Understanding the Sequence of Pulmonary Injury in the Extremely Low Birth Weight, Surfactant-Deficient Infant

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Development ◽  
Human Lung ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Birth Weight Neonate ◽  
Neonatal Chronic Lung Disease

Human lung development begins around day 26 postconception and continues throughout early childhood. Many crucial events can affect this delicate tissue as it develops, leading to altered and abnormal growth and development of the lungs, thereby yielding a variety of morbidities and sometimes even mortality. Understanding the pathophysiology of lung injury in the extremely low birth weight neonate is essential when caring for these infants, especially during the first hours of life. This article provides bedside clinicians with foundational information related to acute lung injury and the sequence of events that can ultimately lead to neonatal chronic lung disease and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Mechanisms of Lung Injury and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 1076-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Jobe
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Lung Development ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Tobacco Exposure ◽  
Good Definition ◽  
Injury And Repair

Although bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most frequent adverse outcome for infants born at < 30 weeks gestational age, there remain major gaps in understanding the pathophysiology, and thus there are few effective targeted therapies to prevent and treat BPD. This review will focus on the substantial problems and knowledge gaps for the clinician and investigator when considering lung injury and BPD. The epidemiology of BPD is clear: BPD is a lung injury syndrome predominantly in extremely low-birth-weight infants with an incidence that increases as gestation/birth weight decrease, with growth restriction, in males and with fetal exposures and with injury from postdelivery respiratory care. However, we do not have a good definition of BPD that identifies the infants that die of respiratory disease before 36 weeks or that predicts long-term outcomes as well. The injury resulting in BPD likely begins as altered lung development before delivery in many infants (small for gestational age, chorioamnionitis, tobacco exposure), can be initiated by resuscitating at birth, and then amplified by postnatal exposures (oxygen, mechanical ventilation, infection). Conceptually the events leading to BPD are the continued interplay of lung development that is altered progressively by injury and repair to result in poorly defined phenotypes of BPD. The injury pathways prominently cause inflammation, and as a proof of principle, corticosteroids can decrease the incidence and severity of BPD, as demonstrated by three recent trials of the early use of steroids. There are likely “adaptation” and “tolerance” responses that modulate the injury and repair to increase or decrease the damage, interactions that are not understood. BPD is a more complex disease.

Graft versus Host Disease in Extremely Low Birth Weight Neonate

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-690
Author(s):  
ORNA FLIDEL ◽  
YIGAL BARAK ◽  
BEATRIZ LIFSCHITZ-MERCER ◽  
AZRIEL FRUMKIN ◽  
BENJAMIN M. MOGILNER
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Clinical Change ◽  
Host Disease ◽  
Graft Versus Host ◽  
Birth Weight Neonate ◽  
Graft Vs Host Disease ◽  
Multiple Blood

To the Editor.— Graft vs host disease (GVHD) in extremely low birth weight neonates following multiple blood transfusions is probably more frequent than is generally thought.1 Recently, such a case was described by Funkhouser et al.2 We wish to report our experience with an extremely low birth weight neonate with GVHD, presumably induced by blood transfusions. Immunotherapy with rat antilymphocyte monoclonal antibody(Campath 1G) failed to induce any clinical change. The patient was a boy,

Candida nivariensis Urinary Tract Infection in an Extremely Low-Birth-Weight Neonate

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 057-060
Author(s):  
Katherine M. Malloy ◽  
Kristen R. Nichols ◽  
Anna E. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Weight Neonate ◽  
Amphotericin B Deoxycholate ◽  
Candida Nivariensis

AbstractWe report on the diagnosis and treatment of a Candida nivariensis urinary tract infection in an extremely low-birth-weight neonate. The isolate was identified by MALDI-TOF technology and is the first known report of C. nivariensis in the neonatal or pediatric population. Treatment was initiated with amphotericin B deoxycholate and later completed with intravenous fluconazole following susceptibility results.

Sudden death from cardiac tamponade in an extremely low birth weight neonate with an umbilical venous catheter in situ

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Gates ◽  
Ben Shaw ◽  
George Kokai
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Cardiac Tamponade ◽  
Fatal Case ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Baby ◽  
Birth Weight Neonate ◽  
The Right

AbstractPericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade are known to be rare but potentially fatal complications of umbilical venous catheterisation, even when the line tip is appropriately placed and is proximal to the right atrium.We report a fatal case of cardiac tamponade due to the presence of pericardial total parenteral nutrition associated with bilateral pleural effusions in an extremely low birth weight neonate with an umbilical venous catheter.It is important to promptly identify and treat this rare but devastating complication of what is often considered “routine” care. Timely pericardiocentesis should be considered in a preterm baby who deteriorates suddenly and has a central venous catheter

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