scholarly journals SPIDER DIVERSITY (ARACHNIDA: ARANEAE) OF THE TEA PLANTATION AT SERANG VILLAGE, KARANGREJA SUB-DISTRICT, DISTRICT OF PURBALINGGA

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Gianti Sibarani ◽  
Imam Widhiono ◽  
Darsono Darsono
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Pest Population ◽  
Tea Plantation ◽  
Spider Community ◽  
Spider Abundance ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Spiders are crucial in controlling insect pest population. The various cultivation managements such as fertilizer and pesticide application, weeding, pruning, harvesting, and cropping system affect their diversity. In the plantation, vegetation diversification has applied various practices, including monoculture, and intercropping, which influence the spider community. Thus, this study was intended to determine the spider abundance and diversity of the tea plantation, and the intercropping field (tea and strawberry) at Serang village, Karangreja Sub-District, District of Purbalingga. A survey and purposive sampling techniques were conducted, then the spiders were hand collected. Shannon-Wiener diversity (H’), Evenness (E), Simpson’s dominance (D), and Sorensen’s similarity (IS) indices were used to measure the spider diversity. The results revealed a total number of 575 individual spiders from 10 families, i.e., Araneae, Araneidae, Clubionidae, Linyphiidae, Lycosidae, Nephilidae, Oxyopidae, Salticidae, Tetragnathidae, Theridiidae, and Thomisidae. Araneidae was the most abundant in both fields. The total abundance of spiders in tea plantation (379 individuals), however, was greater than that in the intercropping field (196 individuals). Shannon-Wiener diversity reached H’= 1.873 in the plantation, and H’= 1.975 in the intercropping field.

scholarly journals Spider assemblages associated with different crop stages of irrigated rice agroecosystems from eastern Uruguay

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e24974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia Bao ◽  
Juaquín Ginella ◽  
Mónica Cadenazzi ◽  
Enrique Castiglioni ◽  
Sebastián Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Successful Group ◽  
Spider Abundance ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

The rice crop and associated ecosystems constitute a rich mosaic of habitats that preserve a rich biological diversity. Spiders are an abundant and successful group of natural predators that are considered efficient in the biocontrol of the major insect pests in agroecosystems. Spider diversity in different stages of the rice crop growth from eastern Uruguay was analysed. Field study was developed on six rice farms with rotation system with pasture, installed during intercropping stage as cover crop. Six rice crops distributed in three locations were sampled with pitfall and entomological vaccum suction machine. Sixteen families, representing six guilds, were collected. Lycosidae, Linyphiidae, Anyphaenidae and Tetragnathidae were the most abundant families (26%, 25%, 20% and 12%, respectively) and comprised more than 80% of total abundance. Other hunters (29%), sheet web weavers (25%) and ground hunters (24%) were the most abundant guilds. Species composition along different crop stages was significantly different according to the ANOSIM test. The results showed higher spider abundance and diversity along the crop and intercrop stages. This study represents the first contribution to the knowledge of spider diversity associated with rice agroecosystem in the country.

Effect of bench terracing on ground dwelling arthropods 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana B Simões ◽  
Martinho A S Martins ◽  
João R L Puga ◽  
Jan J Keizer ◽  
Nelson Abrantes
Keyword(s):  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
Conservation Practice ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Eucalypt Plantations ◽  
Spider Community ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
To Receive

<p>Eucalypt trees are the most planted tree in the world, and in Portugal these plantations occupy 26% of the forested area. The area of Eucalypt monoculture is growing since the 50’s due to the importance of this tree for the pulp and paste industry. With short rotation cycles, it is important to facilitate the cut and transport of the logged trees. In this sense, many forested areas in mountainous regions are being terraced with bulldozers.</p><p>Terracing is a well know soil conservation practice, reducing runoff peak flows, increasing water infiltration and subsequent low soil erosion rates. Nevertheless, the impacts of terracing for eucalypt plantations are still unknown, especially in terms of biodiversity of soil fauna. Hence, to address this research gap, the present study aimed to assess the impacts of terracing on the ground dwelling arthropods in eucalypt plantations.</p><p>This study took place in a mountain slope with old eucalypt trees that were logged (May 2019) and then terraced (July) as ground preparation to receive a new eucalypt plantation. The community of ground dwelling arthropods were accessed using pitfall traps.  The arthropods were collected before the terracing process, in Spring 2019, and then seasonally after terracing until the Spring of 2020Total abundance and richness at order level, as well as, abundance, richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity and Pielou’s Evenness indexes, at Family level of Coleoptera, Araneae and Hymenoptera, were used to depict differences between pre- and post-terracing. The results showed that although terracing did not reduce the total abundance or richness, it changed the community structure. In particular, it was observed an increase in opportunist and generalist families after terracing such as Staphylinidae and Myrmicinae. The spider community also changed, with more hunter families captured after the terrace construction. In overall, the results of our study reveal that although the total abundance and richness of arthropods was not altered by the construction of terraces, their structure was modified.</p>

scholarly journals Hubungan Rugositas Terumbu Karang terhadap Struktur Komunitas Ikan Corallivor dan Herbivor di Perairan Pemuteran, Bali

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Nidzar Muhammad Rafly ◽  
I Wayan Gede Astawa Karang ◽  
Widiastuti Widiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Herbivorous Fish ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
Underwater Visual Census ◽  
Herbivorous Fishes ◽  
The North ◽  
Fish Feeds ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Reef fishes are the highest number of organisms that can be found in coral reefs in which the abundance depends on the healthy of this ecosystem. Reef fishes are mainly consisted of corallivorous and herbivorous fish. Corralivorous fish feeds on coral polyps while herbivorous fish feeds on algae. Therefore these fishes are an important indicators in the resilience of coral reefs. Studies showed that its abundance is strongly correlated with reef’s conture (rugosity). Pemuteran waters is one of developing tourists attraction in the north Bali island. However, the data of reef fishes and coral reefs in Pemuteran waters remain limited. Therefore, this research aimed to study the reef` condition and rugosity in Pemuteran waters, also to examine the correlation between reefs fishes and reefs rugosity in this area. There were four stations according to purposive sampling method. Data of corallivorous and herbivorous fishes were collected by using the underwater visual census with a 40 m2 transect. Reef rugosity index were determined by using chain transect method. Results showed that reef rugosity in Pemuteran waters was in the medium to high category. Reef rugosity has strong correlation with the total abundance and diversity of corallivorous fishes. However, reef rugosity was only strong correlated with the total abundance but not with the diversity of herbivorous fishes.

scholarly journals Seascape context modifies how fish respond to restored oyster reef structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 1131-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben L Gilby ◽  
Andrew D Olds ◽  
Christopher J Henderson ◽  
Nicholas L Ortodossi ◽  
Rod M Connolly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Oyster Reef ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Oyster Reefs ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
Fish Recruitment ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract The seascape context of coastal ecosystems plays a pivotal role in shaping patterns in fish recruitment, abundance, and diversity. It might also be a principal determinant in structuring the recruitment of fish assemblages to restored habitats, but the trajectories of these relationships require further testing. In this study, we surveyed fish assemblages from 14 restored oyster reefs and 14 control sites in the Noosa River, Queensland, Australia, that differed in the presence or absence of seagrass within 500 m, over four periods using baited cameras. Fish assemblages at oyster reefs differed from those at control sites, with higher species richness (1.4 times) and more individuals of taxa that are harvested by fishers (1.8 times). The presence or absence of seagrass nearby affected the abundance of a key harvestable fish species (yellowfin bream Acanthopagrus australis) on oyster reefs, but not the overall composition of fish assemblages, species richness, or the total abundance of harvestable fishes overall. These findings highlight the importance of considering species-specific patterns in seascape utilization when selecting restoration sites and setting restoration goals, and suggest that the effects of restoration on fish assemblages might be optimized by focusing efforts in prime positions in coastal seascapes.

scholarly journals Spider community responds to litter complexity: insights from a small-scale experiment in an exotic pine stand

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana R. Podgaiski ◽  
◽  
Gilberto G. Rodrigues ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Community Patterns ◽  
Litter Manipulation ◽  
Spider Community ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
Spider Abundance ◽  
Web Building ◽  
Manipulation Experiment

ABSTRACT Conservation of biodiversity in agroecosystems is an urgent need, and a suitable approach to maximize animal biodiversity and their services is the restoration of habitat heterogeneity. Here we investigated the value of increasing litter complexity in tree plantations of exotic pine for ground spiders. We hypothesized that increasing the litter complexity of these systems, as it would be the case in ecologically designed plantations, would increase spider aggregations. We performed a small-scale litter manipulation experiment within an exotic pine stand in the municipality of Minas do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and compared spider diversity in simple (only pine needles) and complex substrates (with the addition of diverse native broadleaves). We found 1,110 spiders, 19 families and 32 morphospecies. The most abundant families were Linyphiidae, Theridiidae and Salticidade, and the dominant morphospecies were Thymoites sp. 2 and Lygarina sp. Web-building spiders represented 61% of total spider abundance, and 17 species, while hunting spiders, 49% and 15 species. As expected, densities of spider individuals and species from both web-building and hunting spiders were higher in complex litter substrate. Potential preys (Collembola) also responded positively to the treatment, and had influence of spider community patterns. Our results suggest that ensuring some degree of plant and litter diversity within pine stands (e.g. understory establishment) might foster spider aggregations and possibly help to conserve their diversity at local-scales.

scholarly journals Some behavioural aspects on the Hemidactylus species of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
MF Rabbe ◽  
MF Jaman ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
MM Alam
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Breeding Behavior ◽  
Pest Population ◽  
Female Body Size ◽  
Life History Pattern ◽  
Egg Number ◽  
Behavioural Aspects

Hemidactylus is a taxonomically complex genus and little is known about its feeding and breeding behavior in Bangladesh. Most of the species of this genus have a preference to live within human habitations, and play an important role in ecosystem, controlling insect pest population. Their breeding strategy is almost similar with each other and associated with their body structure. Review of literature found that there is a relationship between life history pattern and their reproductive biology. They lay two eggs per clutch usually and the highest egg number (12) has been recorded for H. frenatus. Strong significant positive correlation (r = 0.91) was found for preclaocal-femoral pores and egg number. Besides, significant negative correlation was found for average female body size and egg number (r = 0.96). Previous work and observation records showed that feeding habit is almost similar among all species of Hemidactylus and dipteran insects were the mostly consumed food item. J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2019, 5(1): 77-84

Intermittent transition between order and chaos in an insect pest population

1995 ◽  
Vol 175 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liebe F. Cavalieri ◽  
Huseyin Koçak
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Pest Population
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