scholarly journals CONTRADICTIONS IN LEGISLATION ON MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURING OF MEDICINAL PRODUCTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Natalya A. Mozzhukhina ◽  
G. B. Yeremin ◽  
A. Yu. Lomtev
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Natural Resource Management ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Medical Waste ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Pharmaceutical Waste ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The rapid development of the pharmaceutical industry makes the impact on the environmeте to be very important. The solution of the problem is related to waste management and, accordingly, the legislative regulation of waste management at medicinal products enterprises. Materials and methods. The methods of the scientific hypothetical-deductive cognition, general logical methods, and methods of research: analysis, synthesis, abstraction, generalization, induction were applied. The objects of research were laws and regulations governing relations in the field of waste management in the production of medicines, as well as departmental letters. Results. This article analyzes the contradictions occurring in federal laws and departmental regulations related to the management of medical waste in medicinal products manufacturing, which, on the one hand, may cause the violation of citizens' rights to a healthy environment and sanitary and epidemiological well-being, on the other hand to become the reason of restrictions in development of business. The legislative definition of medical waste was shown to include, besides other things, wastes from medicinal products manufacturing, which leads to the withdrawal of pharmaceutical enterprises waste from the general field of waste legislation. At the same time, there is a transfer of regulation of medicinal products manufacturing waste management to the sanitary legislation field. However, in practice, there is a situation of double regulation by the departmental acts of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare and Federal Service for Supervision over Natural Resource Management. Discussion. The analysis of the experience in the field of the organization of pharmaceutical waste management in the foreign practice (WHO, EPA) has been introduced, where the concept of pharmaceutical waste was introduced, within which hazardous chemical waste, controlled substances (narcotic, psychotropic, hormones) and biomedical wastes are selected. Conclusion. The analysis of federal regulations, sanitary norms, and rules, norms of Federal Service for Supervision over Natural Resource Management affecting the management of waste (medical waste) in the production of medicines, shows their limited applicability to modern high-tech industries, which requires bringing the regulatory and legal acts in line and improving the standardization.

scholarly journals Conservation and natural resource management: where are all the women?

Oryx ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Robyn James ◽  
Bridget Gibbs ◽  
Laura Whitford ◽  
Craig Leisher ◽  
Ruth Konia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Natural Resource Management ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Management Institutions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract There is evidence from the development and humanitarian sectors that purposeful engagement of women can increase the impact of development. We conducted a literature review to examine whether this is also evident in conservation and natural resource management. The following themes emerged from our review: existing societal and cultural norms affect and generally limit how women can engage in conservation and natural resource management; women interact differently with the environment than men, so if they are excluded, their knowledge and perspectives on particular resources may not be considered in conservation actions; and there is often a lack of resources or dedicated effort by conservation or natural resource management programmes to understand and address the barriers that prevent women's engagement. Although there was evidence of a positive relationship between the engagement of women and environmental outcomes, some studies showed that positive conservation outcomes do not necessarily benefit women, and when women are not considered, conservation activities can perpetuate existing inequities. We conclude that although the importance of integrating gender into conservation is acknowledged in the literature, there is a need to examine how women can be meaningfully engaged in conservation. This must go beyond treating women as a homogenous group, to consider intersectionality including race, ethnicity, age, religion, poverty and disability. In addition, conservation and natural resource management institutions need to address the inclusion of women in their own staff and programmes.

Animals, Poor People and Food Insecurity: Opportunities for Improved Livelihoods through Efficient Natural Resource Management

2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Devendra ◽  
C. Chantalakhana
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Natural Resource Management ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Small Farm ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
Farm Systems

Poverty is a rural dilemma and continues to be a persistent multidimensional problem. It is associated with poor farmers, small farm systems, the landless, resource endowments, the socioeconomic environment and externalities. Over 75% of the poor live and work in rural areas, trapped in a poverty–adaptation–fragile lives–little hope–low life expectancy complex, with an enduring hope for self-reliance and a more comfortable life tomorrow. Since agricultural growth is central to improved livelihoods, strategies that focus on promoting such growth are critical: improved efficiency in natural resource management (NRM), of which animals are a part, can directly contribute to productivity enhancement and reduced poverty. It is estimated that approximately 678 million of the rural poor keep animals, within which the largest ownership of animals is seen in mixed crop–animal systems. The role and contribution of animals is discussed with reference to household benefits — current, medium-term and long-term savings, increased productivity of mixed farm systems, sustainability of agricultural systems and the environment, and enhancement of social stability. While large ruminants (buffalo and cattle) are very valuable for agriculture and farm security, milk and beef, ploughing and dung production, small animals (goats, sheep, chickens, pigs and ducks) are particularly important for nutritional and household security. The link between gender and animals is emphasized, especially the implications of the very strong relationship between women and children and small animals. This paper describes in detail characteristics of poor farmers and small farm systems. It discusses opportunities for NRM, and presents examples of data from different categories of animals and the extent of their contribution to total farm income, which in Asia ranges from 7–69%. It is concluded that improved animal production systems can increasingly make a significant contribution to improved human welfare, rural growth and reduced poverty. To achieve this, however, much more investment in agricultural research and development is necessary that can target less-favoured rainfed areas, coupled with participatory and interdisciplinary approaches, effective public–private sector partnerships, and commitment to purpose.

scholarly journals Poisson Count Models to Explain the Adoption of Agricultural and Natural Resource Management Technologies by Small Farmers in Central American Countries

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Octavio A. Ramírez ◽  
Steven D. Shultz
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Natural Resource Management ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Central American ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Count Models ◽  
Poisson Count ◽  
The Impact

AbstractEvaluations of the factors influencing the adoption of agricultural and natural resource management technologies among small farmers in developing countries have been mostly limited to qualitative discussions or simple descriptive statistics resulting in superficial and inconclusive findings. This study introduces the use of Poisson Count Regressions as a statistically appropriate procedure to analyze certain common types of adoption data. It uses them to assess the impact of key socio-economic, bio-physical, and institutional factors on the adoption of integrated pest management, agroforestry, and soil conservation technologies among small farmers in three Central American countries: Costa Rica, Panama, and El Salvador.

Assessing impacts of environmental peacebuilding in Caquetá, Colombia: a multistakeholder perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-199
Author(s):  
Héctor Morales-Muñoz ◽  
Katharina Löhr ◽  
Michelle Bonatti ◽  
Luca Eufemia ◽  
Stefan Sieber
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Natural Resource Management ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Peace Agreement ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A major challenge in the field of environmental peacebuilding is showing the impact of its initiatives. Questions emerge, such as what kind of postwar peacebuilding dimensions are more likely to be affected by natural resource management projects? Although quantitative studies assess the relation between natural resource management programmes and conflict, the question remains: what are the mechanisms involved in implementing projects designed for environmental peacebuilding? To answer these questions, a mixed methods research approach is chosen, combining four qualitative and quantitative methods to triangulate results. First, we identify a set of peacebuilding dimensions and mechanisms based in the literature that facilitate assessing the impact of sustainable land-use systems (SLUS) design in the post-peace agreement region of Caquetá, Colombia. Second, not only do we interview experts and practitioners at global, national (Colombia) and local (Department of Caquetá) levels in the fields of peacebuilding, natural resource management and environmental peacebuilding, we also conduct three workshops and a survey in Caquetá to prioritize dimensions and discover explanatory mechanisms. The case of Caquetá, Colombia, shows that peacebuilding dimensions, such as socio-economic inclusion (e.g. sustainable livelihoods), creation of governance scenarios, and building capacities for dialogue and a peace culture, should be addressed to take account of the impacts of SLUS projects in post-conflict peacebuilding.

scholarly journals Response of Biodiversity, Ecosystems, and Ecosystem Services to Climate Change in China: A Review

Ecologies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-331
Author(s):  
Haijiang Yang ◽  
Xiaohua Gou ◽  
Dingcai Yin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Resource Management ◽  
Natural Resource Management ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Impact

Climate change is having a significant impact on the global ecosystem and is likely to become increasingly important as this phenomenon intensifies. Numerous studies in climate change impacts on biodiversity, ecosystems, and ecosystem services in China have been published in recent decades. However, a comprehensive review of the topic is needed to provide an improved understanding of the history and driving mechanisms of environmental changes within the region. Here we review the evidence for changes in climate and the peer-reviewed literature that assesses climate change impacts on biodiversity, ecosystem, and ecosystem services at a China scale. Our main conclusions are as follows. (1) Most of the evidence shows that climate change (the increasing extreme events) is affecting the change of productivity, species interactions, and biological invasions, especially in the agro-pastoral transition zone and fragile ecological area in Northern China. (2) The individuals and populations respond to climate change through changes in behavior, functions, and geographic scope. (3) The impact of climate change on most types of services (provisioning, regulating, supporting, and cultural) in China is mainly negative and brings threats and challenges to human well-being and natural resource management, therefore, requiring costly societal adjustments. In general, although great progress has been made, the management strategies still need to be further improved. Integrating climate change into ecosystem services assessment and natural resource management is still a major challenge. Moving forward, it is necessary to evaluate and research the effectiveness of typical demonstration cases, which will contribute to better scientific management of natural resources in China and the world.

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