scholarly journals Strong Cognitive Symbiosis: Cognitive Computing for Humans

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Csaba Veres
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Alternative Interpretation ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Cognitive Computing ◽  
Computing Systems ◽  
The Public ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Media Hype ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Public Sphere

Cognitive Computing has become somewhat of a rallying call in the technology world, with the promise of new smart services offered by industry giants like IBM and Microsoft. The recent technological advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have thrown into the public sphere some old questions about the relationship between machine computation and human intelligence. Much of the industry and media hype suggests that many traditional challenges have been overcome. On the contrary, our simple examples from language processing demonstrate that present day Cognitive Computing still struggles with fundamental, long-standing problems in AI. An alternative interpretation of cognitive computing is presented, following Licklider's lead in adopting man-computer symbiosis as a metaphor for designing software systems that enhance human cognitive performance. A survey of existing proposals on this view suggests a distinction between weak and strong versions of symbiosis. We propose a Strong Cognitive Symbiosis which dictates an interdependence rather than simply cooperation between human and machine functioning, and introduce new software systems which were designed for cognitive symbiosis. We conclude that strong symbiosis presents a viable new perspective for the design of cognitive computing systems.

Strong Cognitive Symbiosis: Cognitive Computing for Humans

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Csaba Veres
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Alternative Interpretation ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Cognitive Computing ◽  
Computing Systems ◽  
The Public ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Media Hype ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Public Sphere

Cognitive Computing has become somewhat of a rallying call in the technology world, with the promise of new smart services offered by industry giants like IBM and Microsoft. The recent technological advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have thrown into the public sphere some old questions about the relationship between machine computation and human intelligence. Much of the industry and media hype suggests that many traditional challenges have been overcome. On the contrary, our simple examples from language processing demonstrate that present day Cognitive Computing still struggles with fundamental, long-standing problems in AI. An alternative interpretation of cognitive computing is presented, following Licklider's lead in adopting man-computer symbiosis as a metaphor for designing software systems that enhance human cognitive performance. A survey of existing proposals on this view suggests a distinction between weak and strong versions of symbiosis. We propose a Strong Cognitive Symbiosis which dictates an interdependence rather than simply cooperation between human and machine functioning, and introduce new software systems which were designed for cognitive symbiosis. We conclude that strong symbiosis presents a viable new perspective for the design of cognitive computing systems.

scholarly journals Strong Cognitive Symbiosis: Cognitive Computing for Humans

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Csaba Veres
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Cognitive Computing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Media Hype ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Relationship Benefits ◽  
The Relationship

Cognitive Computing has become a catchphrase in the technology world, with the promiseof new smart services offered by industry giants like IBM and Google. Recent technological advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have thrown into the public sphere some old questions about the relationship between machine computation and human intelligence. While much of the industry and media hype suggests that many traditional challenges have been overcome, we show examples from language processing which demonstrate that present day Cognitive Computing still struggles with fundamental, long-standing problems with AI. An alternative conceptualization of artificial intelligence is presented, following Licklider’s lead in adopting man-computer symbiosis as a metaphor for designing software systems that enhance human cognitive performance. A survey of existing proposals based on this view suggests that a distinction can be made between weak and strong versions of symbiosis. We propose a Strong Cognitive Symbiosis which dictates an interdependence rather than simply cooperation between human and machine functioning, and show two systems under development where the symbiotic relationship benefits both actors in achieving the task outcome.

Scholarly Identity in an Increasingly Open and Digitally Connected World

2019 ◽  
pp. 579-588
Author(s):  
Olga Belikov ◽  
Royce M. Kimmons
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Scholarship ◽  
Authentic Identity ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Digital Scholarship ◽  
Participatory Technologies ◽  
Scholarly Identity ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The Relationship

Scholarly practices are constantly evolving alongside the technological advances and social factors that support them. Modern advances of participatory technologies influence what it means to be a scholar in our time. This chapter explores emergent forms of technology-influenced scholarship, identifies broad categorizations of these practices (including digital scholarship, social scholarship, open scholarship, public scholarship, and networked participatory scholarship), and discusses common themes and implications within a larger framework of their effect on scholarly identity. Understanding the relationship between emergent forms of scholarship and the technologies with which they co-evolve may enable scholars to participate more meaningfully in the public sphere while still preserving their values and authentic identity.

scholarly journals INDEPENDENCE THROUGH DATA JOURNALISM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avner Kantor ◽  
Sheizaf Rafaeli
Keyword(s):  
Direct Access ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Audience Engagement ◽  
Steep Learning Curve ◽  
The Public ◽  
Data Journalism ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Access To Data ◽  
Insight Into

Data journalism (DJ) fosters audience independence. It encourages content exploration through visualizations, storytelling, and direct access to data sources. DJ assists the audience to be well informed, cognitively active, and contribute to the public sphere. Achieving this objective indicates the audience's independence. How independent is the audience of DJ? This question is answered based on the level of engagement of the audience. A low level of engagement prevents the audience from helping each other to interpret the dominant meaning and to identify its deficiencies. When the audience is engaged, they are able to reframe the message from a new perspective, challenging their understanding of the message. By analyzing the audience engagement levels and comparing different types of journalism we gain insight into audience behavior. We found a significant correlation between DJ audience engagement and time. This trend may be explained by the steep learning curve of DJ, which requires a special set of skills, in addition to the willingness to analyze and discuss interpretations with others. On the basis of the trend, we can conclude that over time, the audience became familiar with DJ and adopted it. Results could contribute to the realization of the internet's original promise to make the general public independent by providing free access to information.

Scholarly Identity in an Increasingly Open and Digitally Connected World

2018 ◽  
pp. 6779-6787
Author(s):  
Olga Belikov ◽  
Royce M. Kimmons
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Scholarship ◽  
Authentic Identity ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Digital Scholarship ◽  
Participatory Technologies ◽  
Scholarly Identity ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The Relationship

Scholarly practices are constantly evolving alongside the technological advances and social factors that support them. Modern advances of participatory technologies influence what it means to be a scholar in our time. This chapter explores emergent forms of technology-influenced scholarship, identifies broad categorizations of these practices (including digital scholarship, social scholarship, open scholarship, public scholarship, and networked participatory scholarship, and discusses common themes and implications within a larger framework of their effect on scholarly identity. Understanding the relationship between emergent forms of scholarship and the technologies with which they co-evolve may enable scholars to participate more meaningfully in the public sphere while still preserving their values and authentic identity.

Hexerei in Nigeria zwischen Christentum, Islam und traditionellen Praktiken

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Bachmann
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
Research Material ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The University

This study offers a new perspective on witchcraft in Africa. Based on ethnographic research material, it examines Muslim, Christian and traditional Yoruba concepts of witchcraft in the 21st century, presenting them in the contexts of witchcraft in the public sphere, witchcraft and religion, and witchcraft and gender dynamics. Using Yoruba witchcraft history, the author contextualises these local understandings as positions within a global debate on witchcraft. The study is aimed at those interested in ethnology, sociology, religious studies, political science, theology and development work. The author, Judith Bachmann, is a research and teaching fellow at the University of Heidelberg, whose research focuses on religion in Africa.

scholarly journals Brevity is the Soul of Twitter: The Constraint Affordance and Political Discussion

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kokil Jaidka ◽  
Alvin Zhou ◽  
Yphtach Lelkes
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Political Discussion ◽  
The Public ◽  
Series Design ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Technological Affordances

Abstract Many hoped that social networking sites would allow for the open exchange of information and a revival of the public sphere. Unfortunately, conversations on social media are often toxic and not conducive to healthy political discussions. Twitter, the most widely used social network for political discussions, doubled the limit of characters in a tweet in November 2017, which provided an opportunity to study the effect of technological affordances on political discussions using a discontinuous time series design. Using supervised and unsupervised natural language processing methods, we analyzed 358,242 tweet replies to U.S. politicians from January 2017 to March 2018. We show that doubling the permissible length of a tweet led to less uncivil, more polite, and more constructive discussions online. However, the declining trend in the empathy and respectfulness of these tweets raises concerns about the implications of the changing norms for the quality of political deliberation.

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