Organization of the Living Space and the Inferred Economic Activity at the Middle Paleolithic Site in Saradj-Chuko Grotto (based on materials of layer 6B)

The use of modern methods of microstratigraphic and planigraphic analyses allows the authors to speak about features of organizing life space in the Middle Paleolithic sites. The layer 6B at Saradj-Chuko grotto can be defined as an actively occupied Middle Paleolithic habitation site, where ancient humans were engaged in manufacture and use of obsidian tools. A tracelogical analysis allowed the authors to reconstruct various economic activities of ancient humans. For the first time for the Middle Paleolithic site in the northern slope of the central Caucasus, a tracelogical analysis was carried out taking into account the space distribution of tools over the site area, which allowed us to study features of human activity at different areas of the site. The new data are considered within a broad context of the Middle Paleolithic of the Caucasus, as well as the available data on economic activity and residential structures in various sites are analyzed.

Ordering the land beyond the Sixth Cataract: Imperial policy, archaeology and the role of Henry Wellcome

The Sudan occupies a fairly complex place in archaeological enquiry. This is not a result of the archaeological record, rather it is due to a particular perception of the Sudan, its archaeology and history. The first excavators were archaeologists and anatomists who either worked in Egypt or in the Mediterranean, while the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium encouraged white-only scholars to both conduct research and to be active members of the newly formed political service in order to ‘know the natives’. In other words, archaeology from the outset was intimately connected to a particular political narrative and aim. This paper traces the historical context from the early 20th century to the development of archaeology south of beyond the Sixth Cataract south of the present-day capital of Khartoum, showing how it was created by Henry Wellcome. In particular, it focuses on the vast mortuary and habitation site of Jebel Moya, south-central Sudan, where new fieldwork is yielding fruitful results. Henry Wellcome's contribution to archaeology remains under-acknowledged. This long-overdue critical assessment traces and contextualizes the historical trajectories at play and situates them within the broader historical archaeology context.

Lingkungan Geologi Situs Hunian Gua Gede di Pulau Nusa Penida, Kabupaten Klungkung, Provinsi Bali

The Geological Environment Of The Habitation Site Of Gede Cave In Nusa Penida Island, Klungkung Regency, Bali Province. Gede Cave is one of the karst caves in the slopes of the hills of Banjar Pendem, Nusa Penida, Bali, with an environment that is suitable for a shelter. From results of research conducted by the Archaeological Research Office of Denpasar (Balai Arkeologi Denpasar), we learn that in the cave were discovered remains ofprehistoric settlements in forms of bone tools, stone tools, pottery, debris from mollusks (probably remains of food). Humans can survive in karst environment in this area during the prehistoric period because such area is supported by caves that are suitable for shelter, as well as the availability of natural resources. Both factors can be found at Gede Cave. Therefore it was used as a shelter in prehistoric period. What was the condition of Gede Cave and what were the environmental resources that support the life of prehistoric human community are the subject of this paper.Abstrak. Gua Gede adalah salah satu gua karst di lereng perbukitan Banjar Pendem, Nusa Penida dengan lingkungan yang memungkinkan sebagai tempat hunian. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Balai Arkeologi Denpasar di gua ini ditemukan sisa-sisa pemukiman dari masa prasejarah berupa alat-alat dari tulang, alat batu, tembikar, dan sisa-sisa makanan dari moluska. Manusia dapat bertahan hidup di lingkungan karst pada masa prasejarah di daerah ini, didukung oleh kondisi gua yang memenuhi syarat sebagai tempat hunian dengan ketersediaan sumberdaya alam. Kedua faktor ini terpenuhi di Gua Gede sehingga menjadikannya sebagai tempat hunian di zaman prasejarah. Seperti apa kondisi Gua Gede dan sumberdaya lingkungan apa saja yang mendukung kehidupan manusia prasejarah didalamnya, menjadi pokok bahasan dalam tulisan ini.

EKSISTENSI STENASELLUS SP. PADA GUA HUNIAN PRASEJARAH DI KAWASAN KARS BUKIT BULAN, SAROLANGUN, JAMBI

So far, there is no previous report on the existence of Stenasellidae in a prehistoric cave-site in Indonesia. For the very first time, information about the existence of this ancient shrimp in a prehistoric habitation-site yielded from multidisciplinary research at Mesiu Cave. Their existence is delightful to discuss because they are extremely vulnerable and only lives in a specific environment (i.e. stygobit). This article unravels the reason behind the survival of Stenasellidae at Mesiu Cave over a descriptive – explanatory approach. Our observation on the specimen shows its similarity to the typical characteristics of Stenasellus genera. Furthermore, description of their existing habitat shows a characteristic which is fundamentally contradicting to the regular location of prehistoric human activity in a cave site. More likely, this distinctive spatial use of the cave has enabled Stenasellus sp. to survive until the present day. Moreover, the discovery of this unique cavernicole also enhances the outstanding value of Mesiu Cave as a cultural heritage site. Hingga saat ini, belum ada laporan mengenai penemuan Stenasellidae (Crustacea, Malacostraca, Isopoda) pada situs gua hunian prasejarah di Indonesia. Untuk pertama kalinya, informasi mengenai keberadaan udang purba tersebut pada situs gua hunian diperoleh dari penelitian multidisipliner di situs Gua Mesiu. Bertahannya eksistensi organisme ini di situs hunian prasejarah menarik untuk diulas lebih lanjut sebab hewan ini dikenal rentan dan hanya hidup pada lingkungan yang spesifik (i.e. stygobit). Artikel ini mengungkap alasan yang melatarbelakangi bertahannya eksistensi Stenasellidae di situs Gua Mesiu melalui pendekatan deskriptif–eksplanatif. Observasi kami pada fisiologi spesimen Stenasellidae tersebut menunjukkan karakteristik anatomi dari marga Stenasellus. Sedangkan deskripsi habitat Stenasellus sp. menunjukkan karakteristik lingkungan yang bertolak-belakang dengan lokasi aktivitas hunian manusia di gua-gua prasejarah pada umumnya. Perbedaan tersebut sangat mungkin menjadi salah satu faktor penyebab bertahannya eksistensi Stenasellus sp. di Gua Mesiu. Laporan mengenai penemuan fauna gua ini juga turut menambah nilai penting dan keunikan tersendiri Gua Mesiu sebagai situs cagar budaya.

Pola Pemukiman Komunitas Budaya Megalitik Di Desa Muak, Dataran Tinggi Jambi

The dispersion of archaeological sites at Muak Village in Jambi Highland forms a spatial grouping of sites of a community in the past. However, the settlement pattern and local geographical condition, which influenced it, has yet to be recognized. To solve the problem, three phases of analyses were performed. First, specific or descriptive was carried out to identify artifacts. Second, the contextual analysis was conducted to know the functions of the artifacts and sites. Third, the semi-micro spatial analysis was done to reveal the site to site relationships as well as a relation between a site and the surrounding geographical environment. Based on those analyses can be identified that the megalithic settlement at Muak Village consisted of ritual, habitation, and urn burial sites. The layout of those sites is a ritual site encircled by the habitation site, while the urn burial site is located outside the habitation area. Moreover, the relation between the sites and the surrounding environment is that the ritual and habitation sites are located on hill ridges, while the urn burial site is on hill slope or valley.

The Caddo Ceramic Vessels from the Cemetery at 41HS74 on Hatley Creek in the Sabine River Basin, Harrison County, Texas

Site 41HS74 is an ancestral Caddo habitation site and cemetery on Hatley Creek, a southwardflowing tributary to the Sabine River, in the East Texas Pineywoods (Figure 1). The site was investigated in 1986 by Heartfield, Price and Greene, Inc. (1988). The re-analysis of the ceramic vessels recovered from nine burial features at the site are the subject of this article. The vessels are curated at the Texas Archeological Research Laboratory at The University of Texas at Austin (TARL).

An Ancestral Caddo Ceramic Vessel from the Molly Cameron Site (41BW18) in the Sulphur River Basin in East Texas

The Molly Cameron site is an ancestral Caddo habitation site with burial features in the Sulphur River basin in East Texas, specifically on Aiken Creek, a southward-flowing tributary, about one mile east of the dam at Lake Wright Patman. The site was first exposed in 1928, when plowing of the land owned by W. K. Cameron exposed several ceramic vessels and human remains. One of the vessels was purchased by The University of Texas at Austin in August 1932; that vessel is documented below.