scholarly journals Association of Epicuticular Sugars with Aphid Resistance in Hybrids with Wild Tomato

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Goffreda ◽  
J.C. Steffens ◽  
M.A. Mutschler
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Aphid Resistance ◽  
Sugar Ester ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Sugar Esters ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Efficient Selection

Behavioral studies have shown that aphid resistance in Lycopersicon pennellii (Corr.) D'Arcy is due to the presence of sugar esters in glandular exudate of the type IV trichomes. In this study, various methods for the estimation of epicuticular sugar ester concentrations were examined. There was a significant negative relationship between the concentration of sugar esters on the leaf and the level of potato aphid infestation in a segregating L. esculentum × L. pannellii F2 population. Selection for sugar ester accumulation should be an efficient selection technique for the aphid resistance of L. pennellii and other species that synthesize epicuticular sugar esters.

Aphid Resistance and Leaf Surface Chemistry of Sugar Ester Producing Tobaccos1

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Johnson ◽  
V. A. Sisson ◽  
M. E. Snook ◽  
B. A. Fortnum ◽  
D. M. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Aphid Resistance ◽  
Sugar Ester ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Sugar Esters ◽  
Leaf Surface Chemistry ◽  
Different Types

Sugar ester producing tobacco lines were evaluated for aphid resistance and other surface chemicals. The cembrenoid and labdenoid diterpenes, α- and β-4,8,13-duvatrien-1-ols, α- and β-4,8,13-duvatriene-1,3-diols, (12Z)-labda-12,14-diene-8α-ol (cis-abienol), (13E)-labda-13-ene-8α,15-diol (labdenediol), docosanol, and sugar esters were quantified using high pressure liquid chromatography and compared with aphid infestation ratings. Regression analysis of aphid [Myzus persicae (Sulzer)] infestation rating and leaf surface chemistry was statistically significant and showed that surface chemicals were important in explaining the observed variation in the aphid infestation ratings. A significant negative correlation was found between aphid ratings and sugar ester levels among the 62 entries evaluated (r = −0.2758, P = 0.0301). α and β monols (α- and β-4,8,13-duvatrien-1-ols) were also significantly correlated with aphid infestations in this study (r = −0.2743, P = 0.0310 and r = −0.2797, P= 0.0109, respectively). None of the other surface chemicals were statistically correlated with aphid resistance. Although high sugar ester levels were correlated with aphid resistance, not all tobacco entries with high levels of sugar esters, such as Tl 1568 were resistant. This would suggest that there may be different types of sugar esters present in these tobaccos, and total sugar ester levels alone could not be used to predict aphid resistance. Also, some tobacco lines, like Tl 1674 and Tl 59 with lower sugar ester levels, were resistant in this study because of high monol levels. The ten tobacco entries with the highest levels of sugar esters in this study were Tl 698, Tl 675, Tl 704, Tl 998, Tl 193, JA 389, Tl 722R, Tl 1092, Tl 711, and Tl 1007. All of these lines exhibited high levels of aphid resistance, but some also had low-to-moderate levels of monols that may have elevated the aphid resistance level. A number of these tobaccos could be used for production of natural sugar ester biorationals or used in a breeding program for development of aphid resistant cultivars.

Globalization, Poverty, Environmental Degradation and Economic Growth Nexus: Empirical Analysis of SAARC Regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adiqa Kiani ◽  
Ejaz Ullah ◽  
Khair Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
The Impact

The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of poverty, globalization, and environmental degradation on economic growth in the selected SAARC countries. This study is employed panel Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) technique for empirical analysis using selected SAARC regions including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka over the period of 1980 to 2018. Globalization impacts economic growth positively and significantly.  In addition to this the significant negative relationship is found between population and economic growth. The results show that poverty is positively related with environmental degradation. Furthermore, the results indicate that globalization is positively and significantly associated with environmental degradation in the SAARC region. Finally, the results show that urbanization is positive and significantly associated with environmental degradation, which could be the serious concerns for the policy makers to control.

Crop infestation by aphids is related to flight activity detected with 75 metre high suction traps

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A.J. Teulon ◽  
M.A.W. Stufkens ◽  
J.D. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Suction Traps ◽  
Suction Trap ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
High Suction

The flight activity of aphid pests of wheat potato lettuce and squash is currently monitored in New Zealand using 75 m suction traps However there has been little research comparing aphid suction trap catches with crop infestation levels The relationship between the average number of aphids (Rhopalosiphum padi) sampled from wheat plants and the average number of aphids caught in weekly 75 m suction trap samples was examined A significant positive relationship indicated that numbers of aphids caught in suction traps reflected the numbers of aphids infesting wheat fields In another experiment potato aphid flights (mostly Myzus persicae) caught in a 75 m suction trap were compared with a nearby windvane trap Aphid numbers in both traps reflected similar trends However the suction trap caught approximately 10 times more aphids than the windvane trap Thus 75 m suction traps provide a useful tool for assessing aphid infestation levels in crops

Organization-Based Self-Esteem Affects Employees' Exchange Relationship Perceptions and Extrarole Behavior

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Exchange Relationship ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

The 2 types of exchange relationship perceptions—social exchange relationship perceptions (SERPs) and economic exchange relationship perceptions (EERPs)—constitute the primary concept for understanding individual behavior in the workplace. Using a sample of 581 employees from Mainland China, I explored the effects of SERPs and EERPs on employee extrarole behavior (ERB), as well as the moderating effect of organization-based self-esteem (OBSE) on the relationships between SERPs and ERB, and between EERPs and ERB. The results revealed a significant positive relationship between SERPs and ERB, a significant negative relationship between EERPs and ERB, and a significant moderating effect for OBSE. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Financial Performance of Iranian Banks from 2013 to 2019: A Panel Data Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Pejman Ebrahimi ◽  
Maria Fekete-Farkas ◽  
Parisa Bouzari ◽  
Róbert Magda
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Research Population

It is widely believed that the financial system is dependent on the banking industry, and its strength and development are vital for economic prosperity. This paper tried to show the financial performance of Iranian banks listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) during 2013–2019, as the research population. The statistical population included 18 banks listed on the TSE from 2013 to 2019, which were sampled using a screening method. The results indicated a significant relationship between explanatory variables of capital ratio and the financial performance of banks in all models. However, a significant negative relationship was found between the inflation rate and the financial performance of banks in all models. Furthermore, it seems that banks with high asset strength are more profitable than the others. Regulators should guarantee that banks remain highly capitalized for a viable banking sector in Iran.

scholarly journals Young L2 learners’ online processing of information in a graded reader during reading-only and reading-while-listening conditions: A study of eye-movements

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Serrano ◽  
Ana Pellicer-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Reading Fluency ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Auditory Input ◽  
Reading Tests ◽  
Textual Information ◽  
Multimodal Texts ◽  
Time Processing ◽  
Online Processing ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship

AbstractCombining reading with auditory input has been shown to be an effective way of supporting reading fluency and reading comprehension in a second language. Previous research has also shown that reading comprehension can be further supported by pictorial information. However, the studies conducted so far have mainly included adults or adolescents and have been based on post-reading tests that, although informative, do not contribute to our understanding of how learners’ processing of the several sources of input in multimodal texts changes with the presence of auditory input and the effect that potential differences could have on comprehension. The present study used eye-tracking to examine how young learners process the pictorial and textual information in a graded reader under reading only and reading-while-listening conditions. Results showed that readers spent more time processing the text in the reading only condition, while more time was spent processing the images in the reading-while-listening mode. Nevertheless, comprehension scores were similar for the readers in the two conditions. Additionally, our results suggested a significant (negative) relationship between the amount of time learners spent processing the text and comprehension scores in both modes.

Workplace disability and job satisfaction in Britain: A co-worker test?

2021 ◽  
pp. 0143831X2110142
Author(s):  
Getinet Astatike Haile
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Organisational Culture ◽  
Seemingly Unrelated Regression ◽  
Unrelated Regression ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Using Data

The article examines the link between workplace disability (WD) and workplace job satisfaction (JS) using data from WERS2011. Controlling for a rich set of workplace characteristics including organisational culture, the study finds a significant negative relationship between JS and the share of disabled respondents within workplaces. Notably, Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR)-based analysis distinguishing between disabled and non-disabled respondents reveals that the negative relationship found is specific to non-disabled respondents. Moreover, disability equality policies are found to be significantly positively related with disabled respondents’ JS while they are negatively related with the JS of their non-disabled counterparts. The article ponders if there is a co-worker aspect to the WD–JS link and whether HR policies may need to take heed of co-worker dynamics in this respect.

A-161 Swiping Left on External Reminders, Internal Monitoring, and Recollections: Level of Importance Predicts Greater Likelihood of Prospective Memory Success during Smartphone Use

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1216-1216
Author(s):  
Holly E Cooke ◽  
Claudia Jacova
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Monitoring Strategies ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Perceived Importance ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
Event Based ◽  
Level Of Importance

Abstract Objective This study aimed to understand the implications that smartphones have for prospective memory (PM) performance. We examined normal adults’ performance on an event-based PM task embedded in an online survey, and its relationship with the PM strategies used prior to the PM cue. Method Participants included 349 individuals aged >18— (M = 38.31; SD = 11.15); 62% male; non-Hispanic (83.38%); with education = HS diploma or less (8.31%), some college (12.61%), and college degree (79.08%)—recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk. Participants completed the survey on their smartphones. The PM task required participants to respond “N/A” to a question presented later in the survey. Follow-up questions were asked about the use of external reminders, internal monitoring, recollections, and level of importance participants attributed to the PM task. Results One third of participants were successful on the PM task. Of those who had PM success, 11.50% used external reminders, 53.10% used internal monitoring strategies, 62.83% had recollections, and 95.56% considered the task at least somewhat important to remember. Logistic regression revealed that non-Hispanic ethnicity, ≤ high school education, and high perceived importance predicted PM success (Table 1). Interestingly, 40% of individuals with PM failure used external reminders, showing a significant negative relationship with PM success. Conclusions We found that external reminders, internal monitoring, and recollections may make PM success less likely during smartphone use—strategies which were associated with PM success in previous research. Only perceived importance predicted PM success, akin to previous findings. Implications reveal that smartphones may change the demands of PM tasks.

Entering the Mental Backstage: Mindfulness and Mind-Wandering among Performing Artists

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 2068-2071
Author(s):  
Avneet Kaur ◽  
Shwetha T.S
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Performing Artists ◽  
Creative Processes ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Significant Difference

Existing literature has explored the role of mindfulness and mind-wandering on creative processes. However, it has overlooked the diversity in the creative domains as well as the experience of the artist while accounting for their relationship. In the present study, mindfulness and mind wandering- deliberate and spontaneous were explored among performing artists, i.e. musicians, theatre artists, and dancers. The study also looked at the artists’ experience in their field. After an initial screening using a creativity tool, 66 performing artists were recruited, following which two self-report indices that assessed mind wandering and mindfulness were administered. The data collected was subjected to quantitative data analysis in SPSS. A Oneway ANOVA showed significant effect of the creative domain on mindfulness for the three groups, with a significant difference between musicians and dancers. Among the musicians, a significant negative relationship between mind wandering spontaneous and years of experience was seen. Among the dancers, there was a significant positive association between mind wandering spontaneous, mind wandering deliberate and years of experience. The current study highlighted the need to approach the study of creativity using a contextual perspective. Keywords: Creativity, Dance, Music, Theatre.

Incidental specialised vocabulary acquisition: a case of incidental medical terms acquisition from students’ perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Abdullah Ghobain ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Medical Terms ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Technical Terms

This study observes a particular group of students learning medical terms (MT) implicitly through studying medical subjects. That is, based on the policy followed in the context of the study, students shall not receive any deliberate terms instruction. This paper investigates their experiences and attitudes towards acquiring MT in such a situation. Students’ acquisition and proficiency, hypothesizing a positive relationship between the two constructs, are self-assessed through pre- and post-test surveys. The surveys included 114 and 95 students in each phase, respectively. Prior to the surveys, focus group discussions were conducted, according to which the questionnaire was developed. A statistical correlational Pearson test was done to examine the relationship between students’ proficiency and incidental terms acquisition. The results indicated a significant negative relationship between the two constructs tested. The study also tested the effect of time on increasing acquisition through conducting a paired independent t-test between the two sets of data. The results found that a more extended period was significant to incidental acquisition. Overall, through comparing the means, modes, and medians in the two phases (pre- and post-test), the findings reveal an increase in the students’ terms acquisition volume. However, students seem not to favour the approach and still advocate explicit instruction for technical terms.

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