Oral Airway Insertion

We used an esophageal electrode to measure the amplitude and neural inspiratory and expiratory (N TE) timing responses of crural diaphragmatic electrical activity in response to flow-resistive (R) and elastic (E) loads at or below the threshold for conscious detection, applied pseudorandomly to the oral airway of eight normal subjects. We observed a rapid first-breath neural reflex that modified respiratory timing such that N TE lengthened significantly in response to R loads in six of eight subjects and shortened in response to E loading in six of seven subjects. The prolongation of N TE with R loading resulted primarily from lengthening the portion of N TE during which phasic activity in the diaphragm is absent (TE NDIA), whereas E loading shortened N TE mainly by reducing TE NDIA. Most subjects responded to both types of loading by decreasing mean tonic diaphragmatic activity, the average level of muscle activity that exists when no phasic changes are occurring, as well as its variability. The observed timing responses are consistent in direction with optimally adaptive pattern regulation, whereas the modulation of tonic activity may be useful in neural regulation of end-expiratory lung volume.

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Breast Feeding for Cleft Lip and Palate Patients, Using the Hotz-Type Plate

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1597/1545-1569_1997_034_0350_bffcla_2.3.co_2 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 351-353 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Mikihiko Kogo ◽

Gen Okada ◽

Shouichirou Ishii ◽

Megumi Shikata ◽

Seiji Iida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Outcome Measures ◽

Breast Feeding ◽

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Lateral View ◽

Bottle Feeding ◽

Oral Airway

Objective: Oral-cavity feeding movements were analyzed during sucking and used to modify a Hotz-type plate to facilitate sucking in infants with cleft lip and palate. Design: Sucking movements were analyzed using lateral view cine radiography as three adults fed from a bottle. A Hotz-type plate was then modified to better isolate the oral cavity and to occlude the oral airway. The plate was then utilized indirect breast feeding by 10 babies. Outcome Measures: Sucking rate, amount of milk taken, and duration of use of the plate were assessed. Results: Wearing this plate, four babies with cleft lip and palate could suck their mother's breast, drinking about 22 g/trial. Conclusions: Although supplemental bottle feeding was required to provide enough nourishment, this is the first step to reaching ideal breast feeding situation for these patients.

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Supraglottic airway pressure-flow relationships during oronasal airflow partitioning in dogs

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1996.81.5.1958 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 81 (5) ◽

pp. 1958-1964 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T. C. Amis ◽

N. O’Neill ◽

T. Van Der Touw ◽

A. Tully ◽

A. Brancatisano

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Soft Palate ◽

Airway Pressure ◽

Airway Resistance ◽

Upper Airway ◽

Oral Route ◽

Supraglottic Airway ◽

Respiratory Drive ◽

Pressure Flow ◽

Oral Airway

Amis, T. C., N. O’Neill, T. Van der Touw, A. Tully, and A. Brancatisano. Supraglottic airway pressure-flow relationships during oronasal airflow partitioning in dogs. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(5): 1958–1964, 1996.—We studied pressure-flow relationships in the supraglottic airway of eight prone mouth-open anesthetized (intravenous chloralose or pentobarbital sodium) crossbred dogs (weight 15–26 kg) during increasing respiratory drive (CO2administration; n = 4) and during graded-voltage electrical stimulation (SV; n = 4) of the soft palate muscles. During increased respiratory drive, inspiratory airflow occurred via both the nose (V˙n) and mouth (V˙m), with the ratio of V˙n toV˙m [%(V˙n/V˙m)] decreasing maximally from 16.0 ± 7.0 (SD) to 2.4 ± 1.6% ( P < 0.05). Simultaneously, oral airway resistance at peak inspiratory flow decreased from 2.1 ± 1.0 to 0.4 ± 0.4 cmH2O ( P < 0.05), whereas nasal airway resistance did not change (14.4 ± 7.2 to 13.1 ± 5.4 cmH2O; P = 0.29). Inspiratory pressure-flow plots of the oral airway were inversely curvilinear or more complex in nature. Nasal pathway plots, however, demonstrated a positive linear relationship in all animals ( r = 0.87 ± 0.11; all P < 0.001). During electrical stimulation of soft palate muscle contraction accompanied by graded constant-inspiratory airflows of 45–385 ml/s through an isolated upper airway, %(V˙n/V˙m) decreased from 69 ± 50 to 10 ± 13% at a SV of 84 ± 3% of maximal SV ( P < 0.001). At a SV of 85 ± 1% of maximum, normalized oral airway resistance (expressed as percent baseline) fell to 5 ± 3%, whereas normalized nasal resistance was 80 ± 9% (both P< 0.03). Thus control of oronasal airflow partitioning in dogs appears mediated more by alterations in oral route geometry than by closure of the nasopharyngeal airway.

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Injection laryngoplasty through a transoral approach using the Guedel oral airway

Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica ◽

10.14639/0392-100x-1193 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (05) ◽

pp. 444-446

Author(s):

A.L. Hamdan ◽

M. Rizk ◽

C. Ayoub ◽

G. Ziade

Keyword(s):

Voice Handicap Index ◽

Transoral Approach ◽

Injection Laryngoplasty ◽

Oral Airway ◽

Sono Stati

Le laringoplastiche iniettive hanno ottenuto notevole popolarità come modalità di trattamento per linsufficienza glottica. Numerosi approcci sono stati descritti: transcutaneo, transorale, transnasale. Gli autori descrivono una nuova tecnica, eseguita con successo in tre pazienti: la laringoplastica iniettiva endoscopica con lutilizzo la cannula di Guedel modificata. Cè stato un marcato miglioramento della disfonia, del tempo massimo fonatorio e del quoziente di chiusura glottica, insieme ad un decremento del Voice-Handicap Index-10 score. Questo nuovo valido approccio è applicabile per il trattamento dellinsufficienza glottica.

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Intraoral Pressure and Velopharyngeal Function

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1597/1545-1569_1998_035_0299_ipavf_2.3.co_2 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 299-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Robert Mayo ◽

Donald W. Warren ◽

David J. Zajac

Keyword(s):

Cleft Lip ◽

Pressure Pulse ◽

Published Data ◽

Pressure Curve ◽

Nasal Airflow ◽

Compensatory Response ◽

Oral Airway ◽

The Difference ◽

Velopharyngeal Function ◽

Intraoral Pressure

Objective The objective of this study was to determine the influence of velopharyngeal (VP) inadequacy on respiratory speech compensations. Design The pressure-flow technique was used to measure pressure, airflow, and timing variables associated with VP closure during the production of the initial plosive consonant /p/ in a series of the utterance “papa.” Setting The study was conducted in the speech and breathing laboratory of the UNC Craniofacial Center. Participants Eighty-two subjects with cleft lip and/or palate were assessed. The subjects were divided into two groups, those with adequate VP closure (VP size <.010 cm2) and those with inadequate VP closure (VP size >0.10 cm2). The adequate group was comprised of 62 subjects, and 20 subjects were categorized as inadequate. Results Peak intraoral pressure decreased in the inadequate group, but the difference was not significant. Nasal airflow increased (p < .01), but duration of the pressure pulse was the same for both groups. The area under the pressure curve decreased for the inadequate group (p = .04). Conclusion These data contrast with previously reported published data using /p/ in the utterance “hamper.” This suggests that phonetic context influences the compensatory response to velopharyngeal inadequacy. Additionally, while the findings are somewhat similar to studies that involved noncleft subjects whose oral airway was suddenly vented during the production of /p/, there is enough difference to suggest that learning also affects the compensatory outcome.

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