scholarly journals Public Health Implications of Smokeless Tobacco Use as a Harm Reduction Strategy

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934-1939 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Savitz ◽  
Roger E. Meyer ◽  
Jason M. Tanzer ◽  
Sidney S. Mirvish ◽  
Freddi Lewin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Reduction Strategy ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
Harm Reduction Strategy ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Use

scholarly journals The Ethics of Tobacco Harm Reduction: An Analysis of E-Cigarette Availability From the Perspectives of Utilitarianism, Bioethics, and Public Health Ethics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Thomas ◽  
Lisa S Parker ◽  
Saul Shiffman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Biomedical Ethics ◽  
Public Health Ethics ◽  
Individual Autonomy ◽  
Tobacco Harm Reduction ◽  
Reduction Strategy ◽  
Ethics Framework ◽  
Health Ethics ◽  
Harm Reduction Strategy

Abstract Much evidence suggests e-cigarettes are substantially less harmful than combustible cigarettes. Assuming this is true, we analyze the ethical case for a policy of e-cigarette availability (ECA) as a tobacco harm reduction strategy. ECA involves making e-cigarettes available to allow smokers to switch to them, and informing smokers of the lower risks of e-cigarettes vis-à-vis smoking. After suggesting that utilitarian/consequentialist considerations do not provide an adequate ethical analysis, we analyze ECA using two other ethical frameworks. First, ECA is supported by a public health ethics framework. ECA is a population-level intervention consistent with respecting individual autonomy by using the least restrictive means to accomplish public health goals, and it supports equity and justice. Second, ECA is supported by four principles that form a biomedical ethics framework. By reducing smokers’ health risks and not harming them, ECA fulfills principles of beneficence and non-maleficence. Because ECA allows smokers to make informed health decisions for themselves, it fulfills the principle requiring respect for persons and their autonomy. Here, we consider whether nicotine addiction and thus ECA undermine autonomy, and also discuss the ethical warrant for special protections for youth. Finally, ECA can also advance justice by providing a harm reduction alternative for disadvantaged groups that disproportionately bear the devastating consequences of smoking. Policies of differential taxation of cigarettes and e-cigarettes can facilitate adoption of less harmful alternatives by those economically disadvantaged. We conclude that public health and biomedical ethics frameworks are mutually reinforcing and supportive of ECA as a tobacco harm reduction strategy. Implications Making e-cigarettes and information about them available is supported as ethical from multiple ethical perspectives.

scholarly journals Quantifying the effects of promoting smokeless tobacco as a harm reduction strategy in the USA

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Mejia ◽  
P. M. Ling ◽  
S. A. Glantz
Keyword(s):  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Reduction Strategy ◽  
Harm Reduction Strategy ◽  
The Usa

Smokeless Tobacco Use in the United States: Health Implications and Policy Options

1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy L. Backinger ◽  
Stephen B. Corbin ◽  
Lawrence J. Furman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Use

Disparities between Public Health Educational Materials and the Scientific Evidence that Smokeless Tobacco Use Causes Cancer

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN W. WATERBOR ◽  
REX M. ADAMS ◽  
JOSHUA M. ROBINSON ◽  
FORREST G. CRABTREE ◽  
NEIL A. ACCORTT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Use

scholarly journals Central Australian Aboriginal women’s pregnancy, labour and birth outcomes following maternal smokeless tobacco (pituri) use, cigarette use or no-tobacco use: a prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Ratsch ◽  
Fiona Bogossian ◽  
Kathryn Steadman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Tobacco Plant ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Maternal Outcomes ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Australian Aboriginal ◽  
Aboriginal Women ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Use

Abstract Background Outcomes related to maternal smoked tobacco (cigarette) use have been substantially examined over the past 50 years with resultant public health education targeted towards the reduction of use during pregnancy. However, worldwide the effects of maternal smokeless tobacco use have been less well explored and in Australia, there has been no examination of maternal outcomes in relation to the use of Australian Nicotiana spp. (tobacco plant) as a smokeless tobacco, colloquially known as pituri. The aim of this study is to describe the maternal outcomes of a group of central Australian Aboriginal women in relation to their self-reported tobacco use. Methods Eligible participants were > 18 years of age, with a singleton pregnancy, > 28 weeks gestation, and who planned to birth at the Alice Springs Hospital (the major regional hospital for central Australia, in the Northern Territory, Australia). The sample consisted of 73 conveniently recruited women categorized by tobacco-use status as no-tobacco users (n = 31), pituri chewers (n = 19), and smokers (n = 23). Results There were differences in the groups in relation to teenage pregnancies; 35% of no-tobacco users, compared with 5% of pituri users, and 13% of smokers were <  20 years of age. The chewers had a higher rate (48%) of combined pre-existing and pregnancy-related elevated glucose concentrations compared with smokers (22%) and no-tobacco users (16%).The pituri chewers had the lowest rate (14%) of clinically significant post-partum hemorrhage (> 1000 ml) compared with 22% of smokers and 36% of the no-tobacco users. Conclusions This is the first research to examine pituri use in pregnancy and the findings indicate possible associations with a range of adverse maternal outcomes. The use of smokeless tobacco needs to be considered in maternal healthcare assessment to inform antenatal, intrapartum and postpartum care planning. Implications for public health Female smokeless tobacco use is a global phenomenon and is particularly prevalent in low and middle income countries and in Indigenous populations. The findings contribute to the developing knowledge around maternal smokeless tobacco use and maternal outcomes. Maternal screening for a broader range of tobacco and nicotine products is required. Note to readers In this research, the central Australian Aboriginal women chose the term ‘Aboriginal’ to refer to themselves, and ‘Indigenous’ to refer to the broader First Peoples. That choice has been maintained in the reporting of the research findings.

scholarly journals Cigarette Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco Use among Male South Asian Migrants in the United Arab Emirates: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghib Ali ◽  
Tom Loney ◽  
Mohammed Al-Houqani ◽  
Iain Blair ◽  
Faisal Aziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Current Cigarette ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Use

Abstract Background The prevalence of tobacco use among South Asian migrants in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has not been evaluated. We examined the prevalence of cigarette smoking and smokeless tobacco use along with their associated factors among male South Asian migrants in the UAE.Methods A representative sample of South Asian adult migrant males was recruited in Al Ain, UAE in 2012. The sample included Indian (n=433), Pakistani (n=383) and Bangladeshi (n=559) nationalities. Prevalence and measures of association using bi-variable and multi-variable logistic regression models were used to identify correlates of tobacco use.ResultsA total of 1.375 South Asian migrant males participated in the study (response rate 76%) with a mean age of 34 years (SD ± 10). The prevalence of current cigarette smoking was 21%, 23% and 37% among participants from India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, respectively. The prevalence of current smokeless tobacco use was 6%, 12%, and 16% for Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi participants, respectively. Bangladeshi nationality, hypertension, and alcohol use were significant correlates of current cigarette smoking. Increase in age, less than college level education, alcohol use and Pakistani or Bangladeshi nationality were significant correlates of exposure to smokeless tobacco.Conclusions The high prevalence of cigarette smoking and smokeless tobacco use in South Asian migrants, highlights the public health burden of tobacco use in migrant populations in the UAE. Public health measures are needed to address tobacco use in migrant population.

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