scholarly journals The Role of Socioeconomic Factors in Black–White Disparities in Preterm Birth

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 694-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula A. Braveman ◽  
Katherine Heck ◽  
Susan Egerter ◽  
Kristen S. Marchi ◽  
Tyan Parker Dominguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors

scholarly journals Oral melatonin as a new tool for neuroprotection in preterm newborns: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Trials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Garofoli ◽  
Stefania Longo ◽  
Camilla Pisoni ◽  
Patrizia Accorsi ◽  
Micol Angelini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcome ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Product ◽  
Cerebral Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Impairment ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Preterm Newborns

Abstract Background Prevention of neurodevelopmental impairment due to preterm birth is a major health challenge. Despite advanced obstetric and neonatal care, to date there are few neuroprotective molecules available. Melatonin has been shown to have anti-oxidant/anti-inflammatory effects and to reduce brain damage, mainly after hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. The planned study will be the first aiming to evaluate the capacity of melatonin to mitigate brain impairment due to premature birth. Method In our planned prospective, multicenter, double-blind, randomized vs placebo study, we will recruit, within 96 h of birth, 60 preterm newborns with a gestational age ≤ 29 weeks + 6 days; these infants will be randomly allocated to oral melatonin, 3 mg/kg/day, or placebo for 15 days. After the administration period, we will measure plasma levels of malondialdehyde, a lipid peroxidation product considered an early biological marker of melatonin treatment efficacy (primary outcome). At term-equivalent age, we will evaluate neurological status (through cerebral ultrasound, cerebral magnetic resonance imaging, vision and hearing evaluations, clinical neurological assessment, and screening for retinopathy of prematurity) as well as the incidence of bronchodysplasia and sepsis. We will also monitor neurodevelopmental outcome during the first 24 months of corrected age (using the modified Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence at 4–6 months and standardized neurological and developmental assessments at 24 months). Discussion Preterm birth survivors often present long-term neurodevelopmental sequelae, such as motor, learning, social-behavioral, and communication problems. We aim to assess the role of melatonin as a neuroprotectant during the first weeks of extrauterine life, when preterm infants are unable to produce it spontaneously. This approach is based on the supposition that its anti-oxidant mechanism could be useful in preventing neurodevelopmental impairment. Considering the short- and long-term morbidities related to preterm birth, and the financial and social costs of the care of preterm infants, both at birth and over time, we suggest that melatonin administration could lead to considerable saving of resources. This would be the first study addressing the role of melatonin in very low birth weight preterm newborns, and it could provide a basis for further studies on melatonin as a neuroprotection strategy in this vulnerable population. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04235673. Prospectively registered on 22 January 2020.

scholarly journals The distribution of wealth in Spain and the USA: the role of socioeconomic factors

SERIEs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Salas-Rojo ◽  
Juan Gabriel Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
Latent Factors ◽  
Distribution Of Wealth ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Value Decomposition ◽  
Counterfactual Decomposition ◽  
Distribution Of Income

AbstractThe literature has typically found that the distribution of socioeconomic factors like education, labor status and income does not account for the remarkable wealth inequality disparities between countries. As a result, their different institutions and other latent factors receive all the credit. Here, we propose to focus on one type of wealth inequality, the inequality of opportunities (IOp) in wealth: the share of overall wealth inequality explained by circumstances like inheritances and parental education. By means of a counterfactual decomposition method, we find that imposing the distribution of socioeconomic factors of the USA into Spain has little effect on total, financial and real estate wealth inequality. On the contrary, these factors play an important role when wealth IOp is considered. A Shapley value decomposition shows that the distribution of education and labor status in the USA consistently increase wealth IOp when imposed into Spain, whereas the opposite effect is found for the distribution of income.

Role of progesterone, cerclage and pessary in preventing preterm birth in twin pregnancies: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 166-177
Author(s):  
Francesco D’Antonio ◽  
Vincenzo Berghella ◽  
Daniele Di Mascio ◽  
Gabriele Saccone ◽  
Filomena Sileo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

scholarly journals The Role of Preterm Birth in the Association Between Opioid Maintenance Therapy and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara S. Lemon ◽  
Ashley Naimi ◽  
Steve N. Caritis ◽  
Robert W. Platt ◽  
Raman Venkataramanan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Maintenance Therapy ◽  
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome ◽  
Abstinence Syndrome ◽  
Opioid Maintenance Therapy

scholarly journals The correlation between socioeconomic factors and COVID-19 among immigrants in Norway: a register-based study

2021 ◽  
pp. 140349482110158
Author(s):  
Marte Kjøllesdal ◽  
Katrine Skyrud ◽  
Abdi Gele ◽  
Trude Arnesen ◽  
Hilde Kløvstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Crowded Housing

Aim: Immigrants in Norway have higher COVID-19 notification and hospitalisation rates than Norwegian-born individuals. The knowledge about the role of socioeconomic factors to explain these differences is limited. We investigate the relationship between socioeconomic indicators at group level and epidemiological data for all notified cases of COVID-19 and related hospitalisations among the 23 largest immigrant groups in Norway. Methods: We used data on all notified COVID-19 cases in Norway up to 15 November 2020, and associated hospitalisations, from the Norwegian Surveillance System for Communicable Diseases and the emergency preparedness register at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. We report notified COVID-19 cases and associated hospitalisation rates per 100,000 and their correlation to income, education, unemployment, crowded housing and years of residency at the group level. Results: Crowded housing and low income at a group level were correlated with rates of both notified cases of COVID-19 (Pearson`s correlation coefficient 0.77 and 0.52) and related hospitalisations (0.72, 0.50). In addition, low educational level and unemployment were correlated with a high number of notified cases. Conclusions: Immigrant groups living in disadvantaged socioeconomic positions are important to target with preventive measures for COVID-19. This must include targeted interventions for low-income families living in overcrowded households.

scholarly journals Role of Cervical Cerclage and Vaginal Progesterone in the Treatment of Cervical Incompetence with/without Preterm Birth History

2016 ◽  
Vol 129 (22) ◽  
pp. 2670-2675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao-Wei Wang ◽  
Lin-Lin Ma ◽  
Shuai Huang ◽  
Lin Liang ◽  
Jun-Rong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Cervical Cerclage ◽  
Birth History ◽  
Cervical Incompetence ◽  
Vaginal Progesterone

scholarly journals Oil palm boom and land-use dynamics in Indonesia: The role of policies and socioeconomic factors

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 292-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Gatto ◽  
Meike Wollni ◽  
Matin Qaim
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Land Use Dynamics

The Role of Social Support in the Prevention of Preterm Birth

Birth ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Bryce ◽  
Fiona J. Stanley ◽  
Murray W. Enkin
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Preterm Birth

The Influence of Pre-natal Supplement Initiation on Preterm Birth Among Majority Hispanic Women in Los Angeles County: The Role of Nativity

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1861-1868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian H. Alfonso ◽  
Ondine von Ehrenstein ◽  
Gretchen Bandoli ◽  
Beate Ritz
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Hispanic Women
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