Construct Validity of Simulation Model for Training the Ultrasound-Guided Nerve Block and Catheter Placement

Background: Continuous ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block is a widely practiced technique that can be a challenge for young anesthesiologists. We developed a new simulation model for learning perineural catheter placement. This study aims to test the validity of the model and investigate the learning process of residents on this model. Methods: The simulation model was constructed with partial animal tissue and physical materials. Ultrasound-guided simulation of perineural catheter placement was then performed. Twenty-eight anesthesiologists representing novices, intermediates and experts were required to perform 30 trials within one single day. Practice trials were video-recorded to extract data of task time and performance errors. Construct validity were assessed. Results: Practicing on the simulation model, experts were able to achieve superior task performance, i.e., shorter task time (P < 0.001) and fewer performance errors (P < 0.001), than intermediates and novices. Learning curve recorded from young residents suggested that they were not able to reach the proficiency level as experts within one training day. Conclusions: This hybrid simulation model was capable of training the skills required for continuous ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block. Future studies under this model need to concern extending the duration of the training phase for residents.