scholarly journals A Middle Caddo Period Cemetery (41FK97/139) on Big Cypress Creek in Franklin County, Texas

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Perttula ◽  
Bo Nelson
Keyword(s):  
East Texas ◽  
Franklin County ◽  
Junior Author ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Habitation Site

In the early 1990s, an ancestral Caddo habitation site and cemetery was reported to the junior author in the Big Cypress Creek valley in Franklin County in East Texas by a local collector. The site is in an area of other known ancestral Caddo cemeteries, including the Bruce J. Connally Farm (41FK5) and the P. G. Hightower Farm (41FK7). In this article we summarize the available information about this important but still little known ancestral Caddo site.

scholarly journals Spatial Patterning of Material Culture Remains and Animal Bone at an Early 18th Century Caddo Site in East Texas

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Perttula ◽  
Bo Nelson ◽  
Mark Walters
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Spatial Patterning ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Camino Real ◽  
Animal Bone ◽  
Geophysical Anomalies ◽  
North And South ◽  
Early 18Th Century ◽  
Habitation Site

The J. T. King site (41NA15) is an early 18th century Caddo habitation site on King Creek, a tributary to the Angelina River. It is situated on the northern route of El Camino Real de los Tejas, about 5 km east of the Camino Real’s crossing of the Angelina River. This is an area where Historic Caddo sites are relatively common, and there are sites generally contemporaneous with the J. T. King site both north and south some distance along King Creek. Archaeogeophysical and archaeological investigations were conducted intermittingtly at the J. T. King site since May 2008, following the relocation of the site by Tom Middlebrook in 2006. The archaeogeophysical work was led by Dr. Chester P. Walker, and covered a 6.1 acre area of the site. During that work, a considerable number of geophysical anomalies were defined, including 10 circular to sub-round anomalies that range from 3.7 to 12.5 m in diameter. A number of them have smaller anomalies situated in or near their centers that are likely central hearths or large post holes (i.e., center posts) inside Caddo structures.

scholarly journals Three Mounds Creek Site, Gregg County, Texas

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Perttula
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Numbering System ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Sabine River

One of the prehistoric Caddo sites represented in the Buddy Calvin Jones Collections at the Gregg County Historical Museum (GCHM) is the Three Mounds Creek site in Gregg County, in East Texas. The site is GC-68 in the Jones site numbering system (68th site he discovered in Gregg County). The available information about the site in the GCHM records is sketchy at best. The site had three mounds along Spring Creek, near its confluence with the Sabine River, in the Longview area. A search of Gregg County 7.5' USGS topographic quadrangles failed to disclose a Spring Creek in the Sabine River basin, so it is likely that the Spring Creek appellation is an informal one used by Jones at the time. Jones' notes also fail to describe the mounds in any fashion, nor their relationship to each other or the landform they were built on, and no map is available that shows the location of the three mounds with respect to where he collected artifacts from the site.

scholarly journals The L. L. Winterbauer Site (41WD6), Wood County, Texas

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Perttula
Keyword(s):  
East Texas ◽  
Post Oak ◽  
Tributary Stream ◽  
Sabine River ◽  
Habitation Site ◽  
Small Tributary

The L. L. Winterbauer site (41WD6) is an ancestral Caddo habitation site in the Lake Fork Creek basin in the Post Oak Savannah of East Texas (Figure 1). It is situated along a small tributary stream that flows west into Lake Fork Creek, itself a tributary to the Sabine River, about 1.5 miles west of Quitman, the county seat of Wood County. The recovered artifacts from the investigations of the Winterbauer site indicate that the site was occupied during the Late Caddo period Titus phase, dated generally between ca. A.D. 1430-1680.

scholarly journals The J. M. Snow Site (41CE8) in the Neches River Basin, Cherokee County, Texas

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Perttula
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Deer Antler ◽  
University Of Texas ◽  
Ceramic Pipe ◽  
Ceramic Vessel ◽  
Ceramic Vessels ◽  
Mussel Shells ◽  
Neches River ◽  
Habitation Site

The J. M. Snow site (41CE8) is an ancestral Caddo habitation site and probable small cemetery in the Pineywoods of East Texas. According to Jackson, the site had two habitation areas along the bank of an old channel of the Neches River, each some 300 m from an area where the landowner found 8-10 ceramic vessels from one or more burials that had eroded into a ravine. A Bullard Brushed jar was purchased from the landowner. One of the habitation areas had a well-preserved midden deposit about 4.6-7.6 m in diameter and ca. 46-76 cm in thickness. University of Texas (UT) excavations in September 1933 concentrated on this midden deposit. The work recovered burned clay, mussel shells, ash, bone awls (n=2), perforated mussel shells, bone beads (n=2), lithic scrapers, deer antler tools, and deer, dog, raccoon, turtle, turkey, fish, rabbit, and squirrel bone refuse, as well as ceramic pipe sherds and many ceramic vessel sherds.

scholarly journals Obsidian Artifacts from East Texas Archaeological Sites

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Perttula ◽  
Thomas R. Hester
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Source Data ◽  
Ceramic Vessels ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Obsidian Source ◽  
Made In

Obsidian artifacts are one of the few material culture remains on East Texas sites that provide direct evidence of distant links between East Texas’s native American peoples and native American communities in the Southwest or the Northwestern Plains. Other such material culture items include marine shells from the Gulf of California, turquoise from New Mexico sources, and sherds from ceramic vessels made in the Puebloan Southwest. Such artifacts, however, are rarely recovered in East Texas archaeological sites. In this article, we summarize the available information on obsidian artifacts from East Texas archaeological sites, much of it gathered from Hester’s Texas Obsidian Project (TOP), including obsidian source data when it is available.

scholarly journals Archaeological Investigations at the Pine Snake Site, an Allen Phase Settlement on Flat Creek in Northwestern Cherokee County, Texas

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Perttula ◽  
Bo Nelson ◽  
Mark Walters ◽  
James Feathers
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Private Land ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Pine Snake ◽  
Neches River ◽  
Early 18Th Century ◽  
Habitation Site

The Pine Snake site is a recently discovered late 17th to early 18th century Caddo Indian archaeological site located on private land in the northwestern part of Cherokee County, Texas, in the valley of a westward flowing tributary to the Neches River. This is an area of the Pineywoods of East Texas that contains extensive numbers of Caddo archaeological sites along all major and minor streams. Post-A.D. 1400 Frankston phase and post-A.D. 1650 Historic Caddo Allen phase sites, especially cemeteries dating to either phase, are particularly abundant in this part of East Texas. This article summarizes the findings from archaeological investigations we completed at the Pine Snake site in late 2008. They have produced important information on the domestic archaeological record at a well preserved Allen phase habitation site.

scholarly journals 41HO70 on Stowe Creek in the upper San Pedro Creek Basin, Houston County, Texas

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Perttula
Keyword(s):  
Research Laboratory ◽  
East Texas ◽  
University Of Texas ◽  
San Pedro ◽  
The University ◽  
Available Information

Site 41HO70 in the East Texas Pineywoods is an ancestral Caddo settlement that was extensively looted by a well-known East Texas looter in 1985. The available information about the site discussed in this article is gleaned from the records and a 1986 artifact collection held by the Texas Archeological Research Laboratory at The University of Texas at Austin (TARL).

scholarly journals Early to Mid-19th Century Occupation at the Dead Cow Site (41SM324), Smith County, Texas

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Perttula
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Downtown Area ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Republic Of Texas ◽  
Sabine River ◽  
Habitation Site

The Dead Cow site is an early to mid-19th century archaeological site located within the northern part (Sabine River basin) of the proposed Republic of Texas 1836 Cherokee Indians land grant in East Texas, generally east of the downtown area of the modem city of Tyler. Cherokee Indians had moved into East Texas by the early 1820s, and "most of the Cherokees cleared land and carved out farms in the uninhabited region directly north of Nacogdoches, on the upper branches of the Neches, Angelina, and Sabine rivers. By 1822 their population had grown to nearly three hundred." To date, historic archaeological sites identified as being occupied by the Cherokee during their ca. 1820-1839 settlement of East Texas remain illusive, and to my knowledge no such sites have been documented to date in the region. This article considers, from an examination of the historic artifact assemblage found here, the possibility that the Dead Cow site is a Cherokee habitation site.

scholarly journals 41SM91: A Frankston Phase Settlement on the Neches River at Lake Palestine, Smith County, Texas

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Perttula
Keyword(s):  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Large Reservoir ◽  
University Of Texas ◽  
Ceramic Vessel ◽  
The University ◽  
Neches River ◽  
Habitation Site ◽  
Smith County

Site 41SM91 is an ancestral Caddo habitation site on an upland landform east of the Neches River, in the area of Lake Palestine, a large reservoir constructed on the Neches River in the East Texas Pineywoods; the dam is located about 11 km south of the site. The site was found and recorded during a 1957 survey of the proposed reservoir flood pool, and Johnson described it as “a large Frankston Focus habitation site located in a cultivated field on the slope of a large hill to the east of the Neches floodplain”. A large assemblage of ceramic vessel sherds were collected from the surface of the site during the archaeological survey, and these sherds are in the collections of the Texas Archeological Research Laboratory at the University of Texas at Austin.

scholarly journals Caddo Ceramic Vessels from the Eli Moores Site (41BW2), Bowie County, Texas

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Perttula
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Red River ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
East Texas ◽  
University Of Texas ◽  
Lithic Assemblage ◽  
Ceramic Vessels ◽  
The University ◽  
Early 18Th Century ◽  
Habitation Site

The Eli Moores site (41BW2) is an important ancestral Caddo mound center and habitation site on the Red River in the East Texas Pineywoods, likely part of the Nasoni Caddo village visited by the Teran de los Rios entrada in 1691. The Eli Moores site is situated on a natural levee of the Red River, currently about 2.5 km north of the site. The site, occupied from the 17th to the early 18th century, may have been the residence of the Caddi of the Nasoni Caddo when it was visited by the French and Spanish, and the Xinesi lived in a temple on the mound at the nearby Hatchel site (41BW3). The site was investigated by the University of Texas in 1932, and in one of the mounds and in associated midden deposits, the remains of Caddo structures, midden deposits, features, eight burials (with nine individuals), and a large ceramic and lithic assemblage were recovered, along with well-preserved plant and faunal remains.

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