scholarly journals A sufficient condition for the existence of a k-factor excluding a given r-factor

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sizhong Zhou ◽  
Lan Xu ◽  
Yang Xu

AbstractLet G be a graph, and let k, r be nonnegative integers with k ≥ 2. A k-factor of G is a spanning subgraph F of G such that dF(x) = k for each x ∈ V (G), where dF(x) denotes the degree of x in F. For S ⊆ V (G), NG(S) = ∪x∊SNG(x). The binding number of G is defined by bind$\begin{array}{} (G) = {\rm{min }}\{ \frac{{|{N_G}(S)|}}{{|S|}}:\emptyset \ne S \subset V(G),{N_G}(S) \ne V(G)\} \end{array}$. In this paper, we obtain a binding number and neighborhood condition for a graph to have a k-factor excluding a given r-factor. This result is an extension of the previous results.

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-384
Author(s):  
Sizhong Zhou

AbstractLet G be a graph of order p, let a, b, and n be nonnegative integers with 1 ≤ a < b, and let g and f be two integer-valued functions defined on V(G) such that a ≤ g(x) < f (x) ≤ b for all x ∈ V(G). A (g, f )-factor of graph G is a spanning subgraph F of G such that g(x) ≤ dF(x) ≤ f (x) for each x ∈ V(F). Then a graph G is called (g, f, n)-critical if after deleting any n vertices of G the remaining graph of G has a (g, f )-factor. The binding number bind(G) of G is the minimum value of |NG(X)|/|X| taken over all non-empty subsets X of V(G) such that NG(X) ≠ V(G). In this paper, it is proved that G is a (g, f, n)-critical graph ifFurthermore, it is shown that this result is best possible in some sense.


Author(s):  
Guowei Dai ◽  
Zan-Bo Zhang ◽  
Yicheng Hang ◽  
Xiaoyan Zhang

A spanning subgraph of a graph $G$ is called a path-factor of $G$ if its each component is a path. A path-factor is called a $\mathcal{P}_{\geq k}$-factor of $G$ if its each component admits at least $k$ vertices, where $k\geq2$. Zhang and Zhou [\emph{Discrete Mathematics}, \textbf{309}, 2067-2076 (2009)] defined the concept of $\mathcal{P}_{\geq k}$-factor covered graphs, i.e., $G$ is called a $\mathcal{P}_{\geq k}$-factor covered graph if it has a $\mathcal{P}_{\geq k}$-factor covering $e$ for any $e\in E(G)$. In this paper, we firstly obtain a minimum degree condition for a planar graph being a $\mathcal{P}_{\geq 2}$-factor and $\mathcal{P}_{\geq 3}$-factor covered graph, respectively. Secondly, we investigate the relationship between the maximum degree of any pairs of non-adjacent vertices and $\mathcal{P}_{\geq k}$-factor covered graphs, and obtain a sufficient condition for the existence of $\mathcal{P}_{\geq2}$-factor and $\mathcal{P}_{\geq 3}$-factor covered graphs, respectively.


2010 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sizhong Zhou
Keyword(s):  

Let $k\geq 2$ be an integer, and let $G$ be a graph of order $n$ with $n\geq4k-5$. A graph $G$ is a fractional $k$-deleted graph if there exists a fractional $k$-factor after deleting any edge of $G$. The binding number of $G$ is defined as 26741 {\operatorname {bind}} (G)=\min\left\{\frac{|N_G(X)|}{|X|}:\emptyset\neq X\subseteq V(G),N_G(X)\neq V(G)\right\}. 26741 In this paper, it is proved that if ${\operatorname {bind}} (G)>\frac{(2k-1)(n-1)}{k(n-2)}$, then $G$ is a fractional $k$-deleted graph. Furthermore, it is shown that the result in this paper is best possible in some sense.


Author(s):  
Sizhong Zhou ◽  
Zhiren Sun ◽  
Hongxia Liu

A $P_{\geq k}$-factor of a graph $G$ is a spanning subgraph of $G$ whose components are paths of order at least $k$. We say that a graph $G$ is $P_{\geq k}$-factor covered if for every edge $e\in E(G)$, $G$ admits a $P_{\geq k}$-factor that contains $e$; and we say that a graph $G$ is $P_{\geq k}$-factor uniform if for every edge $e\in E(G)$, the graph $G-e$ is $P_{\geq k}$-factor covered. In other words, $G$ is $P_{\geq k}$-factor uniform if for every pair of edges $e_1,e_2\in E(G)$, $G$ admits a $P_{\geq k}$-factor that contains $e_1$ and avoids $e_2$. In this article, we testify that (\romannumeral1) a 3-edge-connected graph $G$ is $P_{\geq2}$-factor uniform if its isolated toughness $I(G)>1$; (\romannumeral2) a 3-edge-connected graph $G$ is $P_{\geq3}$-factor uniform if its isolated toughness $I(G)>2$. Furthermore, we explain that these conditions on isolated toughness and edge-connectivity in our main results are best possible in some sense.


2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sizhong Zhou ◽  
Jiashang Jiang

Let G be a graph of order n, and let a, b, k be nonnegative integers with 1 ≤ a < b. An [a, b]-factor of graph G is defined as a spanning subgraph F of G such that a ≤ dF(x) ≤ b for each x ϵ V (F). Then a graph G is called an (a, b, k)-critical graph if after deleting any k vertices of G the remaining graph of G has an [a, b]-factor. In this paper, it is proved that G is an (a, b, k)-critical graph if the binding number and Furthermore, it is showed that the result in this paper is best possible in some sense.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 12460-12470
Author(s):  
Sizhong Zhou ◽  
◽  
Jiang Xu ◽  
Lan Xu ◽  

<abstract><p>Let $ G $ be a graph. For a set $ \mathcal{H} $ of connected graphs, an $ \mathcal{H} $-factor of a graph $ G $ is a spanning subgraph $ H $ of $ G $ such that every component of $ H $ is isomorphic to a member of $ \mathcal{H} $. A graph $ G $ is called an $ (\mathcal{H}, m) $-factor deleted graph if for every $ E'\subseteq E(G) $ with $ |E'| = m $, $ G-E' $ admits an $ \mathcal{H} $-factor. A graph $ G $ is called an $ (\mathcal{H}, n) $-factor critical graph if for every $ N\subseteq V(G) $ with $ |N| = n $, $ G-N $ admits an $ \mathcal{H} $-factor. Let $ m $, $ n $ and $ k $ be three nonnegative integers with $ k\geq2 $, and write $ \mathcal{F} = \{P_2, C_3, P_5, \mathcal{T}(3)\} $ and $ \mathcal{H} = \{K_{1, 1}, K_{1, 2}, \cdots, K_{1, k}, \mathcal{T}(2k+1)\} $, where $ \mathcal{T}(3) $ and $ \mathcal{T}(2k+1) $ are two special families of trees. In this article, we verify that (i) a $ (2m+1) $-connected graph $ G $ is an $ (\mathcal{F}, m) $-factor deleted graph if its binding number $ bind(G)\geq\frac{4m+2}{2m+3} $; (ii) an $ (n+2) $-connected graph $ G $ is an $ (\mathcal{F}, n) $-factor critical graph if its binding number $ bind(G)\geq\frac{2+n}{3} $; (iii) a $ (2m+1) $-connected graph $ G $ is an $ (\mathcal{H}, m) $-factor deleted graph if its binding number $ bind(G)\geq\frac{2}{2k-1} $; (iv) an $ (n+2) $-connected graph $ G $ is an $ (\mathcal{H}, n) $-factor critical graph if its binding number $ bind(G)\geq\frac{2+n}{2k+1} $.</p></abstract>


2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1693-1702
Author(s):  
Cosmas Parwada ◽  
Johan van Tol

The study aims to map areas sensitive to erosion by water and rainfall erosivity after addition of organic matter (OM) in highly unstable soils. A soil association map was created using digital soil mapping methodology. Soil samples from six soil associations were incubated and analysed for several soil erodibility measures and inferred to the soil association map. Soil stabilization against soil erosion by use of OM was evaluated for 30 weeks under two simulated rainstorms, intermittent rainstorms (IR) and single rainstorm (SR). Rainfall erosivity (R-factor) was calculated from theduration of a rainstorm and the total amount of rainfall received under rainfall simulations. Erodibility factor (K-factor) was estimated using the soil OM content and texture. Largest area (40%) was covered by shallow soils and K-factor range of 0.0693-0.0778 t.ha.hha-1MJ-1mm-1. Largest (60.2%) area had a structural stability index of 0.8 and 42.7% of the area was covered by a dispersion ratio value range of 0.65-0.70. The area size with erosion rates of > 15 t/ha/yr was drastically reduced from 1 to 8 weeks after OM application thereafter gradually increased under both IR and SR.  Soil erosion rates of < 5 t-1 ha-1 yr-1 and > 15 t-1 ha-1 yr-1 were most and least observed respectively under both storms. R-factor was higher under IR than SR and the smallest areas with soil erosion rates of > 15 t-1 ha-1 yr-1 contributed most to the lost soil. Organic matter confers soil resistance to erosion up to a certain period before losing its effectiveness. The study provided first assessment of erosion dynamics, basis for identifying  conservation priorities which may be applicable in similar areas. Keywords: Erosivity, planning, rainstorm, soil conservation, soil degradation


10.37236/3095 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Bednarska-Bzdęga

We study biased $(a:f)$ Avoider-Forcer games played on hypergraphs, in the strict and monotone versions.  We give a sufficient condition for Avoider's win, useful  in the case of games on hypergraphs whose rank is smaller than $f$.  We apply this result to estimate the threshold bias in Avoider-Forcer $(1:f)$ games in which Avoider is trying not to build a copy of a fixed graph $G$ in $K_n$. We also study the $d$-degree $(1:f)$ game in which  Avoider's aim is to avoid a spanning subgraph of the minimal degree at least $d$ in $K_n$. We show that the strict 1-degree game has the threshold which is the same as the threshold of the Avoider-Forcer connectivity game. 


2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
. Aflizar ◽  
Roni Afrizal ◽  
Tsugiyuki Masunaga

Quantitative evaluation of soil erosion rate is an important basic to investigate and improve land use system, which has not been sufficiently conducted in Indonesia.  The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and Erosion Three Dimension (E3D) in Surfer were used to identify characteristic of dominant erosion factors in Sumani Watershed in West Sumatra, Indonesia using data soil survey and monitoring sediment yield in outlet watershed.  Climatology data from three stations were used to calculate Rainfall erosivity (R) factor. As many as101 sampling sites were used to investigate soil erodibility (K-factor) with physico-chemical laboratory analysis. Digital elevation model (DEM) of Sumani Watershed was used to calculate slope length and Steepness (LS-factor). Landsat TM imagery and field survey were used to determine crop management (C-factor) and conservation practices (P-factor). Calculating soil loss and map of USLE factor were determined by Kriging method in Surfer 9. Sumani Watershed had erosion hazard in criteria as: severe to extreme severe (26.23%), moderate (24.59%) and very low to low (49.18%).  Annual average soil loss for Sumani watershed was 76.70 Mg ha-1 y-1 in 2011. Upland area was designated as having a severe to extreme severe erosion hazard compared to lowland which was designated  as having very less to moderate.  On the other land, soil eroded from upland were deposited in lowland. These results were verified by comparing one year’s sediment yield observation on the outlet of the watershed. Land use (C-factor), rainfall erosivity (R- factor), soil erodibility (K-factor), slope length and steepness (LS-factor) were dominant factors that affected soil erosion. Traditional soil conservation practices were applied by farmer for a long time such as terrace in Sawah.  The USLE model in Surfer was used to identify specific regions susceptible to soil erosion by water and was also applied to identify suitable sites to conduct soil conservation planning in Sumani Watershed.[How to Cite : Aflizar, R Afrizal, T Masunaga. 2013. Assessment Erosion 3D Hazard with USLE and Surfer Tool: A Case Study of Sumani Watershed in West Sumatra Indonesia. J Trop Soils, 18 (1): 81-92. doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.1.81][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.1.81]


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