Hubungan Rugositas Terumbu Karang terhadap Struktur Komunitas Ikan Corallivor dan Herbivor di Perairan Pemuteran, Bali

Reef fishes are the highest number of organisms that can be found in coral reefs in which the abundance depends on the healthy of this ecosystem. Reef fishes are mainly consisted of corallivorous and herbivorous fish. Corralivorous fish feeds on coral polyps while herbivorous fish feeds on algae. Therefore these fishes are an important indicators in the resilience of coral reefs. Studies showed that its abundance is strongly correlated with reef’s conture (rugosity). Pemuteran waters is one of developing tourists attraction in the north Bali island. However, the data of reef fishes and coral reefs in Pemuteran waters remain limited. Therefore, this research aimed to study the reef` condition and rugosity in Pemuteran waters, also to examine the correlation between reefs fishes and reefs rugosity in this area. There were four stations according to purposive sampling method. Data of corallivorous and herbivorous fishes were collected by using the underwater visual census with a 40 m2 transect. Reef rugosity index were determined by using chain transect method. Results showed that reef rugosity in Pemuteran waters was in the medium to high category. Reef rugosity has strong correlation with the total abundance and diversity of corallivorous fishes. However, reef rugosity was only strong correlated with the total abundance but not with the diversity of herbivorous fishes.

Download Full-text

Present status of the commercial sea cucumber fishery off the north-west and east coasts of Sri Lanka

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315411001019 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 92 (4) ◽

pp. 831-841 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

D.C.T. Dissanayake ◽

G. Stefansson

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

Sea Cucumber ◽

Total Abundance ◽

Catch Per Unit Effort ◽

Underwater Visual Census ◽

Sea Cucumbers ◽

Random Effects Models ◽

North West ◽

The North ◽

Holothuria Atra

The sea cucumber fishery has been providing an important means of livelihood to the coastal fishing communities in Sri Lanka for centuries. Stock status, level of exploitation and mortality parameters of eleven commercial sea cucumber species were studied off the north-west and the east coasts of Sri Lanka using data collected from an underwater visual census and fishery-dependent surveys carried out in 2008 and 2009. The total abundance of sea cucumbers was higher in the north-west than the east (P < 0.01). However, the total abundance of all the species declined between 2008 and 2009. The commercial fishery predominantly relies on two nocturnal species: Holothuria spinifera and Thelenota anax. Holothuria spinifera had the highest contribution (73.2%) to the total landings in the north-west while this was provided by T. anax (93%) in the east. Both catch per unit effort and total landings declined in 2009 compared to 2008 having three exceptions (H. spinifera, Holothuria atra and Stichopus chloronotus) in the north-west. Further, the collection of immature individuals, reduced landings of high-value species and temporal shifting of fishing activities were observed in both areas. Two approaches (simple linear regression and random effects models) were used to estimate the natural mortality of sea cucumbers and the estimated values were 0.50 yr−1 and 0.45 yr−1, respectively. Apart from the management of local sea cucumber resources, this information is important to update the regional and global sea cucumber statistics as well as for launching regional management programmes.

Download Full-text

Komunitas Ikan Karang di Pulau Ternate dan Sekitarnya

Oseanologi dan Limnologi di Indonesia ◽

10.14203/oldi.2019.v4i1.228 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 53

Author(s):

Rizkie Satriya Utama ◽

Isa Nagib Edrus ◽

Petrus Christianus Makatipu

Keyword(s):

Reef Fish ◽

Coastal Region ◽

Reef Fishes ◽

Herbivorous Fishes ◽

Fish Stocks ◽

The North ◽

Belt Transect ◽

Group Density ◽

Study Sites ◽

The One

<strong>Reef Fish Community in the Adjacent Waters of Ternate Island</strong>. Considering that the development of coastal region in the North of Moluccas may affect the population of reef fishes, a research on coral reef community structure is performed using underwater visual cencus on a permanent belt transect. The selected indicator monitoring used were eight families of reef fishes. A total of 108 species of reef fishes were identified, consisted of 31 species of corallivorous, 45 species of herbivorous fishes and 32 species carnivorous fishes (based on punctuation group). Density means of a corallivorous group is 1.598 ± 283 individual/ha, a herbivorous group is 4.751 ± 1.034 individual/ha, and a carnivorous group is 890 ± 622 ekor/ha. The average of reef fish stocks is 420 ± 162 kg/ha that consist of 320 ± 130 kg/ha for herbivorous fishes and 100 ± 64 kg/ha for carnivorous fishes. Indicator fish dominance were attained by Chaetodon baronessa, C. kleinii, C. lunulatus, C. melannotus, C. octofasciatus, C. trifascialis, and Heniochus varius. Herbivorous fishes (84%) more dominat than carnivorous (16%) in terms of individual composition. Dominant species of herbivorous fishes included Acanthurus pyroferus, Chlorurus bleekeri, C. Sordidus, Ctenochaetus binotatus, C. striatus, Scarus dimidiatus, S. ghobban, Siganus vulpinus, and Zebrasoma scopas. The one of carnivorous fishes dominated was only Lutjanus biguttatus. Increasing trend of species numbers and density for corallivorous, herbivorous and carnivorous fishes occured from 2015 until 2017 in majority of study sites. In contrast, the biomass values not increased in majority of the sampling sites.

Download Full-text

The Pattern of Herbivorous Fish Assemblages in The In Western and Eastern Outermost Island Indonesia

Omni-Akuatika ◽

10.20884/1.oa.2020.16.2.805 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 116

Author(s):

Risandi Dwirama Putra ◽

Rikoh Manogar Siringoringo ◽

Muhammad Abrar ◽

Ni Wayan Purnamasari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

Fish Assemblages ◽

Basic Research ◽

Present Condition ◽

Herbivorous Fish ◽

Underwater Visual Census ◽

Herbivorous Fishes ◽

Eastern Indonesia ◽

Outer Island ◽

Density And Biomass

The herbivorous fishes have been considered as a critical functional group and have capability maintaining coral reef resilience and avoiding coral-algal phase-shifts. The present condition shown, almost in tropical reef location, alga has dominated coral, even in the small outer island. The requirement to conduct comprehensive basic research in studying the patterns and composition of herbivorous fish, especially on the small outer islands. Twelve coral reef sites in eastern Indonesia (Liki Islands) and western Indonesia (Natuna Island) used as a research location for comparing the structure patterns of herbivorous fish communities (diversity, density, and body size) using the Underwater Visual Census (UVC) method. There was different pattern of herbivorous fishes families in Liki Island and Natuna Islands, where Acanthuridae is dominant in eastern Indonesia (Liki Islands), including Ctenochaetus striatus (41,00 ± 11,72 se) individuals/350m2, A. maculiceps (23,33 ± 13,61 se) individuals/350m2, Naso hexacanthus (18,67 ± 6,34 se) individuals/350m2 while Scaridae is dominant in western Indonesia (Natuna island), including Scarus rivulatus (31,67 ± 10,61 se) individuals/350m2, Chlorurus sordidus (30,00 ± 8,52 se) individuals/350m2 and Scarus quoyi (19,00 ± 9,73 se) individuals/350m2. Based on herbivore fishes composition Liki Island has a higher density and biomass compared to Natuna Island.Keywords: herbivore, fish, coral, small outer island, Indonesia

Download Full-text

Presence of cleaner wrasse increases the recruitment of damselfishes to coral reefs

Biology Letters ◽

10.1098/rsbl.2015.0456 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 20150456 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Derek Sun ◽

Karen L. Cheney ◽

Johanna Werminghausen ◽

Mark G. Meekan ◽

Mark I. McCormick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Coral Reefs ◽

Larval Fish ◽

Stress Hormones ◽

Local Population ◽

Reef Fishes ◽

Ecological Processes ◽

Biological Communities ◽

Common Group ◽

Abundance And Diversity

Mutualisms affect the biodiversity, distribution and abundance of biological communities. However, ecological processes that drive mutualism-related shifts in population structure are often unclear and must be examined to elucidate how complex, multi-species mutualistic networks are formed and structured. In this study, we investigated how the presence of key marine mutualistic partners can drive the organisation of local communities on coral reefs. The cleaner wrasse, Labroides dimidiatus , removes ectoparasites and reduces stress hormones for multiple reef fish species, and their presence on coral reefs increases fish abundance and diversity. Such changes in population structure could be driven by increased recruitment of larval fish at settlement, or by post-settlement processes such as modified levels of migration or predation. We conducted a controlled field experiment to examine the effect of cleaners on recruitment processes of a common group of reef fishes, and showed that small patch reefs (61–285 m 2 ) with cleaner wrasse had higher abundances of damselfish recruits than reefs from which cleaner wrasse had been removed over a 12-year period. However, the presence of cleaner wrasse did not affect species diversity of damselfish recruits. Our study provides evidence of the ecological processes that underpin changes in local population structure in the presence of a key mutualistic partner.

Download Full-text

Les rivages des Bermudes et les formes littorales de dissolution du calcaire

Cahiers de géographie du Québec ◽

10.7202/020026ar ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 115-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

François Taillefer

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

Coral Reefs ◽

Mechanical Action ◽

Intermediate Position ◽

Striking Feature ◽

Tidal Range ◽

Intermediate Type ◽

North East ◽

The North

The littoral morphology of the Bermudas is an erosional morphology in limestones, the main processes being mechanical action and solution. The temperatures, in January and February, of the waters washing the Bermudas, are low enough to prevent the growing of true coral reefs. Therefore, it is not the morphology of a coral reef. The predominance of wave-cut cliffs is the most striking feature, despite the low and gently rolling topography. There are, however, other types of coasts on the islands, the mangrove being found on many sheltered shores. The writer thus opposes the sheltered shores of the sounds to the ones exposed on the southcoast, while the shores of the north and north-east coasts belong to an intermediate type. The steplike arrangement of the coastal forms of solution of the Bermudas limestones is primarily linked to the amount of the tidal range. These features are similar to those described on the shores of the warm seas, where the tide is negligible or weak. The Bermudas occupy an intermediate position between the regions where reefs are built by corals, and those, to the north, where solution, helped by other processes, occurs without compensation.

Download Full-text

COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND TROPHIC STATUS OF REEF FISH IN NATUNA WATERS

Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal ◽

10.15578/ifrj.26.2.2020.69-82 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 69

Author(s):

Isa Nagib Edrus ◽

Pratiwi Lestari

Keyword(s):

Reef Fish ◽

Fish Community ◽

Field Research ◽

Reef Fishes ◽

Species Number ◽

Community Structures ◽

Underwater Visual Census ◽

The Mean ◽

Coral Health ◽

Density And Biomass

A field research on reef fish-community structures in Natuna waters was carried out in November 2015. This research aimed to obtain the trophic composition of reef fishes and its correlation to diversity, density, and biomass. Underwater visual census on several transect areas was used to collect data. Results show that the identified reef fishes were about 100 species of target-reef fish belonging to 18 families and 23 species of indicator-reef fish of the Chaetodontidae family. The mean species number of target reef fish and indicator reef fish were 42 and 7 species, respectively. The mean density of the target reef fish and indicator reef fish were 0.4 and 0.05 individual per m2, respectively. The mean of the reef fish relative stock was 0.6 ton/ha. The composition of the herbivores mostly found in the resilient coral reefs r was 46.45 % and the omnivores and planktivores as marketable targeted fishes were 18.64 % and 14.28 %, respectively. The most predominant or major families were from herbivorous, carnivorous, planktivorous, and corallivorous fishes, including Scaridae (i.e. Scarus spp), Lutjanidae (i.e. Lutjanus spp.), Caesionidae (i,e. Caesio cuning and Pterocaesio caerulaurea), and Chaetodontidae (i.e. Chaetodon baronessa and Chaetodon octofasciatus). The results suggested that the community structures were quite prospectively implemented for fisheries; however, it may not be promising for coral resilience. Furthermore, the coral health status was at moderate level in regard to the high numbers of corallivorous butterflyfishes.

Download Full-text

HUBUNGAN ANTARA KOMPOSISI IKAN TARGET DAN PRESENTASE TUTUPAN KARANG HIDUP DI KEPULAUAN KEI KECIL, MALUKU

Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia ◽

10.15578/jppi.26.3.2020.147-157 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 147

Author(s):

Ana Faricha ◽

Isa Nagib Edrus ◽

Rizkie Satriya Utama ◽

Ahmad R. Dzumalex ◽

Abdullah Salatalohi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

Reef Fishes ◽

Average Density ◽

Species Variation ◽

Live Coral ◽

Visual Census ◽

Underwater Visual Census ◽

Ecological Values ◽

Average Biomass ◽

The Relationship

Ikan terumbu karang memiliki peranan penting baik secara ekonomi maupun ekologi, namun kondisi terumbu karang termasuk di perairan Indonesia yang menjadi habitat utama ikan karang mengalami degradasi. Penelitian ikan karang sudah banyak dilakukan, namun di Indonesia kondisi habitat ikan karang memiliki karakter yang berbeda-beda. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara komposisi ikan karang target dan tutupan karang hidup. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2019 di Kepulauan Kei Kecil, Maluku. Metode yang digunakan adalah UVC (Underwater Visual Census) untuk data ikan karang dan UPT (Underwater Photo Transect) untuk mengkaji tutupan karang hidup. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 130 spesies ikan karang target yang mewakili 19 famili, dengan variasi jenis ikan target antar lokasi pengamatan berkisar antara 25-66 spesies. Kepadatan rata-rata ikan karang target sebesar 8.811 ± 4.107 Ind/ha, dan biomassa rata-rata 1.335 ± 899 Kg/ha. Komposisi ikan karang target yang memiliki kedekatan dengan tutupan karang hidup yaitu famili Siganidae, Serranidae, Lutjanidae, Holocentridae, dan Pomacentridae. Akan tetapi hubungan tersebut rendah, dan kemungkinan besar ada faktor lain yang mempengaruhi. Reef fishes have an important economic and ecological values. However, the coral reef of the globe including in the most of the Indonesian waters which is the vital habitat for reef fishes is degraded. Study on the reef fishes is an abundance, while the habitat characteristic of reef fishes in Indonesian waters has a differences. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the target reef fishes compositions and the percentage live coral covers. This study was carried out in October 2019 at the Kei Kecil islands, Maluku. The method used in this study is UVC (Underwater Visual Census) for collecting the reef fishes data, and the UPT (Underwater Photo Transect) for assessing the live coral coverage. The result shows that there are about 130 fishes, which representing 19 families, with species variation ranges from 25 to 66 species among the observation sites. The average density of target fishes was about 8.811 ± 4.107 Ind/ha, whereas the average biomass of target fishes was 1,335 ± 899 Kg/ha. The target reef fishes compositions that has relation with live coral covers is family Siganidae, Serranidae, Lutjanidae, Holocentridae, and Pomacentridae. However, this relationship is weak, and may influenced by other factors.

Download Full-text

Biogeochemical processes in the Barents sea

10.29006/978-5-6045110-0-8/(23) ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 287-306

Author(s):

A.Yu. Lein ◽

◽

A.S. Savvichev ◽

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Water Column ◽

Methane Concentration ◽

Barents Sea ◽

Biogeochemical Processes ◽

Total Abundance ◽

The North ◽

The Barents Sea ◽

Continental Origin ◽

Biomass Of Microorganisms

Biogeochemical processes involving microorganisms play an important role in marine sedimentogenesis. The study of biogeochemical processes in the Barents Sea was carried out from 1997 with interruptions until 2019. Using a complex of geological-geochemical, microbiological, radioisotope and stable isotope methods, it was possible to obtain a quantitative estimate of the total abundance and biomass of microorganisms, rates of biogeochemical processes, methane content and organic matter suspended. In the course of work in four expeditions, it was found that in the surface (0–10 m) water column south of 74° N the magnitude of the total abundance and the biomass of microorganisms increased by 2019 by about 5 times compared to 1998. To the north, in colder waters, the total abundance and the biomass of organisms were lower than in the southern region of the sea. The methane concentration in the surface layer of the water column at the border with the atmosphere did not change much for 20 years (1976–1997) and increased noticeably from 1997 to 2017, from 3.3 to 15.8 nM. The increase in FFM, the biomass of organisms and the concentration of methane in the water column is associated with the melting of glaciers, with the release of organic matter of continental origin released from ice into the water. The results of the work indicate changes in the ecosystem of the Barents Sea.

Download Full-text

The biology of Goldsilk Sea Bream (family: Sparidae) from the inshore waters of north coast Kenya

Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science ◽

10.4314/wiojms.v18i2.8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 77-86

Author(s):

Rashid O. Anam ◽

Cosmas N. Munga ◽

James R. Gonda

Keyword(s):

Condition Factor ◽

Well Being ◽

Feeding Preference ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Sea Bream ◽

North Coast ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

The North ◽

Kenyan Coast ◽

And Migration

The biology of the sparid, Acanthopagrus berda (goldsilk sea bream) was investigated using catch samples obtained from artisanal fishers at selected fish landing sites in the Marereni and Ngomeni fishing areas on the north coast of Kenya. This species has not previously been studied in Kenya although it forms significant proportions of artisanal fish landings and is also a promising aquaculture species. In order to contribute to knowledge of this species, the length-weight relationship, condition factor and feeding preference for prey items were studied in a total of 751 specimens sampled from July 2013 to July 2014. Length-weight relationships for male and female individuals from both fishing areas were strongly correlated (Males: Marereni - R2 = 0.920, Ngomeni - R2 = 0.983; Females: Marereni - R2 = 0.966, Ngomeni - R2 = 0.941). The condition factor of mixed sexes was not significantly different between the two fishing areas (Marereni 2.15 ± 0.08; Ngomeni 2.05 ± 0.02) at p > 0.05. Gut content analysis recorded a total of 5 taxa in the diet (gastropods, molluscs, detritus, crustaceans and fish). The overall sample was dominated by female individuals with an overall sex ratio of females (405 individuals) to males (338 individuals) of 1:0.8 being significantly different at p < 0.05. The species exhibited isometric and positive allometric growth patterns, indicative of the physiological well-being of this species on the north coast of Kenya. Gonadal maturation occurred throughout the year with peaks in July, August and September. However, more work is needed on the biology, distribution, spawning grounds, behavior, and migration patterns along the Kenyan coast.

Download Full-text

Seascape context modifies how fish respond to restored oyster reef structures

ICES Journal of Marine Science ◽

10.1093/icesjms/fsz019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 76 (4) ◽

pp. 1131-1139 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ben L Gilby ◽

Andrew D Olds ◽

Christopher J Henderson ◽

Nicholas L Ortodossi ◽

Rod M Connolly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Fish Species ◽

Fish Assemblages ◽

Oyster Reef ◽

Pivotal Role ◽

Oyster Reefs ◽

Total Abundance ◽

Fish Recruitment ◽

Abundance And Diversity ◽

Species Specific

Abstract The seascape context of coastal ecosystems plays a pivotal role in shaping patterns in fish recruitment, abundance, and diversity. It might also be a principal determinant in structuring the recruitment of fish assemblages to restored habitats, but the trajectories of these relationships require further testing. In this study, we surveyed fish assemblages from 14 restored oyster reefs and 14 control sites in the Noosa River, Queensland, Australia, that differed in the presence or absence of seagrass within 500 m, over four periods using baited cameras. Fish assemblages at oyster reefs differed from those at control sites, with higher species richness (1.4 times) and more individuals of taxa that are harvested by fishers (1.8 times). The presence or absence of seagrass nearby affected the abundance of a key harvestable fish species (yellowfin bream Acanthopagrus australis) on oyster reefs, but not the overall composition of fish assemblages, species richness, or the total abundance of harvestable fishes overall. These findings highlight the importance of considering species-specific patterns in seascape utilization when selecting restoration sites and setting restoration goals, and suggest that the effects of restoration on fish assemblages might be optimized by focusing efforts in prime positions in coastal seascapes.

Download Full-text