scholarly journals The Relationship between Growth Promotion by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Root Morphology and Phosphorus Absorption in Gramineous and Leguminous Crops.

1998 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsunori ISOBE ◽  
Yoshio TSUBOKI
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Phosphorus Absorption ◽  
Leguminous Crops ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Genetic and phenotypic associations between root architecture, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonisation and low phosphate tolerance instrawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Maria Cockerton ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Eleftheria Stavridou ◽  
Abigail Johnson ◽  
Amanda Karlström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root System ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
System Size ◽  
Nutrient Depletion ◽  
Depletion Zone ◽  
Root System Size ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Phosphate is an essential plant macronutrient required to achieve maximum crop yield. Roots are able to uptake soil phosphate from the immediate root area, thus creating a nutrient depletion zone. Many plants are able to exploit phosphate from beyond this root nutrient depletion zone through symbiotic association with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF). Here we characterise the relationship between root architecture, AMF association and low phosphate tolerance in strawberries. The contrasting root architecture in the parental strawberry cultivars ‘Redgauntlet’ and ‘Hapil’ was studied through a mapping population of 168 progeny. Low phosphate tolerance and AMF association was quantified for each genotype to allow assessment of the phenotypic and genotypic relationships between traits. Results: A “phosphate scavenging” root phenotype where individuals exhibit a high proportion of surface lateral roots was associated with a reduction in root system size across genotypes. A genetic correlation between “root system size” traits was observed with a network of pleiotropic QTL were found to represent five “root system size” traits. By contrast, average root diameter and the distribution of roots appeared to be under two discrete methods of genetic control. A total of 18 QTL were associated with plant traits, 4 of which were associated with solidity that explained 46 % of the observed variation. Investigations into the relationship between AMF association and root architecture found that a higher root density was associated with greater AMF colonisation across genotypes. However, no phenotypic correlation or genotypic association was found between low phosphate tolerance and the propensity for AMF association, nor root architectural traits when plants are grown under optimal nutrient conditions.Conclusions: Understanding the genetic relationships underpinning phosphate capture can inform the breeding of strawberry varieties with better nutrient use efficiency. Solid root systems were associated with greater AMF colonisation. However, low P-tolerance was not phenotypically or genotypically associated with root architecture traits in strawberry plants. Furthermore, a trade-off was observed between root system size and root architecture type, highlighting the energetic costs associated with a “phosphate scavenging” root architecture.

Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and a root endophyte on the biomass and root morphology of selected strawberry cultivars under salt conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 997-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant Sinclair ◽  
Christiane Charest ◽  
Yolande Dalpé ◽  
Shahrokh Khanizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Root Endophyte ◽  
Fungal Symbiosis ◽  
Tolerance To Salinity ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars

Sinclair, G., Charest, C., Dalpé, Y. and Khanizadeh, S. 2013. Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and a root endophyte on the biomass and root morphology of selected strawberry cultivars under salt conditions. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 997–999. The influence of four arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (Glomus arenarium, G. caledonium, G. irregulare, and G. mosseae) and a root endophyte species (Piriformospora indica – Sebacinales) was investigated on four “day-neutral” strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa Duch.) cultivars (Albion, Charlotte, Mara des Bois, and Seascape) for their tolerance to salt stress. Fungal symbiosis tended to benefit strawberry plants in their tolerance to salinity, confirming the potential use of mycorrhizal biotechnology in horticulture in arid areas.

Biology and ecology of mycoparasitism

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1284-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Jeffries
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Fungal Ecology ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Nutrient Source ◽  
Fungicolous Fungi ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
The Relationship

The term mycoparasitism applies strictly to those relationships in which one living fungus acts as a nutrient source for another, but fungicolous relationships may also be included in which nutrient exchange has not been shown. Fungicolous fungi have a constant but indeterminate association with another fungus, and it can be difficult to demonstrate a true parasitic relationship. Mycoparasitic relationships can be necrotrophic or biotrophic, and can be classified on the basis of the host–parasite interface as contact necrotrophs, invasive necrotrophs, haustorial biotrophs, intracellular biotrophs, or fusion biotrophs depending on the intimacy of the relationship. In natural ecosystems, it is proposed that mycoparasitic relationships play an important role in the development of fungal communities. Two specific examples have been chosen to illustrate the general principles of mycoparasitism: the necrotrophic invasion of spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the biotrophic invasion of mucoralean hosts by haustorial mycoparasites. Key words: mycoparasitism, fungicolous fungi, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, fungal ecology.

scholarly journals Genetic and phenotypic associations between root architecture, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonisation and low phosphate tolerance in strawberry (Fragaria× ananassa)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Maria Cockerton ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Eleftheria Stavridou ◽  
Abigail Johnson ◽  
Amanda Karlström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root System ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
System Size ◽  
Nutrient Depletion ◽  
Depletion Zone ◽  
Root System Size ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Phosphate is an essential plant macronutrient required to achieve maximum crop yield. Roots are able to uptake soil phosphate from the immediate root area, thus creating a nutrient depletion zone. Many plants are able to exploit phosphate from beyond this root nutrient depletion zone through symbiotic association with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF). Here we characterise the relationship between root architecture, AMF association and low phosphate tolerance in strawberries. The contrasting root architecture in the parental strawberry cultivars ‘Redgauntlet’ and ‘Hapil’ was studied through a mapping population of 168 progeny. Low phosphate tolerance and AMF association was quantified for each genotype to allow assessment of the phenotypic and genotypic relationships between traits. Results A “phosphate scavenging” root phenotype where individuals exhibit a high proportion of surface lateral roots was associated with a reduction in root system size across genotypes. A genetic correlation between “root system size” traits was observed with a network of pleiotropic QTL were found to represent five “root system size” traits. By contrast, average root diameter and the distribution of roots appeared to be under two discrete methods of genetic control. A total of 18 QTL were associated with plant traits, 4 of which were associated with solidity that explained 46 % of the observed variation. Investigations into the relationship between AMF association and root architecture found that a higher root density was associated with greater AMF colonisation across genotypes. However, no phenotypic correlation or genotypic association was found between low phosphate tolerance and the propensity for AMF association, nor root architectural traits when plants are grown under optimal nutrient conditions. Conclusions Understanding the genetic relationships underpinning phosphate capture can inform the breeding of strawberry varieties with better nutrient use efficiency. Solid root systems were associated with greater AMF colonisation. However, low P-tolerance was not phenotypically or genotypically associated with root architecture traits in strawberry plants. Furthermore, a trade-off was observed between root system size and root architecture type, highlighting the energetic costs associated with a “phosphate scavenging” root architecture.

scholarly journals Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Their Synergistic Interactions to Counteract the Negative Effects of Saline Soil on Agriculture: Key Macromolecules and Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1491
Author(s):  
Alka Sagar ◽  
Parikshita Rathore ◽  
Pramod W. Ramteke ◽  
Wusirika Ramakrishna ◽  
Munagala S. Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Acc Deaminase ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Soil saltiness is a noteworthy issue as it results in loss of profitability and development of agrarian harvests and decline in soil health. Microorganisms associated with plants contribute to their growth promotion and salinity tolerance by employing a multitude of macromolecules and pathways. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have an immediate impact on improving profitability based on higher crop yield. Some PGPR produce 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic (ACC) deaminase (EC 4.1.99.4), which controls ethylene production by diverting ACC into α-ketobutyrate and ammonia. ACC deaminase enhances germination rate and growth parameters of root and shoot in different harvests with and without salt stress. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) show a symbiotic relationship with plants, which helps in efficient uptake of mineral nutrients and water by the plants and also provide protection to the plants against pathogens and various abiotic stresses. The dual inoculation of PGPR and AMF enhances nutrient uptake and productivity of several crops compared to a single inoculation in both normal and stressed environments. Positively interacting PGPR + AMF combination is an efficient and cost-effective recipe for improving plant tolerance against salinity stress, which can be an extremely useful approach for sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals The growth response of pokem (Setaria italica L.) inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) from tailings area

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 2873-2880
Author(s):  
S Suharno ◽  
Retno Peni Sancayaningsih ◽  
Endang Sutariningsih Soetarto ◽  
Rina Sri Kasiamdari
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Setaria Italica ◽  
Phosphorus Absorption ◽  
Randomized Design

The purpose of this research was to study the growth response of pokem (Setaria italica), which was inoculated by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) from the tailings area. The method used in this research was a completely randomized design of factorial pattern. The factors consisted of AMF types (M)(M0: non-mycorrhizal, M1: Claroideoglomus etunicatum BGR, M2: C. lamellosum B1107S, M3: C. etunicatum L3101D), and inoculum density (I) (I: 5 g, II: 10 g per pot of planting media) with 8 replicates. The source of inoculum C. lamellosum B1107S and C. etunicatum L3101D originated from tailings in the gold mining area of Timika. The results showed that inoculation of C. etunicatum L3101D could increase the plant growth better than C. etunicatum BGR and C. lamellosum B1107S. Significant growth occurred on the parameters of the height of the plants, leaf area, dry weight and fresh weight of the plants, relative growth rate, and phosphorus absorption by the plants. The amount of nitrogen tended to decrease with AMF treatment, but it was not significant, whereas K has insiginificantly increased. The propagule density treatment increased plant growth on all parameters. The best growth occurred if the type C. etunicatum L3101D was inoculated with 10 g of propagule per planting media.

scholarly journals Physiological responses of mycorrhizal symbiosis to drought stress in white clover

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 12209
Author(s):  
Sheng-Min LIANG ◽  
Dao-Ju JIANG ◽  
Miao-Miao XIE ◽  
Ying-Ning ZOU ◽  
Qiang-Sheng WU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants

The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Funneliformis mosseae and Paraglomus occultum, on leaf water status, root morphology, root sugar accumulation, root abscisic acid (ABA) levels, root malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and root antioxidant enzyme activities in white clover (Trifolium repens L.) exposed to well-watered (WW) and drought stress (DS) conditions. The results showed that root colonization by F. mosseae and P. occultum was significantly decreased by 7-week soil drought treatment. Under drought stress conditions, mycorrhizal fungal treatment considerably stimulated root total length, surface area and volume, as compared with non-mycorrhizal controls. In addition, inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi also increased leaf relative water content and accelerated the accumulation of root glucose and fructose under drought stress. Mycorrhizal plants under drought stress registered higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) and ABA levels in roots, while lower MDA contents, relative to non-mycorrhizal plants. As a result, mycorrhiza-inoculated plants represented better physiological activities (e.g. antioxidant defense systems, root morphology, and sugar accumulation) than non-inoculated plants in response to soil drought, whilst P. occultum had superior effects than F. mosseae.

Genetic and phenotypic associations between root architecture, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonisation and low phosphate tolerance instrawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Maria Cockerton ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Eleftheria Stavridou ◽  
Abigail Johnson ◽  
Amanda Karlström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root System ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
System Size ◽  
Nutrient Depletion ◽  
Depletion Zone ◽  
Root System Size ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract BackgroundPhosphate is an essential plant macronutrient required to achieve maximum crop yield. Roots are able to uptake soil phosphate from the immediate root area, thus creating a nutrient depletion zone. Many plants are able to exploit phosphate from beyond this root nutrient depletion zone through symbiotic association with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF). Here we characterise the relationship between root architecture, AMF association and low phosphate tolerance in strawberries. The contrasting root architecture in the parental strawberry cultivars ‘Redgauntlet’ and ‘Hapil’ was studied through a mapping population of 168 progeny. Low phosphate tolerance and AMF association was quantified for each genotype to allow assessment of the phenotypic and genotypic relationships between traits.ResultsA “phosphate scavenging” root phenotype where individuals exhibit a high proportion of surface lateral roots was associated with a reduction in root system size across genotypes. A genetic correlation between “root system size” traits was observed with a network of pleiotropic QTL were found to represent five “root system size” traits. By contrast, average root diameter and the distribution of roots appeared to be under two discrete methods of genetic control. A total of 45 QTL were associated with plant traits, eight of which were associated with root depth that explained 68 % of the observed variation. Investigations into the relationship between AMF association and root architecture found that a higher root density was associated with greater AMF colonisation across genotypes. However, no phenotypic correlation or genotypic association was found between low phosphate tolerance and the propensity for AMF association, nor root architectural traits when plants are grown under optimal nutrient conditions.ConclusionsUnderstanding the genetic relationships underpinning phosphate capture can inform the breeding of strawberry varieties with better nutrient use efficiency. Solid root systems were associated with greater AMF colonisation. However, low P-tolerance was not phenotypically or genotypically associated with root architecture traits in strawberry plants. Furthermore, a trade-off was observed between root system size and root architecture type, highlighting the energetic costs associated with a “phosphate scavenging” root architecture.

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