Revisions to the Siraya lexicon based on the original Utrecht Manuscript

Summary Linguistic historiography analyzes how linguistic knowledge has been acquired, stored, used and diffused. This article examines what can happen if linguists rely on copies of source data rather than the source data itself. It takes as a case study linguistic data from Siraya, a now-extinct Formosan language. Documents compiled in the seventeenth century by Dutch missionaries in Taiwan form a significant source of data for Siraya. One such document, a wordlist known as the Utrecht Manuscript (UM), is the principal source for the lexicon of one variety of Siraya, “Siraya Proper”. It has been published three times. Each edition, however, contains many errors. These editions, rather than the manuscript, have been used by scholars investigating Siraya. This article aims to correct errors in the editions and secondary literature on the UM with my readings of the manuscript itself. It therefore presents a more accurate record of the lexicon of “Siraya Proper” as well as illustrating the importance of using primary rather than secondary sources of linguistic data. Finally, it introduces an online edition of the UM, which will provide scholars and language revivalists with a useful resource for this lexicon.

A Messinian Gypsum Deposit in the Ionian Forearc Basin (Benestare, Calabria, Southern Italy): Origin and Paleoenvironmental Indications

This study reports the first accurate record of the Messinian Resedimented Gypsum in the forearc and back-arc basins connected to the Calabrian-Peloritan orogen. A multidisciplinary approach has been used to investigate a gypsum deposit located in the Benestare’s area (Calabria, Southern Italy). Such deposit is made of bedded gypsrudites displaying clastic selenite with chaotical textures. On the top, the gypsrudites are interspersed with gypsum lenses belonging to the branching-like facies. Despite these two facies seem different macroscopically, they show petrographic features, fluid inclusions, organic matter and Strontium isotopic values very similar to each other. On the other hand, both facies show fractured and folded crystals. Crystals are only locally corroded and preserve primary structure relict as well as allochthonous (organic debris) and autochthonous putative microbial remains. All crystals are rich in fluid inclusions but these are visibly affected by stretching and leaking (re-equilibration processes) suggesting a moderate plastic deformation during re-sedimentation and subsequent burial. Minimal transport of the deposit is testified by subangular shapes of the gypsum crystals. The gypsrudite and branching-like facies reveal an 87Sr/86Sr average value of 0.709045 and 0.709082, respectively. These values suggest a strong connection with the global Ocean and reduced freshwater input. The Benestare’s deposit originated from the partial to complete dismantling of selenite crystals related to the first stage (5.97–5.60 Ma) of the Messinian Salinity Crisis through gravitational collapse due to local controlling factors.

An audit assessing the monitoring of SSRIS after initiation in children and adolescents

AimsTo identify children and adolescents started on SSRIs to see if they are being followed up in accordance to NICE and Maudsley guidelinesObjectivesHas the patient been followed up after a week to check for adverse effects or improvement in their mental state?Has the patient been re-evaluated every 4-6 weeks, if not is there an alternative plan?If there is no improvement has the dose been increased?If there is an adverse effect has the dose been lowered or the medication stopped?MethodPaper case notes including clinic letters and handwritten notes were reviewed on the 19/10/2020. The following data were collected anonymously.AgeGenderDate seen / Date medication startedName of medicationDate medication startedDate of Follow-upMonitoring of improvementMonitoring of adverse effectsOutcome of monitoringResultA total of 18 sets of cases were identified.Follow-up occurred in 17 of the 18 cases.The one case that had not been followed up had started the medication 8 weeks before the audit. The median follow-up time was 42 days (6 weeks). No cases were followed up within a week.Monitoring of improvement was recorded in 88% of case notes reviewed.Monitoring for adverse effects occurred in 36% of case notes and none of these patients had reported any side effects. 53% of cases did not have monitoring of adverse effects documented. There were two patients (11%) who did not take the medication as prescribed. One out of choice and one their parent had not collected it.The medication dose was increased in 22% of patients without clear documentation of monitoring for adverse effects.ConclusionAfter discussion with the clinical lead it was decided it is impractical to follow up patients a week after starting medication. However, patients and their carers should be informed of the side effects and advised to contact CAMHS if adverse effects occur.The area of practice that can be improved is the documentation of adverse effects at follow-up.Recommendations:All patients to be informed of the common side effects of the medication before it is initiated and advised to contact the CAMHS team if they have concernsAll CAMHS patients started on SSRIs should be followed up within 4-6 weeksAt follow-up any adverse events and clinical response should be discussedAn accurate record of the exchanges of the above information should be documented in the notesRe-audit

Orthodontic Referrals: Electronic versus Paper

The Cwm Taf Community Dental Service (CDS) has previously used a paper system to refer patients to the orthodontic specialists within the Cwm Taf CDS. However, at the beginning of June 2019, an electronic referral system was introduced. Although electronic referrals have had a minimal effect on the overall waiting time for a patient, there has been an improvement in the efficiency of transfer of orthodontic referrals within the CDS. Electronic referral systems have reduced the number of inappropriate referrals, improved patient confidentiality and maintained an accurate record that is accessible from any of the Cwm Taf CDS clinics. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The article highlights the benefits of an electronic referral system with respect to reducing both inappropriate referrals and waiting times.

Automated Procedure Logs for Cardiology Fellows: A New Training Paradigm in the Era of Electronic Health Records

ABSTRACT Background Procedural experience for residents and fellows is critical for achieving competence, and documentation of procedures performed is required. Procedure logs serve as the record of this experience, but are commonly generated manually, require substantial administrative effort, and cannot be corroborated for accuracy. Objective We developed and implemented a structured clinical-educational report template (CERT), which automatically generates procedure logs directly from the clinical record. Methods Our CERT aimed to replace the post-procedure note template for our cardiac catheterization laboratory and was incorporated into the electronic health record system. Numbers of documented procedures in automated CERT-derived procedure logs over a 1-year post-intervention period (2018–2019) were compared to manual logs and corrected for clinical volume changes. The CERT's impact on fellowship experience was also assessed. Results Automated CERT procedure logs increased weekly procedural documentation over manual procedure logs for total procedures (24.2 ± 6.1 vs 17.1 ± 6.8, P = .007), left heart catheterizations (14.5 ± 3.6 vs 10.8 ± 4.2, P = .039), total procedural elements (40.2 ± 11.4 versus 20.9 ± 12.5, P < .001), and captured procedural details not previously documented. The CERT also reduced self-reported administrative time and improved fellowship experience. Conclusions A novel CERT allows procedure logs to be automatically derived from the clinical record and increased the number of documented procedures, compared to manual logging. This innovation ensures an accurate record of procedural experience and reduces self-reported non-educational administrative time for cardiology fellows.

A Study on Morphohistometric Changes of Placenta in Gestational Diabetes- A Comparative Analysis

Introduction:The placenta is a complex fetal organ that fulfills pleotrophic roles during fetal growth. Placenta is the most accurate record of the infant’s prenatal experience. Gestational diabetes is much common than preexisting diabetes .i.e. it complicates 2% to 5% of pregnancies. It seems reasonable to expect that biochemical changes occurring in the pregnant women with diabetes should be reflected in the placental structure. Aim & objectives: In the present study an attempt is made to know the morphological changes of placenta in gestational diabetes mellitus.Subjects and Methods:In this study totally 60 placentae were studied, of which 30 were nondiabetic placentae and 30 from Gestational Diabetic mothers were studied macroscopically. Morphologically the shape, site of attachment of umbilical cord, central thickness of placenta was noted. Birth weight of the neonate and the placental ratio were also recorded. By using routine staining techniques and direct microscopy tissues of Gestational Diabetic placenta were studied qualitatively and compared them with normal placenta.Results:Our study demonstrates that there is a significant increase in weight and central thickness of placenta. Neonatal weight and placental ratio were also increased; there was no change in shape and site of attachment of umbilical cord in case of diabetic placenta when compared to normal. Conclusion:On the basis of results of present study it is concluded that diabetic placentae showed increase in weight and central thickness. Neonatal weight and placental ratio were also increased. These findings indicate that control of hyperglycemia only partially prevents the development of placental abnormalities.

Morphology and biological notes of Macrosiagon octomaculata (Gerstaecker) triungulinid and a summary of the knowledge on immature stages of the genus (Ripiphoridae)

Species of Macrosiagon Hentz are known to be wasp and bee parasitoids. Here, we present information on Macrosiagon octomaculata (Gerstaecker, 1855), including eggs and triungulinids, found on Paepalanthus polyanthus (Bong.) Sano (Eriocaulaceae) blooming in restinga habitat on Santa Catarina Island, South Brazil. This is the first record of an Eriocaulaceae species playing an important role in the Macrosiagon bionomics and the first accurate record of Ripiphoridae for southern Brazil, Santa Catarina state. In the study area, P. polyanthus attracted an inordinate number of insect species and one Thynnidae wasp was captured with a triungulinid on its wing. Eggs and triungulinids were also found on one plant of P. polyanthus and associated with M. octomaculata. We provide descriptions of the female reproductive organs as well as the morphology of the triungulinid of M. octomaculata. A detailed examination of the triungulinid revealed novelties that complement information from previous publications regarding the Ripiphoridae. We also compare triungulinids of M. octomaculata with those of other species, and provide a table summarizing comparative characters. Finally, we provide a table with current information on the recorded host species and immatures of Macrosiagon.

Glasnost’ in Practice

This chapter examines the effects of the Great Reforms of the 1860s on Russia’s emerging public sphere. It starts by examining the more engaging rulership style of the new Emperor, Alexander II. It then discusses the adoption of a new technology, stenography, that was designed to provide an accurate record of proceedings in the new institutions of the reform era. It goes on to consider the workings of those new institutions—the zemstvo, the municipal duma, and the courtroom—with special reference to the scope they offered for oral debate and oratory. The chapter also considers three other important venues for public speaking in the 1860s: the university, the theatre, and the church.

Minutes of Meetings of Directors

The keeping of accurate records of meetings is a fundamental requirement for the efficient management of any institution. As has been discussed in Chapter 17, concerning minutes of shareholders’ meetings, it is important to note that minutes are not a verbatim transcript of the proceedings of a particular meeting, but an accurate record in summary form of what has been debated and decided. In general, minutes of directors’ meetings will record what has been resolved upon, but there may be occasions when the minutes of a board meeting need to record the reasons for a particular decision or the main points arising from a discussion. Where directors of a public listed company have concerns about the way in which that company is being managed or the operation of the board or about a course of action being proposed by the board, the UK Corporate Governance Code requires that directors should ensure that their concerns are recorded in the board minutes if they cannot be resolved. As a matter of practice, directors must appreciate that they may be called to account for their conduct and stewardship of the company’s affairs at any stage, and especially if the company becomes insolvent or

Dogs of the British Antarctic Expedition 1910–13

This article tells the story of the dog teams of the British Antarctic Expedition 1910–13. Its purpose is to establish an accurate record of sledge dog involvement in the expedition. It is not concerned with hypotheses about how a better outcome for the expedition might have been achieved, aiming simply to assemble and analyse verifiable evidence in chronological order. A substantial amount of research has been undertaken. Straightforward details about procurement of the dogs and their main Antarctic journeys have been summarised in tabular form as an accessible reference source for future work. A literature review has been undertaken, finding that none of the reviewed works accurately traces the evolving plans and instructions for the expedition’s dog teams. The story starts with Scott’s September 1909 public fundraising prospectus and goes on to the procurement and training of Huskies from Siberia. It traces the challenges, achievements, attitudes and management decisions that shaped the dogs’ main journeys. It finishes with Terra Nova leaving the Antarctic, with the last 13 dogs in January 1913. The dog teams and their handlers performed well in the Antarctic and successfully completed three of their four main journeys. They made a substantial contribution to the expedition.