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2022 ◽  
pp. 130-141
Author(s):  
Rizky Wandri ◽  
Anggi Hanafiah

Determination of sales patterns is very important in marketing. Sales pattern serves to conduct an effective analysis in improving marketing. Sales analysis aims to explore new knowledge that can help design effective strategies by utilizing sales transaction data. This study processes sales data for 12 transaction days containing 47 items using the Fp-Growth algorithm. The results of this study are items with a minimum value of support > 0.10 and confidence 0.60 and will be compared with testing data using RapidMiner to test whether the results are valid so that the test results can help in designing sales strategies.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Keramatlou ◽  
Nikbakhsh Javadian ◽  
Hosein Didehkhani ◽  
Mohammad Amirkhan

Abstract In this paper, a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) is modeled to obtain the best location of retailers and allocate them to other utilities. The structure of CLSC includes production centers, retailers’ centers, probabilistic customers, collection, and disposal centers. In this research, two strategies are considered to find the best location for retailers by focusing on 1- the type of expected movement 2- expected coverage (distance and time) for minimizing the costs and maximizing the profit by considering the probabilistic customer and uncertainly demand. First of all, the expected distances between customers and retailers are calculated per movement method. These values are compared with the Maximum expected coverage distance of retailers, which is displayed in algorithm 1 heuristically, and the minimum value is picked. Also, to allocate customers to retailers, considering the customer's movement methods and comparing it with Maximum expected coverage time, which is presented in Algorithm 2 heuristically, the minimum value is chosen to this end, a bi-objective nonlinear programming model is proposed. This model concurrently compares Strategies 1 and 2 to select the best competitor. Based on the chosen strategy, the best allocation is determined by employing two heuristic algorithms, and the locations of the best retailers are determined. As the proposed model is NP-hard, a meta-heuristics (non-dominated sorting genetic) algorithm is employed for the solution process. Afterward, the effectiveness of the proposed model is validated and confirmed, and the obtained results are analyzed. For this purpose, a numerical example is given and solved through the optimization software.


2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0

The Cubic Cell Formation Problem (CCFP) in cellular manufacturing systems consists in decomposing a production system into a set of manufacturing cells, and assigning workers to cells besides parts and machines. The major objective is to obtain manageable cells. Manageable cells mean cells with a minimum value of inter-cell moves of parts and workers and a minimum value of heterogeneity within cells. In this paper, a solution methodology based on a modified simulated annealing heuristic with a proposed neighbourhood search procedure is proposed. The methodology allows building multiple configurations by giving to the decision-maker the ability to control some parameters. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm gives a promising performance for all problem instances found in the literature.


2022 ◽  
Vol 2160 (1) ◽  
pp. 012073
Author(s):  
Pingwei Chen ◽  
Tong Wang ◽  
Wensheng Ma ◽  
Fangzhong Li ◽  
Tianzhou Wang ◽  
...  

Abstract Transient load has a huge impact on the life and stability of water-lubricated bearings. In this paper work, CFD software is used to analyse the dynamic characteristic of water lubricated bearings under different transient loads of 500N, 1000N, 2000N and 3000N. The water film pressure contour distribution at different transient time was given. The time-varying relationships between the different transient loads with bearing forces, the journal displacement, the maximum value of water film pressure as well as the minimum value of water film thickness are obtained. The results show that with the increase of transient load, the effective bearing area of dynamic water pressure film decreases, and the maximum pressure increases. The bearing forces, the journal displacement, the maximum value of water film pressure as well as the minimum value of water film thickness will increase fast.


2022 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
T.P. Skobelskaya ◽  
V.V. Lemeshchenko ◽  
N.V. Saenko ◽  
V.G. Sokolov ◽  
E.V. Nekhaichuk

Investigated the histological features of the structure of hepar of one-day-old lambs (ODL) using a complex of morphological techniques. It was found that hepar in ODL is formed by stroma and parenchyma. The stromal elements of the organ are formed by loose lugs of hematopoietic connective tissue, which in turn forms a capsule (2.80-7.23 microns thick), as well as the septa of the lobules, which include the hepar triads and paravasal tissue of efferent blood vessels. As a result of the studies, the prevalence of the stroma in the hematopoietic foci around large afferent blood vessels, especially in the hepar hilus, was revealed. The hepar parenchyma in ODL has structural incompleteness. It is formed by hepar cells and numerous resinusoidal cells located in the subcapsular, peripheral, central zones in the lobus hepatis. Hepar cells located in the subcapsular zone (SZ) have a more optically cleared (OC) cytoplasm, and the practically cleared cytoplasm of the hepatocyte diameter (HD) decreases towards the central zone (CZ). In the hepar parenchyma of the ODL, hematopoiesis foci (HF) are established in each of the lobes, which tend to decrease from the periphery to the center of the lobes. Hemopoetic cells (HC) are located between hepatocytes, densely layering on top of each other, and there are also cells located sparsely between the liver cells (LC). The number of hepatocytes per 1 mm2 of the area of the histological specimen in the left lobe (LL) of the ODL reaches the highest value 5983.79 ± 90.40, in the right lobe (RL) of the liver it is 5358.80 ± 646.60, while in the middle it has a minimum value and reaches 5133.10 ± 205.75.


Author(s):  
Mahmoud Showky Mohammed Ahmed, Rasha Nabil Sami, Noha Adel E Mahmoud Showky Mohammed Ahmed, Rasha Nabil Sami, Noha Adel E

The aim of the study was to assess fracture resistance under cyclic loading of Rosetta®SM CAD vs. IPS e.max CAD (control) vonlays restoring maxillary premolars. According to the sample size calculation, a total of 20 samples will be selected and then divided into two equal groups; 10 sample each based on the material type: Group (A): Ten vonlays (n=10) manufactured from IPS e. max CAD blocks (control). Group ( B): Ten vonlays (n=10) manufactured from Rosetta®SM CAD blocks (intervention). A natural tooth presenting an upper first premolar was prepared in accordance with the ceramic onlay restorations preparation guidelines with an occlusal box with half of the bucco-lingual distance and a 2 mm depth from the cusp tip to pulpal floor, gingival seat with 1 mm depth from pulpal floor, occlusal reduction of 2 mm of the functional cusp with extending the preparation at the palatal surface by 2 mm in the cervical direction, occlusal reduction of 1.5 mm of non-functional cusp and 12º divergence angle. The preparation was then extended to the labial surface, with a 0.5 mm chamfer finish line. All line angles were finally rounded, and all margins were finished. For duplication of the natural tooth; the epoxy dies were constructed. Base and catalyst of the epoxy resin material were mixed as instructed by the manufacturer at a rate of 200r/min and then was poured into the silicon mould under vibration to eliminate any air voids, then was allowed to set completely following the manufacturer instructions for 24 hours, this procedure was repeated 20 times for creating 20 epoxy resin dies which replicating the prepared natural tooth. The die was then scanned by optical scanning using Medit i500 oral scanner. Milling of Vonlays was achieved using Sirona MCX5 milling machine using IPS e. max CAD blocks and Rosetta SM CAD blocks: 10 IPS e.max CAD blocks with block size C14 and 10 Rosetta®SM CAD blocks with block size C14 were used. Vonlays were then seated on their corresponding dies and cemented with dual cured self-adhesive resin cement (Variolink, Ivoclar Vivadent). Cementation procedures were performed by keeping each sample under a constant pressure of 5Kg using a custom designed cementation device for standardization the applied load during cementation process. All samples were mechanically aged (cyclic loading) to simulate 6 months of clinical use. Following that, all samples were subjected to fracture resistance testing under a compressive load to the center of their long axis using computer controlled universal testing machine with a load cell of 5 Kilo newton (K N) with a computer software used for data recording (Instron® Bluehill Lite Software). The mean values ± SDs values for e.max group were (502.39 ±102.89 N) with minimum value (338.16 N) and maximum value (721.29 N). The mean values ± SDs values. Rosetta group were (468.76 ± 67.54 N) with minimum value (367.11 N) and maximum value (648.48 N). Failure modes were determined under stereomicroscope and classified into repairable and catastrophic in both groups and showed that 60% of e.max group exhibited repairable failure while 40% of specimens showed catastrophic failure while in Rosetta group, 90% of the specimens exhibited repairable failure. Only 10% displayed catastrophic failure. Then a fractured part within each group was examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM) to reveal and compare their microstructure.


Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2059
Author(s):  
Xiaopeng Peng ◽  
Lijie Guo ◽  
Guangsheng Liu ◽  
Xiaocong Yang ◽  
Xinzheng Chen

Previous studies have found that the strength of in situ cemented tailings backfill usually presents an S-shaped distribution, which decreases first, then increases, and decreases thereafter along the direction of slurry flow. In this study, to explore the factors determining the distribution, a similar model test of cemented tailings backfill was carried out. The distribution law of grain size composition and the cement content of backfill materials along the flow direction were experimentally studied, and the comprehensive factor influencing the strength distribution was analyzed. The results show that, firstly, near the feeding point, there are more coarse particles, whereas the content of fine particles is higher farther away. The measured maximum median particle size can be more than three times the minimum value. Secondly, the cement content increases gradually along the flow direction and reaches the peak at the end of the model, which can be more than twice the minimum value, indicating that the degree of segregation is significant. Thirdly, the strength distribution of cemented backfills is comprehensively determined by both the particle size distribution (PSD) and the cement content. The maximum value appears neither at the point with peak median particle size, nor at the point with the highest cement content. Lastly, there is a strong linear correlation between the strength of cemented backfills and the strength factor (SF), which is defined as the product of the uniformity coefficient and cement content of filling materials, indicating that the SF can be used to quantitatively reflect the comprehensive effects of PSD and cement content on the strength. As SF is a comprehensive quantitative index reflecting the distribution of strength, it will be further studied in later research to acquire more experimental results of the relationship between sample strength and SF, which will be meaningful for the quality evaluation of in situ cemented backfills, and the optimization of backfill system.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-345
Author(s):  
Aparajita Gupta ◽  
Mandeep Kaur

In the present study antibacterial efficacy of  aqueous and methanol extract obtained from leaves and stem of Ocimum sanctum L. was evaluated against certain test bacterial species viz. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus. It is a traditional medicinal herb, commonly used for the treatment of various human health disorders.  The antibacterial activity was determined by using agar well diffusion method. Among the solvent extracts tested, aqueous extract of leaves exhibited higher antibacterial activity as compared to methanolic extract of leaves. Maximum antibacterial activity was recorded 17.6 mm against Bacillus cereus and minimum value was recorded 14 mm against S. aureus. Maximum antibacterial efficacy of O. sanctum leaves was found 7.3mm against P. aeruginosa and minimum value was 5mm against B. cereus in methanolic extract. Similar trend has been observed in extract of stem of O. sanctum in aqueous and methanolic solvent. The antibacterial efficacy has been found nil in methanolic extract. However in aqueous extract moderate activity has been recorded i.e. 9.3 mm against E.coli and minimum 7.3 mm against K. pneumoniae. The trend of phytochemicals revealed non significant variation. Phytochemical analysis of leaves and stem extracts of O. sanctum revealed the presence of various phytoconstituents i.e. alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tanins, glycosides.


Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7807
Author(s):  
Lukasz Hawelek ◽  
Tymon Warski ◽  
Adrian Radon ◽  
Adam Pilsniak ◽  
Wojciech Maziarz ◽  
...  

In this work, based on the thermodynamic prediction, the comprehensive studies of the influence of Cu for Fe substitution on the crystal structure and magnetic properties of the rapidly quenched Fe85B15 alloy in the ribbon form are performed. Using thermodynamic calculations, the parabolic shape dependence of the ΔGamoprh with a minimum value at 0.6% of Cu was predicted. The ΔGamoprh from the Cu content dependence shape is also asymmetric, and, for Cu = 0% and Cu = 1.5%, the same ΔGamoprh value is observed. The heat treatment optimization process of all alloys showed that the least lossy (with a minimum value of core power losses) is the nanocomposite state of nanocrystals immersed in an amorphous matrix obtained by annealing in the temperature range of 300–330 °C for 20 min. The minimum value of core power losses P10/50 (core power losses at 1T@50Hz) of optimally annealed Fe85-xCuxB15 x = 0,0.6,1.2% alloys come from completely different crystallization states of nanocomposite materials, but it strongly correlates with Cu content and, thus, a number of nucleation sites. The TEM observations showed that, for the Cu-free alloy, the least lossy crystal structure is related to 2–3 nm short-ordered clusters; for the Cu = 0.6% alloy, only the limited value of several α-Fe nanograins are found, while for the Cu-rich alloy with Cu = 1.2%, the average diameter of nanograins is about 26 nm, and they are randomly distributed in the amorphous matrix. The only high number of nucleation sites in the Cu = 1.2% alloy allows for a sufficient level of grains’ coarsening of the α-Fe phase that strongly enhances the ferromagnetic exchange between the α-Fe nanocrystals, which is clearly seen with the increasing value of saturation induction up to 1.7T. The air-annealing process tested on studied alloys for optimal annealing conditions proves the possibility of its use for this type of material.


Holzforschung ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Yoshihara ◽  
Makoto Maruta

Abstract Buckling tests were conducted using slender specimens of western hemlock. In the tests, the slenderness ratio was varied from 132 to 418 in which elastic buckling was induced, and the values of the critical load for buckling were obtained. When the deflection of the specimen was calculated from the loading-line displacement based on elastica theory, the value of deflection/load initially decreased because the compressive deformation was more dominant than the bending deformation. In contrast, when the load increased, the bending deformation became dominant, and the deflection/load-deflection relation exhibited linearity. These tendencies indicated that the transition from compression to bending was induced around the minimum value of the deflection/load. Therefore, it was recommended to determine the critical load for buckling using the load at the minimum value of the deflection/load where the deflection was calculated from the loading-line displacement.


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