scholarly journals Code-Switching as a Multilingual Strategy in Conversations among Indonesian Graduate Dtudents in the US

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-34
Author(s):  
Ani Pujiastuti
Keyword(s):  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Domnita Dumitrescu
Keyword(s):  
The Us ◽  

Resumen En este trabajo analizo una actividad de imagen que participa directamente en la construcción de la identidad de individuos y grupos bilingües, pero que no ha sido identificada como tal hasta ahora, aunque el fenómeno a través del cual se realiza - la alternancia de lenguas en la interacción comunicativa entre dichos miembros de la comunidad bilingüe - cuenta ya con numerosos estudios. La comunidad bilingüe en que me enfoco es la de los hispanounidenses: los hispanos que residen en los Estados Unidos y usan en su comunicación diaria tanto el español como el inglés. Después de presentar unos datos acerca de la demografía hispanounidense y sobre el uso de los dos idiomas entre los miembros de dicha comunidad, reinterpreto testimonios de los usuarios y ejemplos de alternancia de lenguas recogidos en trabajos sociolingüísticos previos como actividades de imagen social en dos niveles diferentes: el macronivel de la interacción comunicativa global y el micronivel de ciertos actos de habla concretos dentro de dicha interacción. En el macronivel, se trata de una actividad de imagen de afiliación intragrupal y, simultáneamente, de autonomía extragrupal; mientras que en el micronivel se trata de efectos de cortesía atenuadora o intensificadora dirigidos a la imagen del interlocutor, o de ataques a la imagen del mismo, cuando no forma parte de la comunidad.


2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Baumgarten ◽  
Inke Du Bois

This article explores the function of code-switching in talking about absent third parties. The basis for the investigation is a corpus of sociolinguistic individual and group interviews with German immigrants in the US and American immigrants in Germany. In these interviews, the interviewees are asked to recount their migration experiences and their lives before and after migration. For each individual speaker, the interviewer and – in the group interviews – the other participants in the group are, on the one hand, potentially 'sympathetic' fellow migrants. On the other hand, however, they are potentially problematic figures, because talking about absent third parties means that these third parties might share characteristics with the interviewer or the others in the group. Talking about third parties can, thus, be face-threatening for both the interviewer and the interviewees. In the analyses presented in this article, we identify how speakers employ English-to-German code-switching when it comes to verbalizing others – specifically members of home and host cultures – in discourse and how they position themselves and their audience in relation to them.


Author(s):  
Nofiya Denbaum ◽  
Ana de Prada Pérez

Abstract Previous studies have observed different gender assignment strategies for English nouns in Spanish-English code-switching (CS). However, these studies have not investigated the role of noun gender canonicity of the Spanish equivalent, they have only examined participants in bilingual speaker mode, and most studies have not explored the role of bilingual language experience. The current study compares gender assignment by heritage speakers of Spanish in a monolingual speaker mode and a bilingual speaker mode, considering the role of noun gender canonicity and CS experience. Results revealed a language mode effect, where participants used significantly more masculine determiners with the same feminine nouns in the CS session than those in the Spanish monolingual session where they used a feminine determiner. Further evidence of a language mode effect was found in the effect of noun canonicity and bilingual language experience. Noun canonicity was only significant in the Spanish monolingual session, where participants used significantly more masculine determiners with non-canonical nouns. Bilingual language experience was only significant in the CS session, where regular codeswitchers used more masculine default determiners than infrequent codeswitchers and non-codeswitchers, while in Spanish-only, all these groups behaved similarly.


2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-184
Author(s):  
Amy Garrigues

On September 15, 2003, the US. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit held that agreements between pharmaceutical and generic companies not to compete are not per se unlawful if these agreements do not expand the existing exclusionary right of a patent. The Valley DrugCo.v.Geneva Pharmaceuticals decision emphasizes that the nature of a patent gives the patent holder exclusive rights, and if an agreement merely confirms that exclusivity, then it is not per se unlawful. With this holding, the appeals court reversed the decision of the trial court, which held that agreements under which competitors are paid to stay out of the market are per se violations of the antitrust laws. An examination of the Valley Drugtrial and appeals court decisions sheds light on the two sides of an emerging legal debate concerning the validity of pay-not-to-compete agreements, and more broadly, on the appropriate balance between the seemingly competing interests of patent and antitrust laws.


Author(s):  
Penelope Gardner-Chloros
Keyword(s):  

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 498-516
Author(s):  
Neil O'Sullivan

Of the hundreds of Greek common nouns and adjectives preserved in our MSS of Cicero, about three dozen are found written in the Latin alphabet as well as in the Greek. So we find, alongside συμπάθεια, also sympathia, and ἱστορικός as well as historicus. This sort of variation has been termed alphabet-switching; it has received little attention in connection with Cicero, even though it is relevant to subjects of current interest such as his bilingualism and the role of code-switching and loanwords in his works. Rather than addressing these issues directly, this discussion sets out information about the way in which the words are written in our surviving MSS of Cicero and takes further some recent work on the presentation of Greek words in Latin texts. It argues that, for the most part, coherent patterns and explanations can be found in the alphabetic choices exhibited by them, or at least by the earliest of them when there is conflict in the paradosis, and that this coherence is evidence for a generally reliable transmission of Cicero's original choices. While a lack of coherence might indicate unreliable transmission, or even an indifference on Cicero's part, a consistent pattern can only really be explained as an accurate record of coherent alphabet choice made by Cicero when writing Greek words.


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