Factors Affecting Income Distribution in Sulawesi

This study aims to determine the factors that influence the distribution of income in Sulawesi. The data used is data sourced from the Central Statistics Agency, for the period 2011-2020 in 6 Sulawesi Island Provinces. The method used is multiple regression analysis with the help of the eviews 9 application. The results show that per capita expenditure has a positive and significant effect on income distribution, average years of schooling has a negative and significant effect on income distribution, life expectancy has a negative but not significant effect on income distribution.

The Capitalist Spirit and Endogenous Growth

The aim of the study is to investigate the influence of the capitalist spirit in conjunction with the distribution of income on economic growth. The capitalist spirit is represented by the fact that savings rates increase with increasing relative income. We extend an endogenous AK growth model in an overlapping generational framework by implementing imperfect competition and Cournot competition. Using this model, we investigate the influence of profits on the intra- and inter-generational distributions of income and economic growth. While increasing incomes lead to a more unequal intra-generational distribution and to a redistribution of income from the old to the young generation, the impact on economic growth is in general ambiguous, although under specific assumptions it becomes positive. Furthermore, the model shows that increasing market power of firms is associated with declining labor and capital shares, declining interest rates, and an increased wealth-to-income ratio.

How Effective Is Fiscal Decentralization for Inequality Reduction in Developing Countries?

The relationship between fiscal decentralization and vertical inequality has long received attention by fiscal federalism theorists. However, horizontal inequality has been largely overlooked. This study will present a novel empirical examination of the relationship between fiscal decentralization, vertical inequality, and horizontal inequality. Specifically, it will focus on how institutional quality and military expenditure affect the fiscal decentralization–inequality nexus across 33 developing countries in the period 1990–2014. Findings indicate that varieties of fiscal authority have a significant effect on distribution of income and ethnic inequality. This depends on the level of institutions and defense spending achieved by these developing countries.

Brasil: Um País Desigual / Brazil: An Unequal Country

Segundo o Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA) e Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílio (PNAD), a desigualdade no Brasil está intimamente relacionada com a pobreza, mormente em razão da considerável diferença na distribuição de renda no país. Nesse sentido, mesmo que o Brasil detenha grande crescimento econômico, isso não irá melhorar a condição social do país, sem um enfrentamento mais efetivo que leve em conta uma distribuição mais justa de renda. Esta realidade, que foi, histórica e culturalmente constituída, precisa com urgência elaborar políticas públicas estruturantes, capazes de atuar de forma articulada, ampliando o acesso dos cidadãos aos direitos legalmente postos, que possam proporcionar uma mais adequada qualidade de vida.---According to the Institute for Applied Economic Research (IPEA) and the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD), inequality in Brazil is closely related to poverty, mainly because of the importance of the difference in income distribution in the country. In this sense, even if Brazil has great economic growth, this will not improve the social condition of the country, without a more effective confrontation that takes into account a fairer distribution of income. This reality, which has been historically and culturally fulfilled, urgently needs to develop structuring public policies, capable of acting in an articulated manner, expanding citizens' access to legally established rights, which can provide a more adequate quality of life.

Syrian Refugees in Brazil: Protection of Human Rights and their Developments

This study will present the issue of Syrian refugees in Brazil, whose immigration event occurs because of the terrible conditions offered in their native country, which makes these individuals seek refuge in other countries, seeking, in addition to a better condition, a life that is worthy. It is understood that the concept of dignified life goes against what is advocated by the Brazilian Federal Constitution, as well as fundamental rights, and even more related to the dignity of the human person. Thus, this article will bring an analysis of the context of this event, which has been happening quite frequently, making Brazil one of the countries that most welcome immigrants in the world. However, one factor draws attention in the middle of this process, as the Covid-19 pandemic has been following the population for more than a year, which makes border controls more rigid. In addition, Brazil, with its native population, is already experiencing various social problems, such as hunger, unemployment, poor distribution of income and gold, which makes us rethink whether the rights and dealings with these refugees are truly effective, in order to welcome and help in the development of a dignified life. The research will have its principle bibliographic reviews, in books, journals and articles referring to the area, in order to bring different standards that can be worked in society and contribute to the scientific community. It is evident that a dignified life is only possible if the guarantees, freedom, equity, and other principles, such as the dignity of the human person, provided by the Federal Constitution are observed. with its native population, is already experiencing various social problems, such as hunger, unemployment, poor distribution of income and gold, which makes us rethink whether the rights and dealings with these refugees are being truly effective, in order to welcome and help in the development of a dignified life. The research will have its principle bibliographic reviews, in books, journals and articles referring to the area, in order to bring different standards that can be worked in society and contribute to the scientific community. It is evident that a dignified life is only possible if the guarantees, freedom, equity, and other principles, such as the dignity of the human person, provided by the Federal Constitution are observed. with its native population, is already experiencing various social problems, such as hunger, unemployment, poor distribution of income and gold, which makes us rethink whether the rights and dealings with these refugees are being truly effective, in order to welcome and help in the development of a dignified life. The research will have its principle bibliographic reviews, in books, journals and articles referring to the area, in order to bring different standards that can be worked in society and contribute to the scientific community. It is evident that a dignified life is only possible if the guarantees, freedom, equity, and other principles, such as the dignity of the human person, provided by the Federal Constitution are observed. Poor distribution of income and gold, which makes us rethink whether the rights and dealings with these refugees are being truly effective, in order to welcome and help in the development of a dignified life. The research will have its principle bibliographic reviews, in books, journals and articles referring to the area, in order to bring different standards that can be worked in society and contribute to the scientific community. It is evident that a dignified life is only possible if the guarantees, freedom, equity, and other principles, such as the dignity of the human person, provided by the Federal Constitution are observed. poor distribution of income and gold, which makes us rethink whether the rights and dealings with these refugees are being truly effective, in order to welcome and help in the development of a dignified life. The research will have its principle bibliographic reviews, in books, journals and articles referring to the area, in order to bring different standards that can be worked in society and contribute to the scientific community. It is evident that a dignified life is only possible if the guarantees, freedom, equity, and other principles, such as the dignity of the human person, provided by the Federal Constitution are observed. The research will have its principle bibliographic reviews, in books, journals and articles referring to the area, in order to bring different standards that can be worked in society and contribute to the scientific community. It is evident that a dignified life is only possible if the guarantees, freedom, equity, and other principles, such as the dignity of the human person, provided by the Federal Constitution are observed. The research will have its principle bibliographic reviews, in books, journals and articles referring to the area, in order to bring different standards that can be worked in society and contribute to the scientific community. It is evident that a dignified life is only possible if the guarantees, freedom, equity, and other principles, such as the dignity of the human person, provided by the Federal Constitution are observed. Keywords: Refugees; Syria; Human rights; Dignity of human person; Warranties.

ПРИЧИНЫ ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИЯ ТЕНЕВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ

Данная работа посвящена исследованию такой проблемы, как теневой сектор экономики, развитие теневой экономики, а также ее влияние на протекание основных экономических процессов: формирование и распределение дохода, торговлю, инвестирование и экономический роста в целом. This work is devoted to the study of such problems as the shadow sector of the economy, the development of the shadow economy, as well as its impact on the course of the main economic processes: the formation and distribution of income, trade, investment and economic growth in general.

The effect of social expenditures on human development in the European Union

Researchers and practitioners alike have long debated the role of high GDP growth strategies and social expenditures (SE) in ensuring a better distribution of income and reduction of poverty. This study is aimed at investigating the effectiveness of social expenditures by offering the use of a robust methodology. Our sample consists of 27 EU countries (further divided into pre- and post-2000 members) between 2005 and 2017. We used panel data to determine whether social expenditures have a positive effect on the World Bank generated Human Development Index (HDI).

An assessment of the debates over income distribution and growth in the Neo-Kaleckian literature

ABSTRACT Kaleckian literature is considered an important theme in the post-Keynesian school of economic thought. In the aftermath of the financial crisis, the endeavors of forming a new consensus regarding essential economic issues, in particular achieving economic growth became a need. Thus, the Kaleckian models returned to be in the spot since these models tackle the impact of changes in the distribution of income and address the question whether a redistribution of income away from wages and towards profits is capable of boosting growth. In this sense, this paper return to Kaleckian insights and offers a theoretical discussion of the distributional effects on aggregate demand and economic growth. Moreover, through the lens of neo-Kaleckian tradition, the evolution of the debate on wage-led and profit-led regimes in recent decades can be traced.