Hennepin County Adult Detention Center’s Response to a 2019 Hepatitis A Outbreak in Minnesota

2021 ◽  
pp. e1-e3
Author(s):  
Lucas Zellmer ◽  
Laura Peters ◽  
Rachel Sandler Silva
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
County Jail ◽  
Detention Center ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Hennepin County ◽  
Community Outbreaks

Hennepin County Adult Detention Center (Jail) is Minnesota’s largest jail. In August 2019, the Minnesota Department of Health declared a statewide hepatitis A outbreak. Within three days, Hennepin County Jail Health Services made significant changes to vaccination protocols that increased vaccination rates from 0.6% to 7.1% among detainees, who have a greater risk of contracting hepatitis A. We highlight the opportunity for jails to develop sustainable public health interventions in the setting of community outbreaks. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print March 18, 2021: e1–e3. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306159 )

scholarly journals Hepatitis A among refugees, asylum seekers and migrants living in hosting facilities, Greece, April to December 2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kassiani Mellou ◽  
Anthi Chrisostomou ◽  
Theologia Sideroglou ◽  
Theano Georgakopoulou ◽  
Maria Kyritsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Hygiene Measures

An increased number of hepatitis A cases among refugees, asylum seekers and migrants residing in hosting facilities in Greece were recorded between April and December 2016. In total, 177 laboratory-confirmed symptomatic cases were reported; of these, 149 (84%) occurred in hosting camps mostly among Syrian children under 15 years. All cases reported symptom onset after their entry into the country. Public health interventions focused on hygiene measures and vaccination.

scholarly journals Is there the potential for an epidemic of variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease via blood transfusion in the UK?

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (15) ◽  
pp. 675-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Clarke ◽  
Robert G Will ◽  
Azra C Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Unknown Parameters ◽  
Infected Blood ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Jakob Disease ◽  
Modelling Assumptions ◽  
The Uk

The discovery of three individuals suspected to have contracted variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD) through blood transfusions has heightened concerns that a secondary epidemic via human-to-human transmission could occur in the UK. The Department of Health responded immediately to this threat by banning those who had received blood transfusions since 1980 from donating blood. In this paper, we conduct a sensitivity analysis to explore the potential size of a blood-borne vCJD epidemic and investigate the effectiveness of public health interventions. A mathematical model was developed together with an expression for the basic reproduction number ( R 0 ). The sensitivity of model predictions to unknown parameters determining the transmission of vCJD via infected blood was assessed under pessimistic modelling assumptions. We found that the size of the epidemic (up until 2080) was bounded above by 900 cases, with self-sustaining epidemics ( R 0 >1) also possible; but the scenarios under which such epidemics could arise were found to be biologically implausible. Under optimistic assumptions, public health interventions reduced the upper bound to 250 and further still when only biologically plausible scenarios were considered. Our results support the belief that scenarios leading to large or self-sustaining epidemics are possible but unlikely, and that public health interventions were effective.

scholarly journals Impact of Public Health Interventions on Drinking Water–Associated Outbreaks of Hepatitis A — United States, 1971–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (35) ◽  
pp. 766-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine E. Barrett ◽  
Bryn J. Pape ◽  
Katharine M. Benedict ◽  
Monique A. Foster ◽  
Virginia A. Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Public Health Interventions

scholarly journals “It’s Just a Band-Aid on Something No One Really Wants to See or Acknowledge”: A Photovoice Study with Transitional Aged Youth Experiencing Homelessness to Examine the Roots of San Diego’s 2016–2018 Hepatitis A Outbreak

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (13) ◽  
pp. 4721
Author(s):  
Jennifer K. Felner ◽  
Talia Kieu ◽  
Andrew Stieber ◽  
Hunter Call ◽  
Daniel Kirkland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
San Diego ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Community Based Participatory Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Transitional Aged Youth

San Diego, California is consistently ranked among regions with the highest rates of homelessness in the United States. From 2016 to 2018, San Diego experienced an unprecedented outbreak of hepatitis A virus (HAV), largely attributed in media and public health discourse to the region’s growing population of people experiencing homelessness. Little attention, however, was devoted to examining the experiences and needs of this population, particularly transitional aged youth (TAY, aged 18–24) experiencing homelessness who may have been uniquely affected by the outbreak. This community-based participatory research study leveraged diverse qualitative methods, principally photovoice, to explore how the social and built environment shapes health among TAY experiencing homelessness in San Diego, how these environments may have contributed to the HAV outbreak, and TAY’s perceptions of HAV-related public health interventions. Emergent findings include stigmatization of TAY and other people experiencing homelessness, interventions that failed to address root causes of the outbreak, and interactions with housing-related and other social support resources that limit rather than support economic and social mobility. Findings have implications for understanding how media and public discourse, public health interventions, and availability and delivery of resources can contribute to and perpetuate stigma and health inequities faced by TAY experiencing homelessness.

scholarly journals An analysis of COVID-19 clusters in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Sengupta ◽  
Bhaswati Ganguli ◽  
Sugata SenRoy ◽  
Aditya Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Homogeneous Groups

Abstract Background In this study we cluster the districts of India in terms of the spread of COVID-19 and related variables such as population density and the number of specialty hospitals. Simulation using a compartment model is used to provide insight into differences in response to public health interventions. Two case studies of interest from Nizamuddin and Dharavi provide contrasting pictures of the success in curbing spread. Methods A cluster analysis of the worst affected districts in India provides insight about the similarities between them. The effects of public health interventions in flattening the curve in their respective states is studied using the individual contact SEIQHRF model, a stochastic individual compartment model which simulates disease prevalence in the susceptible, infected, recovered and fatal compartments. Results The clustering of hotspot districts provide homogeneous groups that can be discriminated in terms of number of cases and related covariates. The cluster analysis reveal that the distribution of number of COVID-19 hospitals in the districts does not correlate with the distribution of confirmed COVID-19 cases. From the SEIQHRF model for Nizamuddin we observe in the second phase the number of infected individuals had seen a multitudinous increase in the states where Nizamuddin attendees returned, increasing the risk of the disease spread. However, the simulations reveal that implementing administrative interventions, flatten the curve. In Dharavi, through tracing, tracking, testing and treating, massive breakout of COVID-19 was brought under control. Conclusions The cluster analysis performed on the districts reveal homogeneous groups of districts that can be ranked based on the burden placed on the healthcare system in terms of number of confirmed cases, population density and number of hospitals dedicated to COVID-19 treatment. The study rounds up with two important case studies on Nizamuddin basti and Dharavi to illustrate the growth curve of COVID-19 in two very densely populated regions in India. In the case of Nizamuddin, the study showed that there was a manifold increase in the risk of infection. In contrast it is seen that there was a rapid decline in the number of cases in Dharavi within a span of about one month.

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