higher than that of larvae from singly mated females, but the total number of adult offspring produced was not significantly different between the two groups. The capacity of males to inseminate females decreased in successive matings after the initial copulation, suggesting that ineffective copulations between virgin females and nonvirgin males are likely due to male sperm depletion. Therefore, mating with multiple males increased the probability that females would produce offspring and served as fertility assurance.

scholarly journals Infection routes matter in population-specific responses of the red flour beetle to the entomopathogen Bacillus thuringiensis

BMC Genomics ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Behrens ◽  
Robert Peuß ◽  
Barbara Milutinović ◽  
Hendrik Eggert ◽  
Daniela Esser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Flour Beetle
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