scholarly journals Comparing the accuracy and reliability of detecting intensity of spinal inflammation on STIR sequence with ADC values in axial spondyloarthritis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho Yin Chung ◽  
Tommy Tsang Cheung ◽  
Vince Wing Hang Lau ◽  
Kam Ho Lee ◽  
Florence King Pui Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Axial Spondyloarthritis ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
Stir Sequence ◽  
Spinal Mri ◽  
Adc Map ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Spinal Inflammation

Abstract Objective To compare the accuracy and reliability of detecting the intensity of spinal inflammation on short tau inversion recovery (STIR) with the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the active MRI lesions in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Materials and methods Fifty active lesions in STIR sequence of spinal MRI were identified. With reference to sites of active lesions in STIR, the corresponding region of interest (ROI) on ADC map was drawn to determine the maximum ADC (ADCmax), mean ADC (ADCmean), normalized maxium (nADCmax) and mean (nADCmean). Four independent readers scored the identified active lesions as “intense” or “non-intense” according to the SPARCC MRI index. They were compared to various ADC parameters for assessment of accuracy and reliability. Regression analyses were used to adjust potential factors that could affect ADC. Results Significant differences were found in ADCmax between “intense” and “non-intense” lesions scored by 3 of the 4 readers (1405.7±271.4 vs 1165.8±223.8, p=0.01; 1420.7±272.1 vs 1209.0±248.5, p=0.01; 1438.0±307.2 vs 1213.6±231.0, p=0.01). Only 1 reader could differentiate a difference in “intense” and “non-intense” lesions with respect to ADCmean (899.2±248.3 vs 711.0±222.6, p=0.01) and nADCmean (4.4±2.1 vs 3.4±1.4, p=0.05). Inter-reader agreements were slight to moderate (Kappa=0.07-0.45). Reliability substantially improved when only the lowest and highest 25th percentiles of ADC values were included (Kappa=0.17-0.75). Regression analyses showed the “intense” lesions were associated with higher ADC values after adjustment for confounders. Conclusion Reading of STIR MRI is limited by the lack of ability in differentiating subtle differences of spinal inflammation. ADC could be an alternative method.

scholarly journals Nonrigid Registration of Prostate Diffusion-Weighted MRI

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Hao ◽  
Yali Huang ◽  
Yuehua Gao ◽  
Xiaoxi Chen ◽  
Peiguang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Nonrigid Registration ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Image Registration Algorithm ◽  
Statistical Experiments ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Adc Map

Motion and deformation are common in prostate diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) during acquisition. These misalignments lead to errors in estimating an apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map fitted with DWI. To address this problem, we propose an image registration algorithm to align the prostate DWI and improve ADC map. First, we apply affine transformation to DWI to correct intraslice motions. Then, nonrigid registration based on free-form deformation (FFD) is used to compensate for intraimage deformations. To evaluate the influence of the proposed algorithm on ADC values, we perform statistical experiments in three schemes: no processing of the DWI, with the affine transform approach, and with FFD. The experimental results show that our proposed algorithm can correct the misalignment of prostate DWI and decrease the artifacts of ROI in the ADC maps. These ADC maps thus obtain sharper contours of lesions, which are helpful for improving the diagnosis and clinical staging of prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Hepatic sclerosed hemangioma and sclerosing cavernous hemangioma: a radiological study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuiyu Jia ◽  
Guangxue Liu ◽  
Xinxin Wang ◽  
Dawei Zhao ◽  
Ruili Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cavernous Hemangioma ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Weighted Image ◽  
Mri Features ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Cavernous Hemangiomas ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
Adc Map ◽  
Dynamic Enhancement

Abstract Purpose To investigate and compare the CT and MRI features of hepatic sclerosed hemangioma (HSH) and sclerosing cavernous hemangioma (SCH). Materials and methods Twelve HSH cases and 36 SCH cases were included, the imaging findings on CT (9 HSH and 34 SCH) and MRI (8 HSH and 10 SCH) were analyzed. Qualitative image analysis included the location, size, shape, capsular retraction, density, calcification, signal intensity on T1-weighted image (T1WI) and T2-weighted image (T2WI), presence of diffusion restriction, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map, transient hepatic attenuation difference around the lesion, and the dynamic enhancement patterns. Results The presence of liver cirrhosis in patients with HSH (3/12) was higher than SCH (1/36) (P = 0.043). The morphology appearance before enhancement showed no significant difference between HSH and SCH. Moreover, SCH had a stronger trend of centripetal enhancement patterns of cavernous hemangiomas (83.3%) compared to HSH (25%) (P < 0.001). Due to more frequent atypical enhancement features, containing rim-like enhancement, no enhancement, and peripheral heterogeneous enhancement, the misdiagnosis rate of HSH (75%) was significantly higher than that of SCH (16.7%) (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the ADC values of HSH and SCH were both higher than that of the surrounding liver parenchyma (P = 0.009, P = 0.002); however, there was no significant difference in ADC values between themselves (P = 0.613). Conclusion SCH showed the same trend of centripetal enhancement characteristics as typical hemangioma, while HSH exhibited atypical enhancement features due to complete sclerosis. Higher ADC values might contribute to the identification of atypical HSH and SCH from malignancies.

scholarly journals Apparent diffusion coefficient of normal adrenal glands

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 363-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Reis Teixeira ◽  
◽  
Paula Condé Lamparelli Elias ◽  
Andrea Farias de Melo Leite ◽  
Tatiane Mendes Gonçalves de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Adc Map ◽  
The Right

Abstract Objective: To assess the feasibility and reliability of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements of normal adrenal glands. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study involving 32 healthy subjects, divided into two groups: prepubertal (PreP, n = 12), aged from 2 months to 12.5 years (4 males; 8 females); and postpubertal (PostP, n = 20), aged from 11.9 to 61 years (5 males; 15 females). Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) sequences were acquired at a 1.5 T scanner using b values of 0, 20, 500, and 1000 s/mm2. Two radiologists evaluated the images. ADC values were measured pixel-by-pixel on DW-MRI scans, and automatic co-registration with the ADC map was obtained. Results: Mean ADC values for the right adrenal glands were 1.44 × 10-3 mm2/s for the PreP group and 1.23 × 10-3 mm2/s for the PostP group, whereas they were 1.58 × 10-3 mm2/s and 1.32 × 10-3 mm2/s, respectively, for the left glands. ADC values were higher in the PreP group than in the PostP group (p < 0.05). Agreement between readers was almost perfect (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.84-0.94; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our results demonstrate the feasibility and reliability of performing DW-MRI measurements of normal adrenal glands. They could also support the feasibility of ADC measurements of small structures.

scholarly journals Impact of Different Analytic Approaches on the Analysis of the Breast Fibroglandular Tissue Using Diffusion Weighted Imaging

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon Jung Choi ◽  
Jeon-Hor Chen ◽  
Hon J. Yu ◽  
Yifan Li ◽  
Min-Ying Su
Keyword(s):  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Volume Effect ◽  
Partial Volume Effect ◽  
Normal Breast ◽  
Unilateral Breast Cancer ◽  
Partial Volume ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Impact

Purpose. This study investigated the impact of the different region of interest (ROI) approaches on measurement of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in the breast firbroglandular tissue (FT). Methods. Breast MR images of 38 women diagnosed with unilateral breast cancer were studied. Percent density (PD) and ADC were measured from the contralateral normal breast. Four different ROIs were used for ADC measurement. The measured PD and ADC were correlated. Results. Among the four ROIs, the manually placed small ROI on FT gave the highest mean ADC (ADC = 1839 ± 343 [×10−6 mm2/s]), while measurement from the whole breast gave the lowest mean ADC (ADC = 933 ± 383 [×10−6 mm2/s]). The ADC measured from the whole breast was highly correlated with PD with r=0.95. In slice-to-slice comparison, the central slices with more FT had higher ADC values than the peripheral slices did, presumably due to less partial volume effect from fat. Conclusions. Our results indicated that the measured ADC heavily depends on the composition of breast tissue contained in the ROI used for the ADC measurements. Women with low breast density showing lower ADC values were most likely due to the partial volume effect of fatty tissues.

scholarly journals Repeatability and reproducibility of MRI apparent diffusion coefficient applied on four different regions of interest for patients with axial spondyloarthritis and healthy volunteers scanned twice within a week

BJR|Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 20200004
Author(s):  
Jakob Møllenbach Møller ◽  
Mikkel Østergaard ◽  
Henrik S Thomsen ◽  
Stine Hangaard ◽  
Inge J Sørensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Axial Spondyloarthritis ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Repeatability And Reproducibility ◽  
Weighted Sequences ◽  
Monitoring Treatment

Objectives: The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) may be used as a biomarker for diagnosis and/or monitoring treatment response in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), but this requires reliable ADC measurements. This study assessed test–retest repeatability and reproducibility of ADC measurements using four different region of interest (ROI) settings. Methods: In this prospective study, the sacroiliac joints (SIJs) of 25 patients with axSpA and 24 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were imaged twice at a mean interval of 6.8 days in a 1.5 T scanner using, multishot echoplanar diffusion-weighted sequences. ADCs at four ROI settings were assessed: 5 mm and 10 mm anatomic band-shaped, 15 mm linear, and 40 mm2 circular. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) assessments showed that the interstudy repeatability was good for median ADC (ADCmed) and 95th-percentile ADC (ADC95) measurements in patients with axSpA (0.77–0.83 and 0.75–0.83, respectively), but poor-to-moderate in healthy subjects (0.27–0.55 and 0.13–0.37, respectively). For all ROI settings, intrareader reproducibility was excellent for ADCmed-measurements (ICC:0.85–0.99) and moderate-to-excellent for ADC95 measurements (ICC:0.68–0.96). The 5 mm ROI had the least estimated bias and highest level of agreement on Bland–Altman plots. The interreader reproducibility was moderate (ICC:0.71). The 15 mm linear ROI produced significantly greater ADCmed and ADC95 measurements than all other ROI settings (p < 0.01–0.02), except for the circular ROI ADC95 measurements. Conclusion: ROI settings influence ADC measurements. Interstudy repeatability of SIJ ADC measurements is independent of ROI settings. However, the 5 mm ROI showed the least bias and random error and seems preferable. Advances in knowledge: ADC measurements are affected by ROI settings, and this should be taken into account when assessing ADC maps.

scholarly journals ASDAS is associated with both the extent and intensity of DW-MRI spinal inflammation in active axial spondyloarthritis

RMD Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. e001008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho Yin Chung ◽  
Eva Tsz Fung Chui ◽  
Kam Ho Lee ◽  
Helen Hoi Lun Tsang ◽  
Shirley Chiu Wai Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Axial Spondyloarthritis ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Inflammatory Lesions ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Spine Mri ◽  
Spinal Inflammation

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) and intensity of spinal inflammation measured by apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in MRI in participants with active axial spondyloarthritis (SpA).MethodsParticipants with axial SpA and back pain were recruited. Clinical, demographic, biochemical and imaging data were collected. ASDAS was calculated based on C reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Inflammatory lesions were identified in short tau inversion recovery images and the corresponding ADC maps to determine the maximum apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCmax), normalised maximum ADC, mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCmean) and normalised mean ADC by two independent readers. Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) spine and sacroiliac (SI) joint MRI indexes were determined. Univariate and multivariate linear regression models were used to determine the associations between of ASDAS with ADC values, SPARCC spine and SI MRI scores.ResultsEighty-two participants had identifiable ADC lesions. Multivariate analyses using ADCmax and SPARCC spine MRI as independent variables showed associations with ASDAS-CRP (ADCmax: B=0.27, p=0.02; SPARCC: B=0.32, p=0.01) and ASDAS-ESR (ADCmax: B=0.24, p=0.03; SPARCC: B=0.36, p<0.01); using ADCmean and SPARCC spine MRI as independent variables also showed an association with ASDAS-ESR (ADCmean: B=0.22, p=0.05; SPARCC: B=0.36, p<0.01) and a tendency to associate with ASDAS-CRP (ADCmean: B=0.21, p=0.07; SPARCC: B=0.34, p<0.01).ConclusionASDAS is associated with both the extent and the intensity of spinal inflammation in patients with detectable inflammatory lesions. Our results showed that ASDAS is an objective disease assessment tool.Trial registration numberHKUCTR-2087.

scholarly journals Value of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in evaluating response of carcinoma of the cervix treated with chemoradiotherapy

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
A.J. Le Roux ◽  
F.A. Gebremariam ◽  
W.S Harmse
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Tumour Size ◽  
Tumour Response ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Adc Value ◽  
Pelvic Mri ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Adc Values

Objective: To determine whether the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value obtained by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) can be used as a reliable detector of response of carcinoma of the cervix treated with chemoradiotherapy, compared with conventional T2-weighted MRI.Design: A prospective cohort study was performed.Setting: Department of Oncology, Universitas-National Hospital Complex, Bloemfontein.Subjects: Seventeen women with advanced cervical cancer, FIGO staging IIB - IVB, were selected for chemoradiation.Outcome measures: Patients underwent pelvic MRI before therapy, 14 days after onset of therapy, and in the last week of treatment (5th/6th week). Axial and sagittal conventional T2 was followed by DW-MRI in the axial plane from which a tumour region of interest (ROI) was manually drawn to calculate ADC values using b-values of 500 and 1 000 s/mm2.Results: ADC values for cervical carcinoma increased after treatment with chemoradiation. The most significant observation was seen 14 days after treatment was started. The mean ADC value increased with 20% (b=500 s/mm2) and 24% (b=1 000 s/mm2) (statistically significant, p<0.05) compared with a decrease in tumour size of only 8%, which was not statistically significant (p=0.075). Responders showed a larger change in ADC values than non-responders.Conclusion: The study showed considerable promise in the ability of ADC to identify early tumour response to therapy. DW-MRI is a non-invasive functional imaging technique that may in future change management in oncology by early identification of non-responders, hence avoiding unnecessary treatment.

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