Fog Computing Resource Optimization: A Review on Current Scenarios and Resource Management

The unpredictable and huge data generation nowadays by smart computing devices like (Sensors, Actuators, Wi-Fi routers), to handle and maintain their computational processing power in real time environment by centralized cloud platform is difficult because of its limitations, issues and challenges, to overcome these, Cisco introduced the Fog computing paradigm as an alternative for cloud-based computing. This recent IT trend is taking the computing experience to the next level. It is an extended and advantageous extension of the centralized cloud computing technology. In this article, we tried to highlight the various issues that currently cloud computing is facing. Here in this research article, we present a comprehensive review of fog computing, differentiating it from cloud computing, also present various use-cases of fog computing in different domains, we came to conclude that Fog computing leads in an efficient energy resource management, leveraging the energy both in terms of consumption and cost scenarios. Further, we highlighted its key features, challenges and issues, resource optimization methods.

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Fog Computing and Virtualization

Advances in Computer and Electrical Engineering - Design and Use of Virtualization Technology in Cloud Computing ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-2785-5.ch003 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 100-114

Author(s):

Siddhartha Duggirala

Keyword(s):

Cloud Computing ◽

Mobile Phones ◽

Fog Computing ◽

Main Concern ◽

Public Cloud ◽

Local Systems ◽

Processing Power ◽

Quality And Reliability ◽

And Storage ◽

Virtual Services

The essence of Cloud computing is moving out the processing from the local systems to remote systems. Cloud is an umbrella of physical/virtual services/resources easily accessible over the internet. With more companies adopting cloud either fully through public cloud or Hybrid model, the challenges in maintaining a cloud capable infrastructure is also increasing. About 42% of CTOs say that security is their main concern for moving into cloud. Another problem which is mainly problem with infrastructure is the connectivity issue. The datacenter could be considered as the backbone of cloud computing architecture. As the processing power and storage capabilities of the end devices like mobile phones, routers, sensor hubs improve we can increasing leverage these resources to improve your quality and reliability of services.

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Fog Computing and Virtualization

Handbook of Research on Cloud and Fog Computing Infrastructures for Data Science - Advances in Computer and Electrical Engineering ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-5972-6.ch003 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 53-67

Author(s):

Siddhartha Duggirala

Keyword(s):

Cloud Computing ◽

Fog Computing ◽

Main Concern ◽

Time Data ◽

Human Machine Interaction ◽

Processing Power ◽

New Generation ◽

And Storage ◽

Virtual Services ◽

Machine Interaction

The essence of cloud computing is moving out the processing from the local systems to remote systems. Cloud is an umbrella of physical/virtual services/resources easily accessible over the internet. With more companies adopting cloud either fully through public cloud or hybrid model, the challenges in maintaining a cloud capable infrastructure is also increasing. About 42% of CTOs say that security is their main concern for moving into cloud. Another problem, which is mainly problem with infrastructure, is the connectivity issue. The datacenter could be considered as the backbone of cloud computing architecture. Handling this new generation of requirements of volume, variety, and velocity in IoT data requires us to evaluate the tools and technologies. As the processing power and storage capabilities of the end devices like mobile phones, routers, sensor hubs improve, we can increase leverage these resources to improve your quality and reliability of services. Applications of fog computing is as diverse as IoT and cloud computing itself. What IoT and fog computing have in common is to monitor and analyse real-time data from network connected things and acting on them. Machine-to-machine coordination or human-machine interaction can be a part of this action. This chapter explores fog computing and virtualization.

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Fog Computing and Virtualization

Fog Computing ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-5649-7.ch010 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 208-219

Author(s):

Siddhartha Duggirala

Keyword(s):

Cloud Computing ◽

Mobile Phones ◽

Fog Computing ◽

Main Concern ◽

Public Cloud ◽

Local Systems ◽

Processing Power ◽

Quality And Reliability ◽

And Storage ◽

Virtual Services

The essence of Cloud computing is moving out the processing from the local systems to remote systems. Cloud is an umbrella of physical/virtual services/resources easily accessible over the internet. With more companies adopting cloud either fully through public cloud or Hybrid model, the challenges in maintaining a cloud capable infrastructure is also increasing. About 42% of CTOs say that security is their main concern for moving into cloud. Another problem which is mainly problem with infrastructure is the connectivity issue. The datacenter could be considered as the backbone of cloud computing architecture. As the processing power and storage capabilities of the end devices like mobile phones, routers, sensor hubs improve we can increasing leverage these resources to improve your quality and reliability of services.

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A Cloud Trusting Mechanism Based on Resource Ranking

Handling Priority Inversion in Time-Constrained Distributed Databases - Advances in Data Mining and Database Management ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-2491-6.ch008 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 130-155

Author(s):

Ajai K. Daniel

Keyword(s):

Cloud Computing ◽

Resource Management ◽

Service Selection ◽

Cloud Service ◽

Cloud Services ◽

Storage And Retrieval ◽

Computing Paradigm ◽

Efficient Resource ◽

Software And Hardware ◽

Cloud User

The cloud-based computing paradigm helps organizations grow exponentially through means of employing an efficient resource management under the budgetary constraints. As an emerging field, cloud computing has a concept of amalgamation of database techniques, programming, network, and internet. The revolutionary advantages over conventional data computing, storage, and retrieval infrastructures result in an increase in the number of organizational services. Cloud services are feasible in all aspects such as cost, operation, infrastructure (software and hardware) and processing. The efficient resource management with cloud computing has great importance of higher scalability, significant energy saving, and cost reduction. Trustworthiness of the provider significantly influences the possible cloud user in his selection of cloud services. This chapter proposes a cloud service selection model (CSSM) for analyzing any cloud service in detail with multidimensional perspectives.

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Fog Computing Framework for Smart City Design

International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) ◽

10.3991/ijim.v14i01.9762 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (01) ◽

pp. 109

Author(s):

Mais Haj Qasem ◽

Alaa Abu-Srhan ◽

Hutaf Natoureah ◽

Esra Alzaghoul

Keyword(s):

Cloud Computing ◽

Data Processing ◽

Real Time ◽

Smart City ◽

Network Architecture ◽

Data Exchange ◽

Fog Computing ◽

Computing Paradigm ◽

Network Usage ◽

The Cost

Fog-computing is a new network architecture and computing paradigm that uses user or near-users devices (network edge) to carry out some processing tasks. Accordingly, it extends the cloud computing with more flexibility the one found in the ubiquitous networks. A smart city based on the concept of fog-computing with flexible hierarchy is proposed in this paper. The aim of the proposed design is to overcome the limitations of the previous approaches, which depends on using various network architectures, such as cloud-computing, autonomic network architecture and ubiquitous network architecture. Accordingly, the proposed approach achieves a reduction of the latency of data processing and transmission with enabled real-time applications, distribute the processing tasks over edge devices in order to reduce the cost of data processing and allow collaborative data exchange among the applications of the smart city. The design is made up of five major layers, which can be increased or merged according to the amount of data processing and transmission in each application. The involved layers are connection layer, real-time processing layer, neighborhood linking layer, main-processing layer, data server layer. A case study of a novel smart public car parking, traveling and direction advisor is implemented using IFogSim and the results showed that reduce the delay of real-time application significantly, reduce the cost and network usage compared to the cloud-computing paradigm. Moreover, the proposed approach, although, it increases the scalability and reliability of the users’ access, it does not sacrifice much time, nor cost and network usage compared to fixed fog-computing design.

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From Cloud Computing to Fog Computing

International Journal of Fog Computing ◽

10.4018/ijfc.2018010101 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sanjay P. Ahuja ◽

Niharika Deval

Keyword(s):

Cloud Computing ◽

Fog Computing ◽

Cost Savings ◽

End Users ◽

Internet Technology ◽

Future Research ◽

Computing Paradigm ◽

Close Proximity ◽

Iot Devices ◽

Communication Control

This article describes how in recent years, Cloud Computing has emerged as a fundamental computing paradigm that has significantly changed the approach of enterprises as well as end users towards implementation of Internet technology. The key characteristics such as on-demand resource provision, scalability, rapid elasticity, higher flexibility, and significant cost savings have influenced enterprises of all sizes in the wide and successful adoption of Cloud Computing. Despite numerous advantages, Cloud Computing has its fair share of downsides as well. One of those major concerns is latency issues which has relevance to the Internet of Things (IoT). A new computing paradigm has been proposed by Cisco in early 2014 and termed 'Fog Computing'. Fog Computing otherwise known as Edge Computing is the integration of Cloud Computing and IoT. Being located in close proximity to the IoT devices, the Fog assists with latency requirements of IoT related applications. It also meets the data processing needs of IoT devices which are resource constrained by bringing computation, communication, control and storage closer to the end users. Clouds continue to offer support for data analytics. One can think of the IoT-Fog-Cloud as being part of a continuum. This article surveys the current literature on Fog Computing and provides a discussion on the background, details and architecture of Fog Computing, as well as the application areas of Fog Computing. The article concludes with some recommendations in the areas of future research.

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Fog-Based CDN Framework for Minimizing Latency of Web Services Using Fog-Based HTTP Browser

Future Internet ◽

10.3390/fi13120320 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 320

Author(s):

Ahmed H. Ibrahim ◽

Zaki T. Fayed ◽

Hossam M. Faheem

Keyword(s):

Cloud Computing ◽

Web Services ◽

Fog Computing ◽

Partial Solution ◽

Cloud Services ◽

Network Layer ◽

Cloud Data ◽

Download Time ◽

Computing Paradigm ◽

Cloud Servers

Cloud computing has been a dominant computing paradigm for many years. It provides applications with computing, storage, and networking capabilities. Furthermore, it enhances the scalability and quality of service (QoS) of applications and offers the better utilization of resources. Recently, these advantages of cloud computing have deteriorated in quality. Cloud services have been affected in terms of latency and QoS due to the high streams of data produced by many Internet of Things (IoT) devices, smart machines, and other computing devices joining the network, which in turn affects network capabilities. Content delivery networks (CDNs) previously provided a partial solution for content retrieval, availability, and resource download time. CDNs rely on the geographic distribution of cloud servers to provide better content reachability. CDNs are perceived as a network layer near cloud data centers. Recently, CDNs began to perceive the same degradations of QoS due to the same factors. Fog computing fills the gap between cloud services and consumers by bringing cloud capabilities close to end devices. Fog computing is perceived as another network layer near end devices. The adoption of the CDN model in fog computing is a promising approach to providing better QoS and latency for cloud services. Therefore, a fog-based CDN framework capable of reducing the load time of web services was proposed in this paper. To evaluate our proposed framework and provide a complete set of tools for its use, a fog-based browser was developed. We showed that our proposed fog-based CDN framework improved the load time of web pages compared to the results attained through the use of the traditional CDN. Different experiments were conducted with a simple network topology against six websites with different content sizes along with a different number of fog nodes at different network distances. The results of these experiments show that with a fog-based CDN framework offloading autonomy, latency can be reduced by 85% and enhance the user experience of websites.

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Research on Internet of Things security architecture based on fog computing

International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks ◽

10.1177/1550147719888166 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. 155014771988816 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Trung Dong Mai

Keyword(s):

Cloud Computing ◽

Internet Of Things ◽

Data Transmission ◽

Fog Computing ◽

Security Architecture ◽

Time Data ◽

Local Data ◽

Computing Device ◽

Network Bandwidth ◽

Processing Power

The traditional data processing of the Internet of Things is concentrated in cloud computing, and its huge number of devices and massive real-time data transmission are extremely stressful on network bandwidth and cloud computing data centers. Fog computing is the infrastructure that can use processing power anywhere in the cloud. Virtual computing extends the power of cloud computing to the edge of the network, enabling any computing device to host and process software services, analyzing and storing data closer to where data are generated. The architecture of the fog computing brings enormous processing power. Since its processing power is often located near the required equipment, the distance of data transmission is reduced and the delay is reduced. This article explores how to use the fog computing layer between the cloud data center and the end node layer to store and process large amounts of local data in a timely manner, speeding decision making and enabling Internet of Things manufacturers and software developers to limit their ability to send data. They reduced cloud computing costs and built a reasonable security architecture.

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From Cloud Computing to Fog Computing

Research Anthology on Architectures, Frameworks, and Integration Strategies for Distributed and Cloud Computing ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-5339-8.ch047 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 999-1010

Author(s):

Sanjay P. Ahuja ◽

Niharika Deval

Keyword(s):

Cloud Computing ◽

Fog Computing ◽

Cost Savings ◽

End Users ◽

Internet Technology ◽

Future Research ◽

Computing Paradigm ◽

Key Characteristics ◽

Iot Devices ◽

Communication Control

This article describes how in recent years, Cloud Computing has emerged as a fundamental computing paradigm that has significantly changed the approach of enterprises as well as end users towards implementation of Internet technology. The key characteristics such as on-demand resource provision, scalability, rapid elasticity, higher flexibility, and significant cost savings have influenced enterprises of all sizes in the wide and successful adoption of Cloud Computing. Despite numerous advantages, Cloud Computing has its fair share of downsides as well. One of those major concerns is latency issues which has relevance to the Internet of Things (IoT). A new computing paradigm has been proposed by Cisco in early 2014 and termed 'Fog Computing'. Fog Computing otherwise known as Edge Computing is the integration of Cloud Computing and IoT. Being located in close proximity to the IoT devices, the Fog assists with latency requirements of IoT related applications. It also meets the data processing needs of IoT devices which are resource constrained by bringing computation, communication, control and storage closer to the end users. Clouds continue to offer support for data analytics. One can think of the IoT-Fog-Cloud as being part of a continuum. This article surveys the current literature on Fog Computing and provides a discussion on the background, details and architecture of Fog Computing, as well as the application areas of Fog Computing. The article concludes with some recommendations in the areas of future research.

Download Full-text