Reduction of Income Inequality: Evidence from Education and Female Labor Participation Data

This study empirically investigates the impact of import protection on female labor using a panel dataset of 211 countries. Our findings suggest that import protection increases female labor participation rate in capital abundant countries, whereas decreases in labor abundant ones. This result is also in line with the stylized view that female labor benefits from labor intensive production which requires less formal training and lower job skills.

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Changing Female Labor Force Participation: Influences on Income Inequality and Distribution

Social Forces ◽

10.2307/2579143 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 68 (4) ◽

pp. 1251 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nan L. Maxwell

Keyword(s):

Income Inequality ◽

Labor Force ◽

Labor Force Participation ◽

Female Labor Force Participation ◽

Female Labor

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An empirical study of the impact of female labor participation on their subjective well-being in mainland China: evidence from CGSS data

Asian Education and Development Studies ◽

10.1108/aeds-08-2020-0194 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Jiehua Lu ◽

Jiawei Nie

Keyword(s):

Rural Women ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Mainland China ◽

Well Being ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Labor Participation ◽

Female Labor ◽

Content Type ◽

Employment Conditions ◽

The Impact

PurposeLabor participation has always been a hot topic in academic circle and a vital label in the process of China's economic and social development. Therefore, the purpose this paper is to use CGSS 2015 data, starting from labor participation, and make a comparably comprehensive analysis of the influencing factors of subjective well-being of females.Design/methodology/approachBy conducting probit regressions, the paper reveals the impact of labor participation and socio-demographic conditions on the subjective well-being of females in Mainland China.FindingsFirst, the authors’ findings turn out that urban women do have a higher level of women's subjective well-being when compared to rural women. Second, educational attainment has a significantly positive effect on subjective well-being only in urban areas, while having teen children is only statistically significant for rural residents. Third, the overall impact of employment conditions on women's subjective well-being is reduced due to the transition of gender conceptions. In all, the evaluation of subjective well-being of females is reshaped by the overwhelming transition of society in Mainland China.Research limitations/implicationsThere remain some limitations of this study. First, because CGSS 2015 data are the only data analyzed here, it is hard and inaccurate to compare the differences between this result and previous outcomes conducted by other scholars using CGSS 2005, 2010 and 2013 data. Second, the categories of employment conditions are not detailed, and thus it adds burden to further analysis. For future studies, a wider range of data should be taken into account and provide data support to have a convincing comparison at different times. The social background of diverse employment conditions could be discussed in-depth as well.Originality/valueBased on the early literature, this paper is intended to use Chinese data to study the major factors affecting Chinese female labor participation in Mainland China and also discuss the implications in practice.

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