Genetic and phenotypic associations between root architecture, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonisation and low phosphate tolerance instrawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Maria Cockerton ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Eleftheria Stavridou ◽  
Abigail Johnson ◽  
Amanda Karlström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root System ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
System Size ◽  
Nutrient Depletion ◽  
Depletion Zone ◽  
Root System Size ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract BackgroundPhosphate is an essential plant macronutrient required to achieve maximum crop yield. Roots are able to uptake soil phosphate from the immediate root area, thus creating a nutrient depletion zone. Many plants are able to exploit phosphate from beyond this root nutrient depletion zone through symbiotic association with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF). Here we characterise the relationship between root architecture, AMF association and low phosphate tolerance in strawberries. The contrasting root architecture in the parental strawberry cultivars ‘Redgauntlet’ and ‘Hapil’ was studied through a mapping population of 168 progeny. Low phosphate tolerance and AMF association was quantified for each genotype to allow assessment of the phenotypic and genotypic relationships between traits.ResultsA “phosphate scavenging” root phenotype where individuals exhibit a high proportion of surface lateral roots was associated with a reduction in root system size across genotypes. A genetic correlation between “root system size” traits was observed with a network of pleiotropic QTL were found to represent five “root system size” traits. By contrast, average root diameter and the distribution of roots appeared to be under two discrete methods of genetic control. A total of 45 QTL were associated with plant traits, eight of which were associated with root depth that explained 68 % of the observed variation. Investigations into the relationship between AMF association and root architecture found that a higher root density was associated with greater AMF colonisation across genotypes. However, no phenotypic correlation or genotypic association was found between low phosphate tolerance and the propensity for AMF association, nor root architectural traits when plants are grown under optimal nutrient conditions.ConclusionsUnderstanding the genetic relationships underpinning phosphate capture can inform the breeding of strawberry varieties with better nutrient use efficiency. Solid root systems were associated with greater AMF colonisation. However, low P-tolerance was not phenotypically or genotypically associated with root architecture traits in strawberry plants. Furthermore, a trade-off was observed between root system size and root architecture type, highlighting the energetic costs associated with a “phosphate scavenging” root architecture.

scholarly journals Genetic and phenotypic associations between root architecture, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonisation and low phosphate tolerance instrawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Maria Cockerton ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Eleftheria Stavridou ◽  
Abigail Johnson ◽  
Amanda Karlström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root System ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
System Size ◽  
Nutrient Depletion ◽  
Depletion Zone ◽  
Root System Size ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Phosphate is an essential plant macronutrient required to achieve maximum crop yield. Roots are able to uptake soil phosphate from the immediate root area, thus creating a nutrient depletion zone. Many plants are able to exploit phosphate from beyond this root nutrient depletion zone through symbiotic association with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF). Here we characterise the relationship between root architecture, AMF association and low phosphate tolerance in strawberries. The contrasting root architecture in the parental strawberry cultivars ‘Redgauntlet’ and ‘Hapil’ was studied through a mapping population of 168 progeny. Low phosphate tolerance and AMF association was quantified for each genotype to allow assessment of the phenotypic and genotypic relationships between traits. Results: A “phosphate scavenging” root phenotype where individuals exhibit a high proportion of surface lateral roots was associated with a reduction in root system size across genotypes. A genetic correlation between “root system size” traits was observed with a network of pleiotropic QTL were found to represent five “root system size” traits. By contrast, average root diameter and the distribution of roots appeared to be under two discrete methods of genetic control. A total of 18 QTL were associated with plant traits, 4 of which were associated with solidity that explained 46 % of the observed variation. Investigations into the relationship between AMF association and root architecture found that a higher root density was associated with greater AMF colonisation across genotypes. However, no phenotypic correlation or genotypic association was found between low phosphate tolerance and the propensity for AMF association, nor root architectural traits when plants are grown under optimal nutrient conditions.Conclusions: Understanding the genetic relationships underpinning phosphate capture can inform the breeding of strawberry varieties with better nutrient use efficiency. Solid root systems were associated with greater AMF colonisation. However, low P-tolerance was not phenotypically or genotypically associated with root architecture traits in strawberry plants. Furthermore, a trade-off was observed between root system size and root architecture type, highlighting the energetic costs associated with a “phosphate scavenging” root architecture.

scholarly journals Genetic and phenotypic associations between root architecture, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonisation and low phosphate tolerance in strawberry (Fragaria× ananassa)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Maria Cockerton ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Eleftheria Stavridou ◽  
Abigail Johnson ◽  
Amanda Karlström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root System ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
System Size ◽  
Nutrient Depletion ◽  
Depletion Zone ◽  
Root System Size ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Phosphate is an essential plant macronutrient required to achieve maximum crop yield. Roots are able to uptake soil phosphate from the immediate root area, thus creating a nutrient depletion zone. Many plants are able to exploit phosphate from beyond this root nutrient depletion zone through symbiotic association with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF). Here we characterise the relationship between root architecture, AMF association and low phosphate tolerance in strawberries. The contrasting root architecture in the parental strawberry cultivars ‘Redgauntlet’ and ‘Hapil’ was studied through a mapping population of 168 progeny. Low phosphate tolerance and AMF association was quantified for each genotype to allow assessment of the phenotypic and genotypic relationships between traits. Results A “phosphate scavenging” root phenotype where individuals exhibit a high proportion of surface lateral roots was associated with a reduction in root system size across genotypes. A genetic correlation between “root system size” traits was observed with a network of pleiotropic QTL were found to represent five “root system size” traits. By contrast, average root diameter and the distribution of roots appeared to be under two discrete methods of genetic control. A total of 18 QTL were associated with plant traits, 4 of which were associated with solidity that explained 46 % of the observed variation. Investigations into the relationship between AMF association and root architecture found that a higher root density was associated with greater AMF colonisation across genotypes. However, no phenotypic correlation or genotypic association was found between low phosphate tolerance and the propensity for AMF association, nor root architectural traits when plants are grown under optimal nutrient conditions. Conclusions Understanding the genetic relationships underpinning phosphate capture can inform the breeding of strawberry varieties with better nutrient use efficiency. Solid root systems were associated with greater AMF colonisation. However, low P-tolerance was not phenotypically or genotypically associated with root architecture traits in strawberry plants. Furthermore, a trade-off was observed between root system size and root architecture type, highlighting the energetic costs associated with a “phosphate scavenging” root architecture.

scholarly journals Genetic and phenotypic associations between root architecture, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonisation and low phosphate tolerance in strawberry (Fragaria× ananassa)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Maria Cockerton ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Eleftheria Stavridou ◽  
Abigail Johnson ◽  
Amanda Karlström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root System ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
System Size ◽  
Nutrient Depletion ◽  
Depletion Zone ◽  
Root System Size ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Phosphate is an essential plant macronutrient required to achieve maximum crop yield. Roots are able to uptake soil phosphate from the immediate root area, thus creating a nutrient depletion zone. Many plants are able to exploit phosphate from beyond this root nutrient depletion zone through symbiotic association with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF). Here we characterise the relationship between root architecture, AMF association and low phosphate tolerance in strawberries. The contrasting root architecture in the parental strawberry cultivars ‘Redgauntlet’ and ‘Hapil’ was studied through a mapping population of 168 progeny. Low phosphate tolerance and AMF association was quantified for each genotype to allow assessment of the phenotypic and genotypic relationships between traits. Results A “phosphate scavenging” root phenotype where individuals exhibit a high proportion of surface lateral roots was associated with a reduction in root system size across genotypes. A genetic correlation between “root system size” traits was observed with a network of pleiotropic QTL were found to represent five “root system size” traits. By contrast, average root diameter and the distribution of roots appeared to be under two discrete methods of genetic control. A total of 18 QTL were associated with plant traits, 4 of which were associated with solidity that explained 46 % of the observed variation. Investigations into the relationship between AMF association and root architecture found that a higher root density was associated with greater AMF colonisation across genotypes. However, no phenotypic correlation or genotypic association was found between low phosphate tolerance and the propensity for AMF association, nor root architectural traits when plants are grown under optimal nutrient conditions. Conclusions Understanding the genetic relationships underpinning phosphate capture can inform the breeding of strawberry varieties with better nutrient use efficiency. Solid root systems were associated with greater AMF colonisation. However, low P-tolerance was not phenotypically or genotypically associated with root architecture traits in strawberry plants. Furthermore, a trade-off was observed between root system size and root architecture type, highlighting the energetic costs associated with a “phosphate scavenging” root architecture.

scholarly journals Effects of sulpher foam and mycorrhizal fungi on Eggplant infested with Nematode(Meloidogyne javanica) at seed or seedling stage

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-398
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root System ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Treated Plant

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and sulphur foam added either at direct seeding or at transplanting decreased the effects of nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) on eggplant growth, and improved plant health. Experiments were conducted to study the possible interactions between the Mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mossae and Gigaspora spp.) and sulphur foam to control M. javanica on eggplant at seed or seedling stage. Experiment at seed stage treated with Mycorrhiza or sulphur foam alone or together stimulated the growth and reduced Nematode infestation significantly. Treated plant at seedling stage increased plant growth and reduced the number of galls /gm of root system. The interaction between Mycorrhiza and sulpher foam treatments was not significant.

Biology and ecology of mycoparasitism

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1284-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Jeffries
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Fungal Ecology ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Nutrient Source ◽  
Fungicolous Fungi ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
The Relationship

The term mycoparasitism applies strictly to those relationships in which one living fungus acts as a nutrient source for another, but fungicolous relationships may also be included in which nutrient exchange has not been shown. Fungicolous fungi have a constant but indeterminate association with another fungus, and it can be difficult to demonstrate a true parasitic relationship. Mycoparasitic relationships can be necrotrophic or biotrophic, and can be classified on the basis of the host–parasite interface as contact necrotrophs, invasive necrotrophs, haustorial biotrophs, intracellular biotrophs, or fusion biotrophs depending on the intimacy of the relationship. In natural ecosystems, it is proposed that mycoparasitic relationships play an important role in the development of fungal communities. Two specific examples have been chosen to illustrate the general principles of mycoparasitism: the necrotrophic invasion of spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the biotrophic invasion of mucoralean hosts by haustorial mycoparasites. Key words: mycoparasitism, fungicolous fungi, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, fungal ecology.

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