Comment--A New Angle on Strophomenid Paleoecology: Trace-Fossil Evidence of an Escape Response for the Plectambonitoid Brachiopod Sowerbyella rugosa from a Tempestite in the Upper Ordovician Kope Formation (Edenian) of Northern Kentucky (Dattilo, 2004)

PALAIOS ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 596-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. LEIGHTON
Keyword(s):  
Escape Response ◽  
Trace Fossil ◽  
Upper Ordovician ◽  
Fossil Evidence ◽  
Kope Formation

New cyclocystoid (Phylum Echinodermata) from Anticosti Island, Quebec, and its bearing on cyclocystoid life modes

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 949-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Glass ◽  
William I. Ausich ◽  
Paul Copper
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Trace Fossil ◽  
Suspension Feeding ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Upper Ordovician ◽  
Feeding Mode ◽  
Fossil Evidence ◽  
Anticosti Island ◽  
Bedding Surface

Nicholsodiscus anticostiensisnew genus and species (Mill Bay Member, Vauréal Formation, Rawtheyan, Upper Ordovician) is described from Anticosti Island, Quebec, Canada.Nicholsodiscus anticostiensisn. gen. and sp. is known from two complete specimens preserved in situ with the cupule-bearing side facing toward the bedding surface. Sedimentological, petrographic, and trace fossil evidence suggest that this bedding surface had the consistency of a hardground during the lifetime of the cyclocystoids. This provides the first unequivocal evidence that cyclocystoids lived with their cupule-bearing side (ventral) toward the substratum. A cupules-down orientation results in the ambulacral grooves facing the substratum. Such an orientation excludes suspension-feeding from being a possible feeding mode of the Cyclocystoidea as discussed by Henderson and Shergold (1971).A third Anticosti Island cyclocystoid specimen of unknown affinities is described from the same locality. Furthermore, a re-examination of the holotype of“Cyclocystoides” raymondiFoerste for purposes of comparison withNicholsodiscus anticostiensisn. gen. and sp. provided evidence that it is a member ofZygocycloides, albeit with missing interseptal plates.

FIRST TRACE-FOSSIL EVIDENCE OF BONE-EATING WORMS IN WHALE CARCASSES

Palaios ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. MUNIZ ◽  
J. M. DE GIBERT ◽  
R. ESPERANTE
Keyword(s):  
Trace Fossil ◽  
Fossil Evidence

Changes in colonial development, intraspecific heterochrony, morphological integration, and character heritabilities in two populations of the bryozoan species Batostoma jamesi from the Kope Formation (Upper Ordovician, Cincinnatian)

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph F. Pachut ◽  
Margaret M. Fisherkeller
Keyword(s):  
Colony Growth ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Morphological Integration ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Stabilizing Selection ◽  
Upper Ordovician ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Kope Formation ◽  
High Diversity

Populations of the Upper Ordovician trepostome bryozoan Batostoma jamesi were collected from two different paleoenvironmental settings in the Kope Formation of southeastern Indiana. Within each colony and population, morphologic changes were analyzed during colony growth, or astogeny. Morphological measurements of zooecia, mesozooecia, and acanthostyles display similar patterns of change during colony growth in both populations but magnitudes are generally larger in the high diversity population.Canonical variates analyses provided multivariate confirmation of univariate character differences found within each population. Statistically significant multivariate morphological differences between growth stages persist even if assignments of colonies to populations are ignored. Results suggest different potentials for altering growth trajectories in different environments with early growth stage flexibility in colonies from lower diversity settings and later-stage flexibility in colonies from higher diversity settings.Heterochronic changes occur between species populations. Relative to the high-diversity population, the low-diversity population displays the following: 1) progenesis and hypermorphosis for zooecia, reflecting the ability to exist over a broader range of areal densities and surface areas than in populations from high-diversity associations; 2) postdisplacement and progenesis for mesozooecia, producing mature mesozooecial densities earlier in growth and at smaller sizes while the onset of mesozooecial development is delayed; and 3) acceleration, predisplacement, and progenesis for acanthostyles, resulting in a more rapid rate of development, an earlier onset of style development and more styles, and an earlier time of maturation, respectively.The estimated level of morphological integration is higher in the high diversity population regardless of stage of colony growth. Within populations, integration is stronger during early growth stages in colonies from high diversity settings and during later growth stages in colonies from low diversity settings. Character heritabilities are high in both diversity-level populations, suggesting that these patterns of morphological integration were not the result of non-heritable phenotypic plasticity. Mean heritability is greater in the high diversity population and differs statistically only between the late growth stages of populations. Patterns of morphological integration may result from differing levels of stabilizing selection in different environments. Depending on the timing of selection, these different levels of integration are capable of affecting the outcome of selection on species populations.

Siltstone: a key to cyclicity in mixed siliciclastic–carbonate successions: example from Upper Ordovician Kope Formation (Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky)

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 823-835
Author(s):  
Nathan Marshall ◽  
Carlton E. Brett
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Area ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Upper Ordovician ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Elemental Analyses ◽  
Large Geographic Area ◽  
Carbonate Cyclicity ◽  
Kope Formation ◽  
Fossiliferous Limestone

The Upper Ordovician (mid-Katian) Kope Formation provides an example of how a detailed study of fine-grained siliciclastic sediment can provide sedimentological insights. The Kope Formation is an exemplar of mixed siliciclastic–carbonate cyclicity; however, most of the sedimentological research to date has focused on the fossiliferous limestone beds. Conversely, this paper provides a detailed investigation of siltstone within 42 metre-scale cycles from 26 locations spanning a large geographic area. The objective of the study is twofold: (i) to confirm the mineralogical nature of silt-sized sediment. Currently, silt-sized sediment is irregularly defined as being either carbonate or siliciclastic rich. This paper uses X-ray diffraction, thin-section, and elemental analyses to determine the mineralogy of the silt; (ii) to determine the stratigraphic distribution of siltstone beds. If a distinctive and reoccurring distribution of siltstone can be found, then it can provide additional information about environmental energy changes that led to cyclic fossiliferous limestone formation. This study finds that silt within the Kope Formation is siliciclastic and siltstone, therefore, records periodic minor pulses of coarser terrigenous sediment. Predominantly, metre-scale limestone–shale cycles show an increasing abundance of siltstone beds in the upper half of the shale interval, with a marked decrease just before the capping limestone. This finding supports the idea that limestone formation occurred during slowing sedimentation, perhaps at a time of maximum sea-level rise. Furthermore, decametre-scale fluctuations in siltstone abundance are similar in pattern to previously documented faunal variations, indicating that fauna assemblage might be more controlled by turbidity and not depth.

PLEISTOCENE WALRUS HERDS IN THE OLYMPIC PENINSULA AREA: TRACE-FOSSIL EVIDENCE OF PREDATION BY HYDRAULIC JETTING

Palaios ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 539-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. GINGRAS ◽  
I. A. ARMITAGE ◽  
S. G. PEMBERTON ◽  
H. E. CLIFTON
Keyword(s):  
Trace Fossil ◽  
Olympic Peninsula ◽  
Fossil Evidence

New trace fossil evidence for eurypterid swimming behaviour

Palaeontology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew B. Vrazo ◽  
Samuel J. Ciurca
Keyword(s):  
Trace Fossil ◽  
Swimming Behaviour ◽  
Fossil Evidence

Evidence from trace fossils

1985 ◽  
Vol 309 (1138) ◽  
pp. 241-242 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Trace Fossils ◽  
Trace Fossil ◽  
Fossil Evidence

I wish to emphasize the im portance of trace fossil evidence in studying the terrestrialization of invertebrates. Associations of trace fossils of arthropod origin are known from the late Silurian and Devonian non-marine sediments in the Welsh Borders, Scotland (Midland Valley and Orcadian basins), Norway (Ringerike and Hornelen basins), Spitzbergen, Appalachians of North America and Antarctica (Pollard et al . 1982, figure 15; Pollard & W alker 1984, figure 3).

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