scholarly journals Patients With Axial Spondyloarthritis Show an Altered Flexion/Relaxation Phenomenon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Concepción Aranda-Valera ◽  
Juan Luis Garrido-Castro ◽  
Alfonso Martinez-Galisteo ◽  
Jose Peña-Amaro ◽  
Cristina Gonzalez-Navas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Axial Spondyloarthritis ◽  
Criterion Validity ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Relaxation Phenomenon ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Flexion Relaxation Phenomenon ◽  
Flexion Relaxation ◽  
Semg Activity

Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic rheumatic disease characterised by the presence of inflammatory back pain. In patients with chronic low back pain, the lumbar flexion relaxation phenomenon measured by surface electromiography (sEMG) differs from that in healthy individuals. However, sEMG activity in axSpA patients has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to analyse the flexion relaxation phenomenon in axSpA patients. A study evaluating 39 axSpA patients and 35 healthy controls was conducted. sEMG activity at the erector spinae muscles was measured during lumbar full flexion movements. sEMG activity was compared between axSpA patients and the controls, as well as between active (BASDAI≥4) and non-active (BASDAI<4) patients. The reliability (using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC)), criterion validity and discriminant validity using the area Under the curve (AUC) for the inverse flexion/relaxation ratio (1/FRR) were evaluated. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed between axSpA patients and the control group in lumbar electric activity, especially during flexion, relaxation and extension and in FRR and 1/FRR (0.66±0.39 vs. 0.25±0.19, respectively). In addition, significant differences were found between active and non-active but also between non-active and healthy subjects. The sEMG showed good reliability (ICC>0.8 for 1/FRR) and criterion validity. ROC analysis showed good discriminant validity for axSpA patients (AUC=0.835) vs. the control group using 1/FRR. An abnormal flexion/relaxation phenomenon exists in axSpA patients compared with controls. sEMG could be an additional objective tool in the evaluation of patient function and disease activity status.

scholarly journals Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis Show an Altered Flexion/Relaxation Phenomenon

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 810
Author(s):  
I. Concepción Aranda-Valera ◽  
Juan Luis Garrido-Castro ◽  
Alfonso Martínez-Galisteo ◽  
José Peña-Amaro ◽  
Cristina González-Navas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Axial Spondyloarthritis ◽  
Criterion Validity ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Relaxation Phenomenon ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Flexion Relaxation Phenomenon ◽  
Flexion Relaxation ◽  
Semg Activity

Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic rheumatic disease characterized by the presence of inflammatory back pain. In patients with chronic low back pain, the lumbar flexion relaxation phenomenon measured by surface electromyography (sEMG) differs from that in healthy individuals. However, sEMG activity in axSpA patients has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to analyze the flexion relaxation phenomenon in axSpA patients. A study evaluating 39 axSpA patients and 35 healthy controls was conducted. sEMG activity at the erector spinae muscles was measured during lumbar full flexion movements. sEMG activity was compared between axSpA patients and the controls, as well as between active (BASDAI ≥ 4) and non-active (BASDAI < 4) patients. The reliability (using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC)), criterion validity and discriminant validity using the area Under the curve (AUC) for the inverse flexion/relaxation ratio (1/FRR) were evaluated. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed between axSpA patients and the control group in lumbar electric activity, especially during flexion, relaxation, and extension and in FRR and 1/FRR (0.66 ± 0.39 vs. 0.25 ± 0.19, respectively). In addition, significant differences were found between active and non-active but also between non-active and healthy subjects. The sEMG showed good reliability (ICC > 0.8 for 1/FRR) and criterion validity. ROC analysis showed good discriminant validity for axSpA patients (AUC = 0.835) vs. the control group using 1/FRR. An abnormal flexion/relaxation phenomenon exists in axSpA patients compared with controls. sEMG could be an additional objective tool in the evaluation of patient function and disease activity status.

scholarly journals Comparison of Flexion Relaxation Phenomenon Between Female Yogis and Matched Non- Athlete Group

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzyeh Ramezani ◽  
Amin Kordi Yoosefinejad ◽  
Alireza Motealleh ◽  
Mohsen Ghofrani-Jahromi
Keyword(s):  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Relaxation Phenomenon ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Trunk Flexion ◽  
Lumbar Flexion ◽  
Trunk Inclination ◽  
Forward Bending ◽  
Flexion Relaxation Phenomenon ◽  
Flexion Relaxation ◽  
Yoga Practitioners

Abstract Background: Trunk flexion is a common exercise during daily activities. Flexion relaxation phenomenon (FRP) occurs during forward bending in which there is a sudden silence of erector spinae (ES) muscles. The pattern of forward bending differs in yoga practitioners. This learned pattern probably predisposes yogis to injuries.The hypothesis of this study was that FRP differs in yogis in comparison to non-yogis individuals.Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was performed on 60 women assigned into yogis and non-athlete groups. Each participant was asked to bend forward and then return to the initial position. ES activity was recorded at L3 level, 4 cm from mid line during the trial. Trunk inclination and lumbar flexion angles were calculated at FRP onset and cessation moments. Results: The FRP phenomenon occurred in 80% of yoga practitioners in comparison to 96.7% in the control group. Trunk inclination angle was significantly greater at FRP initiation in yogis compared to control group. Lumbar flexion angle was not different between the groups. Conclusions: It is concluded that the altered pattern of forward bending observed in yogis may change patterns of ES muscles activity if it becomes part of a person's daily lifestyle which might predispose these muscles to fatigue and subsequent injuries.

scholarly journals Electromyography Pattern Likelihood Analysis for Flexion-Relaxation Phenomenon Evaluation

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2046
Author(s):  
Michele Paoletti ◽  
Alberto Belli ◽  
Lorenzo Palma ◽  
Paola Pierleoni
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Relaxation Phenomenon ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Myoelectric Activity ◽  
Back Muscles ◽  
Likelihood Analysis ◽  
Validity Range ◽  
Flexion Relaxation Phenomenon ◽  
Flexion Relaxation

The myoelectric activity of the back muscles can be studied to evaluate the flexion-relaxation phenomenon and find differences between electromyography patterns on different subjects. In this paper, we propose an algorithm able to provide a myoelectric silence evaluation based on the data acquired from a wireless body sensor network consisting of surface electromyography sensors in association with a wearable inertial measurement unit. From the study group was chosen a gold standard subject, a healthy control with the best regular patterns, as a reference to find a first validity range. Through the subsequent iterations, the range was modified to include the other healthy subjects who showed muscle relaxation according to the previous ranges. Through this likelihood analysis, we want to compare patterns on different channels, identified by the electromyography root mean squared values, to study and find with iterations a validity range for the myoelectric activity silence identification and classification. The proposed algorithm was tested by processing the data collected in an acquisition campaign conducted to evaluate the flexion-relaxation phenomenon on the back muscles of subjects with and without lower back pain. The results show that the submitted method is significant for the clinical assessment of electromyography activity patterns to evaluate which are the subjects that have patterns near or far from the gold standard. This analysis is useful both for prevention and for assessing the progress of subjects with low back pain undergoing physiotherapy.

scholarly journals Changing the pattern of the back-muscle flexion–relaxation phenomenon through flexibility training in relatively inflexible young men

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259619
Author(s):  
Yi-Lang Chen ◽  
Wei-Cheng Lin ◽  
Ying-Hua Liao ◽  
Yi Chen ◽  
Pei-Yu Kang
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Tilt ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Relaxation Phenomenon ◽  
Trunk Flexion ◽  
Back Muscle ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Flexion Relaxation Phenomenon ◽  
Flexibility Training ◽  
Flexion Relaxation

Although several studies have investigated the back-muscle flexion–relaxation phenomenon (FRP), the effect of individual flexibility on the FRP has been discussed infrequently, with very limited data on the influence of flexibility training on the FRP. This study thus examined the effect of flexibility training on the change of back-muscle FRP pattern in relatively inflexible young men. We collected and analyzed the valid data from 20 male participants (10 each with high and low flexibility included in the control and trained groups, respectively) when flexing their trunks at seven trunk flexion positions (0°–90°, in increments of 15°); their erector spinae and hamstring activation, pelvic tilt, and lumbosacral angle were then recorded. After 7 weeks of flexibility training for the low-flexibility group, no difference in flexibility was discovered between this group and the control (originally high-flexibility) group. The trunk flexion experiment was then repeated. The results showed that before the training stage, the low-flexibility group had lower erector spinae and higher hamstring activation, a larger pelvic tilt, and a smaller lumbosacral angle. By contrast, after training, the erector spinae and hamstring activation, pelvic tilt, and lumbosacral angle were significantly changed, and no intergroup differences were observed in FRP patterns. The study results suggest that flexibility training changes lumbopelvic movement and thereby reduces the degree of the back-muscle FRP when trunk flexion is performed.

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