The probability of human exposure to damaging radiation is increased in activities associated with long-term space flight, medical radiation therapies, and responses to nuclear accidents.
Loss of muscle mass in microgravity is one of the primary factors limiting long-term space flight [1]. NASA researchers have developed a number of exercise devices to address this problem. The most recent is the Advanced Resistive Exercise Device (ARED) [2], which is currently used by astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS) to emulate typical free-weight exercises in microgravity. ARED exercise on the ISS is intended to reproduce Earth-level muscle loads, but the actual muscle loads produced remain unknown as they cannot currently be measured directly.
The article describes the factors of a long-term space flight associated with the risk of ocular pathology, including the established risk of space neuroocular syndrome (SANS). The mechanisms of intraocular hydrodynamic disturbance and their potential role in the development of SANS are considered. The results of the studies concerning the hydrodynamics of the eye in the conditions of simulated microgravity are presented.