Aphid Resistance and Leaf Surface Chemistry of Sugar Ester Producing Tobaccos1

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Johnson ◽  
V. A. Sisson ◽  
M. E. Snook ◽  
B. A. Fortnum ◽  
D. M. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Aphid Resistance ◽  
Sugar Ester ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Sugar Esters ◽  
Leaf Surface Chemistry ◽  
Different Types

Sugar ester producing tobacco lines were evaluated for aphid resistance and other surface chemicals. The cembrenoid and labdenoid diterpenes, α- and β-4,8,13-duvatrien-1-ols, α- and β-4,8,13-duvatriene-1,3-diols, (12Z)-labda-12,14-diene-8α-ol (cis-abienol), (13E)-labda-13-ene-8α,15-diol (labdenediol), docosanol, and sugar esters were quantified using high pressure liquid chromatography and compared with aphid infestation ratings. Regression analysis of aphid [Myzus persicae (Sulzer)] infestation rating and leaf surface chemistry was statistically significant and showed that surface chemicals were important in explaining the observed variation in the aphid infestation ratings. A significant negative correlation was found between aphid ratings and sugar ester levels among the 62 entries evaluated (r = −0.2758, P = 0.0301). α and β monols (α- and β-4,8,13-duvatrien-1-ols) were also significantly correlated with aphid infestations in this study (r = −0.2743, P = 0.0310 and r = −0.2797, P= 0.0109, respectively). None of the other surface chemicals were statistically correlated with aphid resistance. Although high sugar ester levels were correlated with aphid resistance, not all tobacco entries with high levels of sugar esters, such as Tl 1568 were resistant. This would suggest that there may be different types of sugar esters present in these tobaccos, and total sugar ester levels alone could not be used to predict aphid resistance. Also, some tobacco lines, like Tl 1674 and Tl 59 with lower sugar ester levels, were resistant in this study because of high monol levels. The ten tobacco entries with the highest levels of sugar esters in this study were Tl 698, Tl 675, Tl 704, Tl 998, Tl 193, JA 389, Tl 722R, Tl 1092, Tl 711, and Tl 1007. All of these lines exhibited high levels of aphid resistance, but some also had low-to-moderate levels of monols that may have elevated the aphid resistance level. A number of these tobaccos could be used for production of natural sugar ester biorationals or used in a breeding program for development of aphid resistant cultivars.

scholarly journals Association of Epicuticular Sugars with Aphid Resistance in Hybrids with Wild Tomato

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Goffreda ◽  
J.C. Steffens ◽  
M.A. Mutschler
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Aphid Resistance ◽  
Sugar Ester ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Sugar Esters ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Efficient Selection

Behavioral studies have shown that aphid resistance in Lycopersicon pennellii (Corr.) D'Arcy is due to the presence of sugar esters in glandular exudate of the type IV trichomes. In this study, various methods for the estimation of epicuticular sugar ester concentrations were examined. There was a significant negative relationship between the concentration of sugar esters on the leaf and the level of potato aphid infestation in a segregating L. esculentum × L. pannellii F2 population. Selection for sugar ester accumulation should be an efficient selection technique for the aphid resistance of L. pennellii and other species that synthesize epicuticular sugar esters.

scholarly journals Distortion of trichome morphology by the hairless mutation of tomato affects leaf surface chemistry

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 1053-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Ho Kang ◽  
Feng Shi ◽  
A. Daniel Jones ◽  
M. David Marks ◽  
Gregg A. Howe
Keyword(s):  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Leaf Surface Chemistry ◽  
Trichome Morphology

scholarly journals Modeling the dynamic chemical interactions of atmospheric ammonia and other trace gases with measured leaf surface wetness in a managed grassland canopy

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 2505-2539 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Burkhardt ◽  
C. R. Flechard ◽  
F. Gresens ◽  
M. E. Mattsson ◽  
P. A. C. Jongejan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Leaf Wetness ◽  
Surface Wetness ◽  
Leaf Surface Chemistry ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Ammonia Source ◽  
Ammonia Exchange

Abstract. Ammonia exchange fluxes between grassland and the atmosphere were modeled on the basis of stomatal compensation points and leaf surface chemistry, and compared with measured fluxes during the GRAMINAE intensive measurement campaign in spring 2000 near Braunschweig, Germany. Leaf wetness and dew chemistry in grassland were measured together with ammonia fluxes and apoplastic NH4+ and H+ concentration, and the data were used to apply, validate and further develop an existing model of leaf surface chemistry and ammonia exchange. The leaf surface water storage was calculated from measured leaf wetness data using an exponential parameterisation. The measurement period was divided into three phases: a relatively wet phase followed by a dry phase in the first week before the grass was cut, and a second drier week after the cut. While the first two phases were mainly characterised by ammonia deposition and occasional short emission events, regular events of strong ammonia emissions were observed during the post-cut period. A single-layer resistance model including dynamic cuticular and stomatal exchange could describe the fluxes well before and after the cut, but unrealistically high stomatal compensation points were needed after the cut in order to match measured fluxes. Significant improvements were obtained when a second layer was introduced into the model, to account for the large additional ammonia source inherent in the leaf litter at the bottom of the grass canopy.

Changes in the Leaf Surface Chemistry ofApium graveolens(Apiaceae) stimulated by jasmonic acid and perceived by a specialist insect

1997 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 1408-1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Stanjek ◽  
Christian Herhaus ◽  
Ulf Ritgen ◽  
Wilhelm Boland ◽  
Erich Städler
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Leaf Surface Chemistry ◽  
Specialist Insect

Analysis of aNicotiana tabacumL. Genomic Region Controlling Two Leaf Surface Chemistry Traits

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 294-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Vontimitta ◽  
David A. Danehower ◽  
Tyler Steede ◽  
Hyunsook S. Moon ◽  
Ramsey S. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Leaf Surface Chemistry

Comparative leaf surface chemistry from Senecio cerberoanus and Senecio viscosissimus

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
>>fnm>Alejandro Urzúa ◽  
Luz Andrade ◽  
Leonora Mendoza ◽  
Fernando Bustos
Keyword(s):  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Leaf Surface Chemistry

scholarly journals Modelling the dynamic chemical interactions of atmospheric ammonia with leaf surface wetness in a managed grassland canopy

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Burkhardt ◽  
C. R. Flechard ◽  
F. Gresens ◽  
M. Mattsson ◽  
P. A. C. Jongejan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Leaf Wetness ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Surface Wetness ◽  
Leaf Transpiration ◽  
Leaf Surface Chemistry ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Ammonia Exchange

Abstract. Ammonia exchange fluxes between grassland and the atmosphere were modelled on the basis of stomatal compensation points and leaf surface chemistry, and compared with measured fluxes during the GRAMINAE intensive measurement campaign in spring 2000 near Braunschweig, Germany. Leaf wetness and dew chemistry in grassland were measured together with ammonia fluxes and apoplastic NH4+ and H+ concentration, and the data were used to apply, validate and further develop an existing model of leaf surface chemistry and ammonia exchange. Foliar leaf wetness which is known to affect ammonia fluxes may be persistent after the end of rainfall, or sustained by recondensation of water vapour originating from the ground or leaf transpiration, so measured leaf wetness values were included in the model. pH and ammonium concentrations of dew samples collected from grass were compared to modelled values. The measurement period was divided into three phases: a relatively wet phase followed by a dry phase in the first week before the grass was cut, and a second drier week after the cut. While the first two phases were mainly characterised by ammonia deposition and occasional short emission events, regular events of strong ammonia emissions were observed during the post-cut period. A single-layer resistance model including dynamic cuticular and stomatal exchange could describe the fluxes well before the cut, but after the cut the stomatal compensation points needed to numerically match measured fluxes were much higher than the ones measured by bioassays, suggesting another source of ammonia fluxes. Considerably better agreement both in the direction and the size range of fluxes were obtained when a second layer was introduced into the model, to account for the large additional ammonia source inherent in the leaf litter at the bottom of the grass canopy. Therefore, this was found to be a useful extension of the mechanistic dynamic chemistry model by keeping the advantage of requiring relatively little site-specific information.

scholarly journals MITE DETERRENCE OF TOMATO GENOTYPES IS CLOSELY RELATED TO LEAF SURFACE CHEMISTRY

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 646a-646
Author(s):  
Zhenhua Guo ◽  
John C. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Leaf Surface Chemistry ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Chemical Profiles ◽  
The One

Choice and non-choice bioassays were used to examine deterrence in vitro and in vivo of Tetranychus urticae Koch. In vivo deterrence of leaflets from 11 Lycopersicon hirsutum accessions as well as the tomato cultivar `Ace 55' was measured as was in vitro deterrence of their leaf hexane extracts. Leaf surface chemistry was examined by gas chromatography. All 6 accessions of L. hirsutum f. hirsutum contained sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. Each of these extracts also contained one or a few late eluting components. All were deterrent in vitro and 5 out of the 6 were deterrent in vivo. The one lacking in vivo deterrence had low density of type IV trichomes. All 5 accessions of L. hirsutum f. glabratum contained methyl ketones. These accessions were less deterrent in vitro and 4 out of the 5, less deterrent in vivo. The one accession having high in vivo deterrence also had high density of type IV trichomes. `Ace 55', having few hexane extractable compounds was neither deterrent in vitro nor in vivo. Within an accession, secretions from different types of trichomes shared similar chemical profiles and were similar to leaf profiles.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document