scholarly journals Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in Unilateral Peripheral Cone Dysfunction Syndrome: A Case Report

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Hasegawa ◽  
Soichi Tetsuka ◽  
Aya Yamaguchi ◽  
Chieko Kobashi ◽  
Tomomi Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Amacrine Cells ◽  
Photoreceptor Cells ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Horizontal Cells ◽  
Cone Photoreceptor ◽  
Visual Field Testing ◽  
Cone Dysfunction ◽  
The Right

Abstract Introduction: To report a case of unilateral peripheral cone dysfunction syndrome and evaluate the associated clinicopathological changes using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Case Presentation: A 39-year-old Japanese woman reported a visual field defect of 2-years duration in the right eye. The patient underwent visual field testing, full-field electroretinography (ff-ERG), SS-OCT, and a routine ophthalmologic examination. The best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 bilaterally. The funduscopy examination was normal bilaterally. Visual field testing showed a relative paracentral scotoma in the right eye. SS-OCT scans showed an unclear interdigitation zone (IZ) throughout the posterior pole except for the foveal zone in the right eye. SS-OCT macular analysis showed thinning of the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner plexiform layer (IPL) corresponding to the region of the IZ defect. ff-ERG showed almost normal flash ERGs and normal rod responses bilaterally. The cone response and flicker ERG response were decreased markedly only in the right eye. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of unilateral peripheral cone dysfunction syndrome in which SS-OCT showed pathological changes in the GCL and IPL. The OCT findings corresponded well to the ERG changes and visual field abnormality. Because foveolar cone photoreceptor cells are connected in a one-to-one correspondence to retinal ganglion cells without connection to the horizontal cells or amacrine cells, the GCL and IPL were not present in the fovea. Based on this analysis, we speculated that the primary lesion of peripheral cone dysfunction syndrome is not in the cone photoreceptor cells but in the horizontal cells and/or amacrine cells. The clinicopathological changes in the ganglion cells and cone photoreceptor cells might be the subsequent pathologies in the horizontal cells in peripheral cone dysfunction syndrome.

scholarly journals Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in Unilateral Peripheral Cone Dysfunction Syndrome: A Case Report

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Hasegawa ◽  
Soichi Tetsuka ◽  
Aya Yamaguchi ◽  
Chieko Kobashi ◽  
Tomomi Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Amacrine Cells ◽  
Photoreceptor Cells ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Horizontal Cells ◽  
Cone Photoreceptor ◽  
Visual Field Testing ◽  
Cone Dysfunction ◽  
The Right

Abstract Introduction: To report a case of unilateral peripheral cone dysfunction syndrome and evaluate the associated clinicopathological changes using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Case Presentation: A 39-year-old Japanese woman reported a visual field defect of 2-years duration in the right eye. The patient underwent visual field testing, full-field electroretinography (ff-ERG), SS-OCT, and a routine ophthalmologic examination. The best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 bilaterally. The funduscopy examination was normal bilaterally. Visual field testing showed a relative paracentral scotoma in the right eye. SS-OCT scans showed an unclear interdigitation zone (IZ) throughout the posterior pole except for the foveal zone in the right eye. SS-OCT macular analysis showed thinning of the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner plexiform layer (IPL) corresponding to the region of the IZ defect. ff-ERG showed almost normal flash ERGs and normal rod responses bilaterally. The cone response and flicker ERG response were decreased markedly only in the right eye. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of unilateral peripheral cone dysfunction syndrome in which SS-OCT showed pathological changes in the GCL and IPL. The OCT findings corresponded well to the ERG changes and visual field abnormality. Because foveolar cone photoreceptor cells are connected in a one-to-one correspondence to retinal ganglion cells without connection to the horizontal cells or amacrine cells, the GCL and IPL were not present in the fovea. Based on this analysis, we speculated that the primary lesion of peripheral cone dysfunction syndrome is not in the cone photoreceptor cells but in the horizontal cells and/or amacrine cells. The clinicopathological changes in the ganglion cells and cone photoreceptor cells might be the subsequent pathologies in the horizontal cells in peripheral cone dysfunction syndrome.

scholarly journals Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in Unilateral Peripheral Cone Dysfunction Syndrome: A Case Report

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Hasegawa ◽  
Soichi Tetsuka ◽  
Aya Yamaguchi ◽  
Chieko Kobashi ◽  
Tomomi Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Amacrine Cells ◽  
Photoreceptor Cells ◽  
Horizontal Cells ◽  
Cone Dystrophy ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cone Photoreceptor ◽  
Cone Dysfunction ◽  
The Right

Abstract Introduction: To report a case of unilateral peripheral cone dysfunction syndrome and evaluate associated clinicopathological changes using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Case Presentation: A 39-year-old Japanese woman reported a visual field defect of 2-years duration in the right eye. The patient underwent visual field testing, full-field electroretinography (ff-ERG), SS-OCT, and a routine ophthalmologic examination. The best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 bilaterally. The funduscopy examination was normal bilaterally. Visual field testing showed a relative paracentral scotoma in the right eye. SS-OCT scans showed an unclear interdigitation zone (IZ) throughout the posterior pole except for the foveal zone in the right eye. SS-OCT macular analysis showed thinning of the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner plexiform layer (IPL) corresponding to the region of the IZ defect. ff-ERG showed almost normal flash ERGs and normal rod responses bilaterally. The cone response and flicker ERG were decreased markedly only in the right eye. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of unilateral peripheral cone dysfunction syndrome in which SS-OCT showed pathological changes in the GCL and IPL. The OCT findings corresponded well to the ERG changes and visual field abnormality. Because foveal cone photoreceptor cells are connected in a one-to-one correspondence to retinal ganglion cells without connection to the horizontal cells or amacrine cells, the GCL and IPL were not present in the fovea. Based on this analysis, we speculated that the primary lesion of peripheral cone dysfunction syndrome is not in the cone photoreceptor cells but in the horizontal cells and/or amacrine cells. The clinicopathological changes in the ganglion cells and cone photoreceptor cells might be the subsequent pathologies in the horizontal cells in peripheral cone dysfunction syndrome. Keywords: Cone dystrophy; Ganglion cell complex; Swept-source optical coherence tomography; Peripheral cone dysfunction syndrome; Peripheral cone dystrophy.

Calretinin in the cat retina: Colocalizations with other calcium-binding proteins, GABA and glycine

1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis J. Goebel ◽  
Roberta G. Pourcho
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Amacrine Cells ◽  
Photoreceptor Cells ◽  
Calcium Binding Proteins ◽  
Horizontal Cells ◽  
Cone Photoreceptors ◽  
Cat Retina ◽  
Double Label

AbstractImmunocytochemical techniques were used to determine the distribution of the calcium-binding protein calretinin in the cat retina. Comparisons were made with parvalbumin and calbindin as well as with the inhibitory neurotransmitters GABA and glycine. Calretinin immunoreactivity was seen in horizontal cells and multiple subpopulations of amacrine and ganglion cells. Cone outer segments were also stained. Calbindin immunoreactivity was present in cone photoreceptors, horizontal cells, at least two subtypes of cone bipolar cell, numerous amacrine cells, and cells residing in the ganglion cell layer. Heavy staining for parvalbumin was found in both A- and B-type horizontal cells, distinct subpopulations of amacrine and ganglion cells, and a small population of cone photoreceptor cells. To confirm the identity of cone photoreceptors, comparisons were made with retinas stained for opsins specific for red/green or blue cones (Szé1 et al., 1986). The localization of parvalbumin corresponded with that of blue-type cones only whereas calretinin and calbindin staining showed the same distribution as both red/green and blue cones. Double-label immunofluorescence studies revealed colocalization of all three of the calcium-binding proteins in a number of neurons including horizontal cells and AII amacrine cells. To assess a possible transmitter-specific relationship for calretinin, double-label studies were carried out with GABA and glycine. However, the staining patterns for each of these inhibitory amino acids differed substantially from that of calretinin. The possibility remains that calretinin and other calcium-binding proteins may play a role in neurotransmission through interactions with receptors or second-messenger agents.

Objective Visual Field Testing

JAMA ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 186 (8) ◽  
pp. 767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Copenhaver
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Visual Field Testing

The retinal ganglion cell distribution and the representation of the visual field in area 17 of the owl monkey, Aotus trivirgatus

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 887-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. L. Silveira ◽  
V. H. Perry ◽  
E. S. Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Amacrine Cells ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Cell Distribution ◽  
Area 17 ◽  
Displaced Amacrine Cells

AbstractThe distribution of ganglion cells and displaced amacrine cells was determined in whole-mounted Aotus retinae. In contrast to diurnal simians, Aotus has only a rudimentary fovea. Ganglion cell density decreases towards the periphery at approximately the same rate along all meridians, but is 1.2–1.8 times higher in the nasal periphery when compared to temporal region at the same eccentricities. The total number of ganglion cells varied from 421,500 to 508,700. Ganglion cell density peaked at 15,000/mm2 at 0.25 mm dorsal to the fovea. The displaced amacrine cells have a shallow density gradient, their peak density in the central region is about 1500–2000/mm2 and their total number varied from 315,900 to 482,800. Comparison between ganglion cell density and areal cortical magnification factor for the primary visual cortex, area 17, shows that there is not a simple proportional representation of the ganglion cell distribution. There is an overrepresentation of the central 10 deg of the visual field in the visual cortex. The present results for Aotus and the results of a similar analysis of data from other primates indicate that the overrepresentation of the central visual field is a general feature of the visual system of primates.

Swivel Arm Perimeter for Visual Field Testing in Different Body Positions

1993 ◽  
Vol 206 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Flammer ◽  
Philip Hendrickson ◽  
Andrea Lietz ◽  
Daniela Stümpfig
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Visual Field Testing

Alterations in NMDA receptor expression during retinal degeneration in the RCS rat

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 781-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
TATIANA GRÜNDER ◽  
KONRAD KOHLER ◽  
ELKE GUENTHER
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Amacrine Cells ◽  
Photoreceptor Cells ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Rcs Rat ◽  
Rcs Rats

To determine how a progressive loss of photoreceptor cells and the concomitant loss of glutamatergic input to second-order neurons can affect inner-retinal signaling, glutamate receptor expression was analyzed in the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rat, an animal model of retinitis pigmentosa. Immunohistochemistry was performed on retinal sections of RCS rats and congenic controls between postnatal (P) day 3 and the aged adult (up to P350) using specific antibodies against N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subunits. All NMDA subunits (NR1, NR2A–2D) were expressed in control and dystrophic retinas at all ages, and distinct patterns of labeling were found in horizontal cells, subpopulations of amacrine cells and ganglion cells, as well as in the outer and inner plexiform layer (IPL). NR1 immunoreactivity in the inner plexiform layer of adult control retinas was concentrated in two distinct bands, indicating a synaptic localization of NMDA receptors in the OFF and ON signal pathways. In the RCS retina, these bands of NR1 immunoreactivity in the IPL were much weaker in animals older than P40. In parallel, NR2B immunoreactivity in the outer plexiform layer (OPL) of RCS rats was always reduced compared to controls and vanished between P40 and P120. The most striking alteration observed in the degenerating retina, however, was a strong expression of NR1 immunoreactivity in Müller cell processes in the inner retina which was not observed in control animals and which was present prior to any visible sign of photoreceptor degeneration. The results suggest functional changes in glutamatergic receptor signaling in the dystrophic retina and a possible involvement of Müller cells in early processes of this disease.

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