scholarly journals Mitochondrial Genome Recombination in Somatic Hybrids of Solanum Commersonii and S. Tuberosum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang-Soo Cho ◽  
Hyun-Oh Lee ◽  
Sang-Choon Lee ◽  
Hyun-Jin Park ◽  
Jin-Hee Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Hybrid ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
45S Rdna ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Solanum Commersonii ◽  
Hybrid Form ◽  
Plastid Genomes ◽  
Conserved Genes

Abstract Interspecific somatic hybridization has been performed in potato breeding experiments to increase plant resistance against biotic and abiotic stress conditions. We analyzed the mitochondrial and plastid genomes and 45S nuclear ribosomal DNA (45S rDNA) for the cultivated potato (S. tuberosum, St), wild potato (S. commersonii, Sc), and their somatic hybrid (StSc). Complex genome components and structure, such as the hybrid form of 45S rDNA in StSc, unique plastome in Sc, and recombinant mitogenome were identified. However, the mitogenome exhibited dynamic multipartite structures in both species as well as in the somatic hybrid. In St, the mitogenome is 756,058 bp and is composed of five subgenomes ranging from 297,014 to 49,171 bp in St. In Sc, it is 552,103 bp long and is composed of two sub-genomes of 338,427 and 213,676 bp length. StSc has 447,645 bp long mitogenome with two subgenomes of length 398,439 and 49,206 bp. The mitogenome structure exhibited dynamic recombination mediated by tandem repeats; however, it contained highly conserved genes in the three species. Among the 35 protein-coding genes of the StSc mitogenome, 21 were identical for all the three species, and 12 and 2 were unique in Sc and St, respectively. The recombinant mitogenome might be derived from homologous recombination between both species during somatic hybrid development.

Fertility of somatic hybrids Solanum commersonii (2x, 1EBN) (+) S. tuberosum haploid (2x, 2EBN) in intra- and inter-EBN crosses

Genome ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 776-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Carputo ◽  
P Garreffa ◽  
M Mazzei ◽  
L Monti ◽  
T Cardi
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Hybrid ◽  
Potato Breeding ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Solanum Commersonii ◽  
Viable Seeds

Solanum commersonii (+) S. tuberosum hybrids with different endosperm balance numbers (EBN) and ploidy were used in various crossing schemes with 4EBN S. tuberosum cultivars and a 3EBN somatic hybrid to test their behavior in intra- and inter-EBN crosses and to derive a BC1 population for potato breeding. The somatic hybrids included 12 tetraploids (2n = 48, 3EBN), 18 hypotetraploids (2n = 43-47, 3EBN), 2 hexaploids (2n = 72, 4 or 5EBN), and 5 hypohexaploids (2n = 63-70, 4 or 5EBN). The results confirmed that in the potato, EBN is more important than actual ploidy in determining the success or failure of crosses. Indeed, crosses between some hypohexaploid hybrids and S. tuberosum cultivars gave the highest number of viable seeds per berry, and seed viability was similar to that of intra-EBN crosses between varieties. Inter-EBN crosses demonstrated that exceptions to the 2:1 maternal-paternal EBN ratio in the hybrid endosperm can sometimes be tolerated. However, an excess in maternal EBN dosage was better tolerated than an excess in paternal EBN.Key words: EBN, ploidy, potato, Solanum commersonii, somatic hybrids.

scholarly journals Caipira sweet orange + Rangpur lime: a somatic hybrid with potential for use as rootstock in the Brazilian citrus industry

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Januzzi Mendes-da-Glória ◽  
Francisco de Assis Alves Mourão Filho ◽  
Luis Eduardo Aranha Camargo ◽  
Beatriz Madalena Januzzi Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Hybrid ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Rapd Profile ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Regenerated Plants

Protoplast culture following polyethylene glycol-induced fusion resulted in the regeneration of somatic hybrid plants between Caipira sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) and Rangpur lime (C. limonia L. Osbeck). The plants were confirmed as somatic hybrids by leaf morphology, chromosome number and RAPD profile. All regenerated plants were tetraploid (2n = 4x = 36), with intermediate leaf morphology and complementary RAPD banding profile of both parents. This combination may be useful as a rootstock for the citrus industry in Southeastern Brazil since this somatic hybrid could combine the drought tolerance and vigor of Rangpur lime with the blight tolerance of Caipira sweet orange.

scholarly journals Temporal patterns of diversification in Brassicaceae demonstrate decoupling of rate shifts and mesopolyploidization events

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Chen Huang ◽  
Dmitry A German ◽  
Marcus A Koch
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Glacial Cycles ◽  
Genome Size Variation ◽  
Crown Group ◽  
Plastid Genomes

Abstract Background and Aims Whole-genome duplication (WGD) events are considered important driving forces of diversification. At least 11 out of 52 Brassicaceae tribes had independent mesopolyploid WGDs followed by diploidization processes. However, the association between mesopolyploidy and subsequent diversification is equivocal. Herein we show the results from a family-wide diversification analysis on Brassicaceae, and elaborate on the hypothesis that polyploidization per se is a fundamental driver in Brassicaceae evolution. Methods We established a time-calibrated chronogram based on whole plastid genomes comprising representative Brassicaceae taxa and published data spanning the entire Rosidae clade. This allowed us to set multiple calibration points and anchored various Brassicaceae taxa for subsequent downstream analyses. All major splits among Brassicaceae lineages were used in BEAST analyses of 48 individually analysed tribes comprising 2101 taxa in total using the internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Diversification patterns were investigated on these tribe-wide chronograms using BAMM and were compared with family-wide data on genome size variation and species richness. Key Results Brassicaceae diverged 29.9 million years ago (Mya) during the Oligocene, and the majority of tribes started diversification in the Miocene with an average crown group age of about 12.5 Mya. This matches the cooling phase right after the Mid Miocene climatic optimum. Significant rate shifts were detected in 12 out of 52 tribes during the Mio- and Pliocene, decoupled from preceding mesopolyploid WGDs. Among the various factors analysed, the combined effect of tribal crown group age and net diversification rate (speciation minus extinction) is likely to explain sufficiently species richness across Brassicaceae tribes. Conclusions The onset of the evolutionary splits among tribes took place under cooler and drier conditions. Pleistocene glacial cycles may have contributed to the maintenance of high diversification rates. Rate shifts are not consistently associated with mesopolyploid WGD. We propose, therefore, that WGDs in general serve as a constant ‘pump’ for continuous and high species diversification.

Production of somatic hybrids between frost-tolerant Solanum commersonii and S. tuberosum: characterization of hybrid plants

1993 ◽  
Vol 87 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Cardi ◽  
E D'Ambrosio ◽  
D. Consoli ◽  
K. J. Puite ◽  
K. S. Ramulu
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Solanum Commersonii ◽  
Hybrid Plants

Fertility of somatic hybrids Solanum commersonii (2x, 1EBN) (+) S. tuberosum haploid (2x, 2EBN) in intra- and inter-EBN crosses

Genome ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 776-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Carputo ◽  
P. Garreffa ◽  
M. Mazzei ◽  
L. Monti ◽  
T. Cardi
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Solanum Commersonii

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of a copalyl diphosphate synthase gene promoter from Salvia miltiorrhiza

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Szymczyk ◽  
Ewa Skała ◽  
Renata Grąbkowska ◽  
Agnieszka Jeleń ◽  
Marta Żebrowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Promoter Activity ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Protein Encoding ◽  
Copalyl Diphosphate Synthase

<p>The promoter, 5' UTR, and 34-nt 5' fragments of protein encoding region of the <em>Salvia miltiorrhiza</em> copalyl diphosphate synthase gene were cloned and characterized. No tandem repeats, miRNA binding sites, or CpNpG islands were observed in the promoter, 5' UTR, or protein encoding fragments. The entire isolated promoter and 5' UTR is 2235 bp long and contains repetitions of many <em>cis</em>-active elements, recognized by homologous transcription factors, found in <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> and other plant species. A pyrimidine-rich fragment with only 6 non-pyrimidine bases was localized in the 33-nt stretch from nt 2185 to 2217 in the 5' UTR. The observed <em>cis</em>-active sequences are potential binding sites for <em>trans</em>-factors that could regulate spatio-temporal <em>CPS</em> gene expression in response to biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Obtained results are initially verified by in silico and co-expression studies based on <em>A. thaliana</em> microarray data.</p><p>The quantitative RT-PCR analysis confirmed that the entire 2269-bp copalyl diphosphate synthase gene fragment has the promoter activity.</p><p>Quantitative RT-PCR analysis was used to study changes in <em>CPS</em> promoter activity occurring in response to the application of four selected biotic and abiotic regulatory factors; auxin, gibberellin, salicylic acid, and high-salt concentration.</p>

scholarly journals Production of Tetraploid Somatic Hybrid Breeding Parents for Use in Lemon Cultivar Improvement

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 445-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Tusa ◽  
J.W. Grosser ◽  
F.G. Gmitter ◽  
E.S. Louzada
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Hybrid ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Seedling Leaf ◽  
Cell Chromosome

Allotetraploid somatic hybrid plants of `Hamlin' sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) + `Femminello' lemon (C. limon L. Burm. f.), and Milam lemon (purported hybrid of C. jambhiri Lush) + `Femminello' lemon were regenerated via somatic embryogenesis following protoplast fusion. `Hamlin' and Milam protoplasts were isolated from undeveloped ovule-derived embryogenic callus cultures and fused using a polyethylene glycol method with seedling leaf-derived protoplasts of `Femminello' lemon. Somatic hybrids were identified on the basis of leaf morphology, root-tip cell chromosome number, and electrophoretic analyses of phosphoglucose isomerase, phosphoglucose mutase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase leaf isozymes. The somatic hybrids will be used in interploid crosses with lemon in an effort to generate seedless triploid lemon types with improved tolerance to mal secco disease.

scholarly journals 361 IN VITRO CITRUS BREEDING FOR SCION IMPROVEMENT

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 482f-482
Author(s):  
Francisco A. A. Mourão Fo ◽  
Jude W. Grosser ◽  
Frederick G. Gmitter
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Hybrid ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Embryogenic Cell ◽  
Citrus Breeding ◽  
Hybrid Plants

Protoplast culture following polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced fusion resulted in the regeneration of somatic hybrid plants from the following combinations: `Succari' sweet orange (C. sinensis L. Osbeck) + `Ponkan' mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco), `Succari' sweet orange + `Dancy' mandarin (C. reticulata), `Succari' sweet orange + `Page' tangelo [a sexual hybrid between `Minneola' tangelo (C. reticulata × C. paradisi Mcf.) × `Clementine' mandarin (C. reticulata)], `Valencia' sweet orange (C. sinensis) + `Page' tangelo. `Succari' and `Valencia' protoplasts were isolated -from ovule-derived embryogenic cell suspension cultures and from seedling leaves for the other parents. Somatic hybrid plants were Identified on the basis of leaf morphology and electrophoretic analysis of isozyme banding patterns. Root tip cell chromosome counting is being performed on all plants. Other putative somatic hybrids Include: `Succari' sweet orange + `Minneola' tangelo; `Succari' sweet orange + `Murcott' tangos (C. sinensis × C. reticulata); `Valencia' sweet orange + `Murcott' tangor; and `Valencia' sweet orange + `Dancy' mandarin. These plants may have direct cultivar potential, but there primary use will be for interploid hybridization with selected monoembryonic scions to produce improved seedless triploids.

scholarly journals Production of Somatic Hybrid and Autotetraploid Breeding Parents for Seedless Citrus Development

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1125-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jude W. Grosser ◽  
Frederick G. Gmitter ◽  
E.S. Louzada ◽  
J.L. Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Hybrid ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Sexual Hybrid ◽  
Seedling Leaf ◽  
Cell Chromosome

Allotetraploid somatic hybrid plants of `Nova' tangelo [a sexual hybrid of `Clementine mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco) × `Orlando' tangelo (C. reticulata × C. paradisi Macf.)] + `Succari' sweet orange (C. sinensis L. Osbeck), and `Hamlin' sweet orange (C. sinensis L. Osbeck) + `Dancy' tangerine (C. reticulata) were regenerated following protoplast fusion. `Nova' and `Hamlin' protoplasts were isolated from ovule-derived embryogenic callus and suspension cultures, respectively, and fused using a polyethylene glycol method with seedling leaf-derived protoplasts of `Succari' and `Dancy', respectively. Plants were regenerated via somatic embryogenesis, and somatic hybrids were identified on the basis of leaf morphology, root-tip cell chromosome number, and electrophoretic analysis of peroxidase and phosphoglucose mutase isozyme banding patterns. Diploid plants were regenerated from unfused protoplasts of `Hamlin', `Nova', and `Succari'. Tetraploid plants of `Hamlin' and `Succari' were also recovered, apparently resulting from homokaryotic fusions. No `Dancy' plants were recovered. The somatic hybrid and autotetraploid plants can be used for interploid hybridization with selected monoembryonic scions to generate improved seedless triploid tangor/tangelo cultivars. The lack of suitable tetraploid breeding parents has previously inhibited the development of quality seedless cultivars by this method.

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