Fenhexamid - an efficient and inexpensive fungicide for selection of Magnaporthe oryzae transformants

Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most economically important phytopathogenic fungi, and is used as a model organism to study plant-pathogen interactions. To unravel the infection process, forward and reverse genetic approaches are essential, but are often hindered by the lack of a straightforward selection procedure for transformants. Here we report on the use of fenhexamid, an inhibitor of ergosterol biosynthesis, for selection of M. oryzae transformants. An allele of the sterol 3-ketoreductase gene of Fusarium fujikuroi (FfERG27), known to confer resistance to fenhexamid, has already been used successfully with transformants of Botrytis cinerea. Our results demonstrate that expression of the FfERG27 allele in M. oryzae also enables highly efficient selection of transformants on fenhexamid-containing media. The use of fenhexamid is an inexpensive alternative for selection as compared to commonly used antibiotics like hygromycin. No impact on growth and infection phenotypes of fenhexamid resistant M. oryzae mutants was detected, which underpins its usefulness for selecting M. oryzae transformants.

COMPLEMENTARY TOOLS UTILIZED IN THE PEA (Pisum sativum L.) BREEDING PROGRAM AT UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE ROSARIO

Conventional breeding can be complemented by different strategies that increase the efficiency of the methodologies and the current rate of increase in yields in order to meet demand. The use of molecular markers with the aim of developing linkage maps of the species, the use of Blup (Best Linear Unbiased Prediction) for an efficient selection of progenitors to hybridize, the use of in vitro culture to artificially increase the number of F1 plants or the use of digital phenotyping for efficient digital characterization that can be performed during the periodic and routine regeneration of accessions in germplasm collections. Key words: Molecular markers, Blup, in vitro culture, digital phenotyping.

Class-Switching of B Lymphocytes by DNA and Cell Immunization for Stereospecific Monoclonal Antibodies against Native GPCR

To develop efficient applications of monoclonal antibodies for therapeutic purposes, stereospecific recognition of the target antigens is needed. DNA immunization is one of the best methods for sensitizing B lymphocytes that can produce conformation-specific antibodies. Here we verified the class-switching of monoclonal antibodies by DNA immunization followed by cell immunization for the generation of stereospecific monoclonal antibodies against native G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) using the optimized stereospecific targeting (SST) technique. This technology facilitates the efficient selection of sensitized B lymphocytes through specific interaction with the intact antigen via B-cell receptors (BCRs). We demonstrate that multiple DNA immunizations followed by a single cell immunization in combination with a longer sensitization period (three to four months) are an appropriate sensitizing strategy for the generation of IgG-type stereospecific monoclonal antibodies by class-switching, and the characteristics of antibody production could be transferred to hybridoma cells provided by the optimized SST technique.

Heritability of quantitative characters of local black rice (Oryza sativa L.) results of generation F3

Local Black rice is a food crop variety that has a low productivity level and a longer planting time than other colored rice. In addition, black rice contains anthocyanins, which are antioxidant molecules that can counteract free radicals in the human body. Anthocyanin levels can be increased by producing full black potential lines. Effective and efficient selection with heritability analysis. This study aims to determine the heritability of the agronomic character of black rice from the F3 generation line. The study was conducted in the Manipi Sinjai rice field in February – August 2020. The experiment used was a completely randomized design, there were 17 lines with 3 replications. The data obtained were analyzed by means of variance, and if there was a significant effect of treatment, further tests were carried out with the BNT 0.05 test. In addition, the heritability of the observed characters was determined. The results showed that the character of plant height in the flowering phase, days to 50% flowering, and the percentage of grain with full black endosperm had heritability values with high criteria.

STAT: a fast, scalable, MinHash-based k-mer tool to assess Sequence Read Archive next-generation sequence submissions

Sequence Read Archive submissions to the National Center for Biotechnology Information often lack useful metadata, which limits the utility of these submissions. We describe the Sequence Taxonomic Analysis Tool (STAT), a scalable k-mer-based tool for fast assessment of taxonomic diversity intrinsic to submissions, independent of metadata. We show that our MinHash-based k-mer tool is accurate and scalable, offering reliable criteria for efficient selection of data for further analysis by the scientific community, at once validating submissions while also augmenting sample metadata with reliable, searchable, taxonomic terms.

Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Smartphone Kelas Bawah Terbaik pada Toko Bram Cell dengan Metode Simple Additive Weighting (SAW)

Bram Cell store is a store that sells various types of low-end smartphones at affordable prices. However, the problem faced by the Bram Cell Store is processing data in selecting the best low-end smartphone, because there is no special system for selecting the best low-end smartphone, so it takes a long time to determine. To overcome this problem, this research was conducted with the aim of building a Decision Support System (DSS) by applying the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method which is useful for simplifying the smartphone selection process. The design of a decision support system using the SAW method produces applications that perform effective and efficient selection. The impact of this research is helping Bram Cell in selecting the best low-end smartphone and minimizing selection errors used in the previous systemKeywords: Decision Support System, Weight Product, Fabric

A review of genetic mapping of root depth in rice

Rice (Oryza sativa. L) is considered one of the most important cereal crops for human nutrition. It is required that rice production more than doubles to feed this growing population. To achieve that, better understanding of the root system will be required. It is very complex work to dissect specific genes which control the root structure variation due to the high adaptive plasticity of root development and the practical difficulty in phenotyping root traits and this represents a bottleneck for the efficient selection of specific root ideotypes. The main focus of this review is comparative evaluation of genetic mapping of rooting depth in rice based on QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) study. Moreover, we will review the shortcomings and benefits of current genetic mapping procedure, as well as the future study to overcome these shortcomings.

Finding Needles in a Haystack: Using Geo-References to Enhance the Selection and Utilization of Landraces in Breeding for Climate-Resilient Cultivars of Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

The genetic uniformity of cultivated cotton as a consequence of domestication and modern breeding makes it extremely vulnerable to abiotic challenges brought about by major climate shifts. To sustain productivity amidst worsening agro-environments, future breeding objectives need to seriously consider introducing new genetic variation from diverse resources into the current germplasm base of cotton. Landraces are genetically heterogeneous, population complexes that have been primarily selected for their adaptability to specific localized or regional environments. This makes them an invaluable genetic resource of novel allelic diversity that can be exploited to enhance the resilience of crops to marginal environments. The utilization of cotton landraces in breeding programs are constrained by the phenology of the plant and the lack of phenotypic information that can facilitate efficient selection of potential donor parents for breeding. In this review, the genetic value of cotton landraces and the major challenges in their utilization in breeding are discussed. Two strategies namely Focused Identification of Germplasm Strategy and Environmental Association Analysis that have been developed to effectively screen large germplasm collections for accessions with adaptive traits using geo-reference-based, mathematical modelling are highlighted. The potential applications of both approaches in mining available cotton landrace collections are also presented.