scholarly journals Lepton Pair Production with Only One Charge Available - Neutrino

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Lehto
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Dynamical Systems ◽  
Rest Mass ◽  
Period Doubling ◽  
Muon Decay ◽  
Lepton Pair ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamical ◽  
Lepton Pair Production ◽  
Electron Positron ◽  
Stable Means ◽  
Electrically Charged

According to observations leptons are always produced in pairs. Both particles can be electrically charged, or just one, in which case the charged particle is accompanied by a particle specific neutrino. The period doubling process in nonlinear dynamical systems creates stable pair structures from the Planck units. The electron-positron pair is one of the stable structures, and the rest mass, electric charge and magnetic moment can be accurately calculated by the period doubling process. That the pair structure is stable means, that e.g., an electron and a positron are always born together. In the muon decay one of the pair is charged, while the other remains chargeless because there is only one charge available. It is suggested in this article that neutrino is the chargeless part of the lepton pair.

scholarly journals Experimental tests of quantum chromodynamics

1982 ◽  
Vol 304 (1482) ◽  
pp. 23-41 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pair Production ◽  
Quantum Chromodynamics ◽  
Momentum Transfer ◽  
Positron Annihilation ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Lepton Pair ◽  
Lepton Pair Production ◽  
Electron Positron Annihilation ◽  
Electron Positron ◽  
Momentum Transfer Range

Experimental results from deep inelastic lepton—nucleon scattering, from electron - positron annihilation to hadrons and from massive lepton - pair production in hadron collisions, are discussed. The data obtained so far give qualitative support for Q C D . Serious quantitative comparisons are beset with difficulties, which arise first because of discrepancies between different experiments, and secondly because in addition to the perturbative effects that have been calculated theoretically, there are non-perturbative contributions for which there are no reliable estimates. These appear to be important in the momentum transfer range that can be investigated experimentally at present.

NOISE-INDUCED BACKWARD BIFURCATIONS OF STOCHASTIC 3D-CYCLES

2010 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. 89-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. BASHKIRTSEVA ◽  
L. RYASHKO ◽  
P. STIKHIN
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Limit Cycles ◽  
Noise Intensity ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamical Systems ◽  
Period Doubling ◽  
Sensitivity Function ◽  
Function Technique ◽  
Stochastic Bifurcation ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamical ◽  
General Method

We study stochastically forced multiple limit cycles of nonlinear dynamical systems in a period-doubling bifurcation zone. Noise-induced transitions between separate parts of the cycle are considered. A phenomenon of a decreasing of the stochastic cycle multiplicity with a noise intensity growth is investigated. We call it by a backward stochastic bifurcation (BSB). In this paper, for the BSB analysis we suggest a stochastic sensitivity function technique. As a result, a method for the estimation of critical values of noise intensity corresponding to BSB is proposed. The constructive possibilities of this general method for the detailed BSB analysis of the multiple stochastic cycles of the forced Roessler system are demonstrated.

scholarly journals Fundamental Constants in Time from the Big-Bang

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heikki Sipilä ◽  
Ari Lehto
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Dynamical Systems ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Period Doubling ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Atomic Spectroscopy ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Theoretical Interpretation ◽  
Fundamental Constants ◽  
Spatial Direction ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamical

Our understanding and theoretical interpretation of observations in astrophysics and cosmology depends on our knowledge of the fundamental constants and their possible dependence on time and space. Atomic spectroscopy and radio astronomy give important information on the validity and stability of the fundamental constants. The possible dependence of the fine structure constant alpha on time and spatial direction is an active topic of research.Period doubling is a universal property of nonlinear dynamical systems, and the doubling is exact in principle. The value of the elementary charge squared can be calculated by the period doubling process from the Planck charge and thereby the value of alpha.If ‘old’ and ‘new’ electrons are identical, then the Planck charge, i.e. a set of natural constants, has remained constant over time. In this article we show that the value of alpha calculated from the Planck charge is 0.007 % larger than the current accepted value of alpha.

The Effects of Symmetry Breaking Perturbation on the Dynamics of a Novel Chaotic System with Cyclic Symmetry: Theoretical Analysis and Circuit Realization

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Kengne ◽  
Sandrine Zoulewa Dountsop ◽  
Jean Chamberlain Chedjou ◽  
Khabibullo Nosirov
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Dynamical Systems ◽  
Period Doubling ◽  
Cyclic Symmetry ◽  
Multiple Attractors ◽  
Circuit Realization ◽  
Analog Device ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamical ◽  
The One ◽  
Parameter Ranges ◽  
New System

Symmetry is an important property shared by a large number of nonlinear dynamical systems. Although the study of nonlinear systems with a symmetry property is very well documented, the literature has no sufficient investigation on the important issues concerning the behavior of such systems when their symmetry is broken or altered. In this work, we introduce a novel autonomous 3D system with cyclic symmetry having a piecewise quadratic nonlinearity [Formula: see text] where parameter [Formula: see text] is fixed and parameter [Formula: see text] controls the symmetry and the nonlinearity of the model. Obviously, for [Formula: see text] the system presents both cyclic and inversion symmetries while the inversion symmetry is explicitly broken for [Formula: see text]. We consider in detail the dynamics of the new system for both two regimes of operation by using classical nonlinear analysis tools (e.g. bifurcation diagrams, plots of largest Lyapunov exponents, phase space trajectory plots, etc.). Several nonlinear patterns are reported such as period doubling, periodic windows, parallel bifurcation branches, hysteresis, transient chaos, and the coexistence of multiple attractors of different topologies as well. One of the most gratifying features of the new system introduced in this work is the existence of several parameter ranges for which up to twelve disconnected periodic and chaotic attractors coexist. This latter feature is rarely reported, at least for a simple system like the one discussed in this work. An electronic analog device of the new cyclic system is designed and implemented in PSpice. A very good agreement is observed between PSpice simulation and the theoretical results.

CANDYS/QA—A SOFTWARE SYSTEM FOR QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF NONLINEAR DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS

1992 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 773-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
ULRIKE FEUDEL ◽  
WOLFGANG JANSEN
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamical Systems ◽  
Period Doubling ◽  
Path Following ◽  
Invariant Sets ◽  
Software System ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamical ◽  
Bifurcation Phenomena ◽  
Two Parameter

Numerical methods are often needed if bifurcation phenomena in nonlinear dynamical systems are studied. In this paper the software system CANDYS/QA for numerical qualitative analysis is presented. A wide class of problems is treated: computation of invariant sets (e.g., steady-states and periodic orbits), path-following (continuation) of such sets, and the related bifurcation phenomena. The following bifurcation situations are detected and the corresponding critical points are calculated during path-following: turning, bifurcation, Hopf bifurcation, period-doubling, torus bifurcation points (one-parameter problems) as well as cusp and Takens-Bogdanov points (two-parameter problems). A number of newly developed methods (e.g., for computation of the Poincaré map) as well as algorithms from the literature are described to demonstrate the whole procedure of a qualitative analysis by numerical means. An illustrative example analyzed by CANDYS/QA is included.

ANALYTICAL DYNAMICS OF PERIOD-m FLOWS AND CHAOS IN NONLINEAR SYSTEMS

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (04) ◽  
pp. 1250093 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALBERT C. J. LUO ◽  
JIANZHE HUANG
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Analytical Solutions ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamical Systems ◽  
Duffing Oscillator ◽  
Harmonic Balance Method ◽  
Period Doubling ◽  
Nonlinear Damping ◽  
Periodic Motions ◽  
Chaotic Motions ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamical

In this paper, the analytical solutions for period-m flows and chaos in nonlinear dynamical systems are presented through the generalized harmonic balance method. The nonlinear damping, periodically forced, Duffing oscillator was investigated as an example to demonstrate the analytical solutions of periodic motions and chaos. Through this investigation, the mechanism for a period-m motion jumping to another period-n motion in numerical computation is found. In this problem, the Hopf bifurcation of periodic motions is equivalent to the period-doubling bifurcation via Poincare mappings of dynamical systems. The stable and unstable period-m motions can be obtained analytically. Even more, the stable and unstable chaotic motions can be achieved analytically. The methodology presented in this paper can be applied to other nonlinear vibration systems, which is independent of small parameters.

scholarly journals PERIOD DOUBLING, INFORMATION ENTROPY, AND ESTIMATES FOR FEIGENBAUM'S CONSTANTS

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1350190 ◽  
Author(s):  
REGINALD D. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Information Entropy ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamical Systems ◽  
Golden Ratio ◽  
Period Doubling ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamical ◽  
Universal Scaling ◽  
Combine Information ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Feigenbaum’S Constants ◽  
Period Doubling Bifurcations

The relationship between period-doubling bifurcations and Feigenbaum's constants has been studied for nearly 40 years and this relationship has helped uncover many fundamental aspects of universal scaling across multiple nonlinear dynamical systems. This paper will combine information entropy with symbolic dynamics to demonstrate how period doubling can be defined using these tools alone. In addition, the technique allows us to uncover some unexpected, simple estimates for Feigenbaum's constants which relate them to log 2 and the golden ratio, φ, as well as to each other.

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