Resistance Development in Pink Bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) to Bt Cotton and Resistance Management Strategies

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1296-1302
Author(s):  
Sree Latha Edpuganti ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Pink Bollworm ◽  
Pectinophora Gossypiella ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Resistance Development

scholarly journals Indian scenario on the occurrence of a dreaded insect pest Pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella on Bt cotton-A review

2022 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
G.M.V. Prasada Rao ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Pink Bollworm ◽  
Pectinophora Gossypiella ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Cry Toxins ◽  
Indian Populations ◽  
Indian Scenario

The pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella, has become a significant production constraint on Bt cotton in India. This problem is unique to India because the pest has developed multi-fold resistance to Cry toxins in many Indian populations but not in other countries. Most Indian populations have developed multifold resistance to Cry 1 Ac and Cry 1Ac + Cry 2 Ab toxins. Year-round cultivation of long-duration Bt cotton hybrids on a large scale has a pronounced impact on the incidence. Also discussed other factors responsible for the occurrence of pink bollworm on Bt cotton in India. Insecticide Resistance Management (IRM) strategies implemented by different cotton-growing countries globally; the USA, India, and China had a significant impact on the interaction of pink bollworm on Bt cotton. Huge selection pressure resulted in resistance to Cry toxins. Time-tested IPM, if implemented on a community basis focusing on pheromones technology and closed season, will help sustain the cotton cultivation in India in the future. Thus, this review aims to congregate exhaustive information on the history, biology, resistance to Bt cotton, and Integrated Management (IPM) options for the Indian scenario, which would help researchers in their future endeavors.

scholarly journals Hybridizing transgenic Bt cotton with non-Bt cotton counters resistance in pink bollworm

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (21) ◽  
pp. 5413-5418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Wan ◽  
Dong Xu ◽  
Shengbo Cong ◽  
Yuying Jiang ◽  
Yunxin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Pink Bollworm ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Bt Toxin ◽  
Random Mixture ◽  
Cotton Plants ◽  
Evolution Of Resistance ◽  
Insecticide Sprays

Extensive cultivation of crops genetically engineered to produce insecticidal proteins from the bacteriumBacillus thuringiensis(Bt) has suppressed some major pests, reduced insecticide sprays, enhanced pest control by natural enemies, and increased grower profits. However, these benefits are being eroded by evolution of resistance in pests. We report a strategy for combating resistance by crossing transgenic Bt plants with conventional non-Bt plants and then crossing the resulting first-generation (F1) hybrid progeny and sowing the second-generation (F2) seeds. This strategy yields a random mixture within fields of three-quarters of plants that produce Bt toxin and one-quarter that does not. We hypothesized that the non-Bt plants in this mixture promote survival of susceptible insects, thereby delaying evolution of resistance. To test this hypothesis, we compared predictions from computer modeling with data monitoring pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella) resistance to Bt toxin Cry1Ac produced by transgenic cotton in an 11-y study at 17 field sites in six provinces of China. The frequency of resistant individuals in the field increased before this strategy was widely deployed and then declined after its widespread adoption boosted the percentage of non-Bt cotton plants in the region. The correspondence between the predicted and observed outcomes implies that this strategy countered evolution of resistance. Despite the increased percentage of non-Bt cotton, suppression of pink bollworm was sustained. Unlike other resistance management tactics that require regulatory intervention, growers adopted this strategy voluntarily, apparently because of advantages that may include better performance as well as lower costs for seeds and insecticides.

scholarly journals Novel RNA Viruses from the Transcriptome of Pheromone Glands in the Pink Bollworm Moth, Pectinophora gossypiella

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 556
Author(s):  
Xiaoyi Dou ◽  
Sijun Liu ◽  
Victoria Soroker ◽  
Ally Harari ◽  
Russell Jurenka
Keyword(s):  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Pink Bollworm ◽  
Pectinophora Gossypiella ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Viral Sequences ◽  
Negative Sense ◽  
Pink Bollworm Moth

In this study, we analyzed the transcriptome obtained from the pheromone gland isolated from two Israeli populations of the pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella to identify viral sequences. The lab population and the field samples carried the same viral sequences. We discovered four novel viruses: two positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses, Pectinophora gossypiella virus 1 (PecgV1, a virus of Iflaviridae) and Pectinophora gossypiella virus 4 (PecgV4, unclassified), and two negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses, Pectinophora gossypiella virus 2 (PecgV2, a virus of Phasmaviridae) and Pectinophora gossypiella virus 3 (PecgV3, a virus of Phenuiviridae). In addition, sequences derived from two negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses that belong to Mononegavirales were found in the data. Analysis of previous transcriptome sequencing data derived from the midgut of pink bollworm larvae of a USA population only identified PecgV1, but no other viruses. High viral sequence coverages of PecgV1 and PecgV4 were observed in both field and lab populations. This is the first report of viral sequences discovered from the pink bollworm. Results from this investigation suggest that the pink bollworm harbors multiple viruses. Further investigation of the viral pathogens may help to develop novel pest management strategies for control of the pink bollworm.

scholarly journals Comparative Biology of Pink Bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella Saund. on Bt. and Non-Bt. Cotton

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-121
Author(s):  
Imran Ali Rajput ◽  
Abdul Mubeen Lodhi ◽  
Tajwer Sultana Syed ◽  
Ghulam Hussain Abro ◽  
Imran Khatri
Keyword(s):  
Larval Instar ◽  
Pink Bollworm ◽  
Pectinophora Gossypiella ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Larval Duration ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Pupal Period ◽  
Mortality Percentage

Effect of Bt. and non-Bt. cotton variety was investigated on biological parameters of pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella. In biological parameters, maximum larval duration of 4.5±0.07 days were recorded in the first instar on non-Bt. cotton and minimum 2.00±0.06 days in fourth larval instar on Bt. cotton. The larval weight was higher (20.24±1.74 mg) on non-Bt. and minimum on Bt. cotton (13.84±1.34 mg); meanwhile the maximum pupal weight of 23.46±0.55 mg was weighed on non-Bt. cotton and minimum 17.41±0.44 mg on Bt. cotton. A total period of 18.44±0.55 day’s adult female lived on non-Bt. cotton and15.44±0.43 on Bt. cotton. The overall maximum mean numbers of 119±1.99 eggs were observed on non-Bt. cotton as compared to Bt. cotton. Similarly, ovipositional rate was also higher (8.04±0.19 eggs/ female/day) on non-Bt. cotton. The maximum larval duration (11.36±0.30 days) was higher on non-Bt. cotton and minimum on Bt. cotton (8.03±0.43 days); meanwhile the maximum pupal period of 9.73±0.29 days were calculated on Bt. cotton and almost similar days of pupal period on non-Bt. cotton crop, respectively. The highest mortality percentage of all stages was found on Bt. cotton with maximum mortality percentage of 24.59% at 1st larval instar.

scholarly journals Detection and Molecular Characterization of Resistance to the Dicarboximide and Benzamide Fungicides in Botrytis cinerea From Tomato in Hubei Province, China

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (7) ◽  
pp. 1299-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Adnan ◽  
M. S. Hamada ◽  
G. Q. Li ◽  
C. X. Luo
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Fitness Parameters ◽  
The Mean

Altogether, 192 Botrytis cinerea isolates collected from tomato greenhouses at different locations in Hubei Province were evaluated for their sensitivity to fungicides procymidone and zoxamide. The mean effective concentration to cause 50% growth inhibition (EC50) values of procymidone for sensitive and resistant isolates were 0.25 and 3.60 μg/ml, respectively. The frequency of procymidone-resistant (ProR) isolates was 18%, and the highest frequency was recorded in Jingmen. Positive cross-resistance was observed for ProR isolates to other dicarboximide fungicides but not to phenylpyrroles. Significant differences were observed for fitness parameters (i.e., mycelial growth, osmotic sensitivity, and virulence between sensitive and resistant isolates). Amino acid sequence of the Bos1 gene revealed that ProR isolates carried either point mutations at codon 365 (I365S) or a pair of point mutations at codons 369 (Q369P) and 373 (N373S). For zoxamide, the mean EC50 values for sensitive and resistant isolates were 0.22 and 5.32 μg/ml, respectively. Approximately 14% of the isolates were found to be resistant to zoxamide, and the highest frequency of resistance was also observed in Jingmen. There was positive cross-resistance for zoxamide-resistant (ZoxR) isolates to carbendazim. No significant differences were observed for fitness parameters between zoxamide-sensitive and ZoxR isolates. Sequence analysis of the β-tubulin gene of Botrytis cinerea revealed two previously reported point mutations (E198A and E198K) and one new point mutation (T351I). This new mutation was detected in only those isolates which possessed the E198K but not E198A substitution. This study allows for a better understanding of the resistance development profile in Hubei Province. Results will be useful for the improvement of fungicide resistance management strategies.

scholarly journals Variation in the spatio-temporal expression of insecticidal genes in cotton

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bakhsh ◽  
K. Shahzad ◽  
T. Husnain
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Transgenic Cotton ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Temporal Expression ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The most significant breakthrough in plant biotechnology is the development of the techniques to transform genes from unrelated sources into commercially important crop plants to develop resistance against targeted insect pests. The spatio-temporal expression of insecticidal genes in transgenic cotton varies with plant age, plant parts and environmental conditions. The understanding of this temporal and spatial variation in efficacy and the resulting mechanisms is essential for cotton protection and production. This review summarizes variations in the efficacy of introduced insecticidal genes in cotton crop. The factors contributing to the variability of endotoxins have also been highlighted. The reduction in Bt protein biosynthesis in late-season cotton tissues could be attributed to the overexpression of the Bt gene at earlier stages, which leads to gene regulation at post-transcription levels and consequently results in gene silencing at a later stage. Methylation of the promoter may also play a role in the declined expression of endotoxin proteins. In genetically modified crops several environmental factors have been reported to affect the expression of transgenes. Among environmental factors nitrogen metabolism, inhibition of synthesis, degradation, remobilization and high temperature are attributable to the quantitative reduction in Bt proteins. Applying plant growth regulators or protein enhancers such as Chaperone<sup>TM</sup> may improve Bt cotton efficacy through enhancing the synthesis of proteins. Also some agronomic practices such as nitrogen fertilization and timely irrigation favour the endotoxin expression. Thus, variations in the efficacy of insecticidal genes in transgenic cotton and the involved mechanisms need to be understood fully so as to plan rational resistance management strategies to retard the rate of resistance development and to control target pests effectively by enhancing the endotoxin expression through genetic or agronomic management.

scholarly journals Incidence of Pink Bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on Flowers (Rosette) of Bt Cotton in Andhra Pradesh, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 90-97
Author(s):  
A. Appala Raju ◽  
G. M. V. Prasada Rao ◽  
V. Chinna Babu Naik ◽  
C. H. Chiranjeevi ◽  
A. K. Patibanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Pink Bollworm ◽  
Pectinophora Gossypiella ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Crop Season ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Flower Damage

The pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) has recently emerged as a serious menace on Bt cotton in India. Extensive roving surveys were conducted in 12 locations of three major cotton growing districts of Andhra Pradesh, India, to assess the level of pink bollworm infestation in Bt cotton during 2018-19 and 2019-20. The dynamics and severity of flower damage due to pink bollworm during the 60-135 days’ crop period were evaluated based on a random sampling of flowers. Survey results revealed a widespread infestation of pink bollworm on Bt cotton flowers across the surveyed sites in a range of 11.8-19.50%. With the advancement of the crop season, a progressive increase in the flower damage was observed till 120 DAS then declined. Reasons for the enhanced flower damage and implications are discussed in this article.

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