Fertility of somatic hybrids Solanum commersonii (2x, 1EBN) (+) S. tuberosum haploid (2x, 2EBN) in intra- and inter-EBN crosses

Genome ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 776-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Carputo ◽  
P Garreffa ◽  
M Mazzei ◽  
L Monti ◽  
T Cardi
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Hybrid ◽  
Potato Breeding ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Solanum Commersonii ◽  
Viable Seeds

Solanum commersonii (+) S. tuberosum hybrids with different endosperm balance numbers (EBN) and ploidy were used in various crossing schemes with 4EBN S. tuberosum cultivars and a 3EBN somatic hybrid to test their behavior in intra- and inter-EBN crosses and to derive a BC1 population for potato breeding. The somatic hybrids included 12 tetraploids (2n = 48, 3EBN), 18 hypotetraploids (2n = 43-47, 3EBN), 2 hexaploids (2n = 72, 4 or 5EBN), and 5 hypohexaploids (2n = 63-70, 4 or 5EBN). The results confirmed that in the potato, EBN is more important than actual ploidy in determining the success or failure of crosses. Indeed, crosses between some hypohexaploid hybrids and S. tuberosum cultivars gave the highest number of viable seeds per berry, and seed viability was similar to that of intra-EBN crosses between varieties. Inter-EBN crosses demonstrated that exceptions to the 2:1 maternal-paternal EBN ratio in the hybrid endosperm can sometimes be tolerated. However, an excess in maternal EBN dosage was better tolerated than an excess in paternal EBN.Key words: EBN, ploidy, potato, Solanum commersonii, somatic hybrids.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Genome Recombination in Somatic Hybrids of Solanum Commersonii and S. Tuberosum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang-Soo Cho ◽  
Hyun-Oh Lee ◽  
Sang-Choon Lee ◽  
Hyun-Jin Park ◽  
Jin-Hee Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Hybrid ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
45S Rdna ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Solanum Commersonii ◽  
Hybrid Form ◽  
Plastid Genomes ◽  
Conserved Genes

Abstract Interspecific somatic hybridization has been performed in potato breeding experiments to increase plant resistance against biotic and abiotic stress conditions. We analyzed the mitochondrial and plastid genomes and 45S nuclear ribosomal DNA (45S rDNA) for the cultivated potato (S. tuberosum, St), wild potato (S. commersonii, Sc), and their somatic hybrid (StSc). Complex genome components and structure, such as the hybrid form of 45S rDNA in StSc, unique plastome in Sc, and recombinant mitogenome were identified. However, the mitogenome exhibited dynamic multipartite structures in both species as well as in the somatic hybrid. In St, the mitogenome is 756,058 bp and is composed of five subgenomes ranging from 297,014 to 49,171 bp in St. In Sc, it is 552,103 bp long and is composed of two sub-genomes of 338,427 and 213,676 bp length. StSc has 447,645 bp long mitogenome with two subgenomes of length 398,439 and 49,206 bp. The mitogenome structure exhibited dynamic recombination mediated by tandem repeats; however, it contained highly conserved genes in the three species. Among the 35 protein-coding genes of the StSc mitogenome, 21 were identical for all the three species, and 12 and 2 were unique in Sc and St, respectively. The recombinant mitogenome might be derived from homologous recombination between both species during somatic hybrid development.

scholarly journals Effect of desiccation temperature on viability of immature dandelion (Taraxacum agg.) seeds dried in mowed inflorescences

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 580-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Martinková ◽  
A. Honěk
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Seed Maturation ◽  
Ripe Seed ◽  
Viable Seeds

After flowering has ceased, dandelion (Taraxacum agg.) capitula close to enable maturation of seeds. In late summer the period of seed maturation lasts for 9 days. The capitula mowed later than 4 days after the start of this period and desiccated at 25°C produce viable seeds. If cut and prostrated on insolated ground inflorescences can experience temperatures exceeding 50°C which may impair seed viability. We determined the effect of desiccation temperature (5, 15, 25, 35, 45 or 55°C) on viability of ripening seeds using inflorescences harvested on September 5, 2008 at Prague-Ruzyne (50°05'N, 14°18'09 E), five days after flowering ceased (about 4 days before seed dispersal). As control, ripe seeds were collected at dispersal on the same day and desiccated at identical temperatures. Desiccated seeds were germinated at constant 17°C. Ripening seeds of maturing capitula only remained germinable if desiccation temperatures were ≤ 35°C (optimum 25°C) and were killed at 45 and 55°C. The viability of ripe seed was not affected by any of the desiccation temperatures. Time of germination of 50% seeds that germinated was significantly shorter in ripe than ripening seeds. Exposure of mowed dandelion inflorescences on insolated ground (solarization) may thus decrease production of viable seeds because of high temperatures experienced during desiccation.  

scholarly journals Caipira sweet orange + Rangpur lime: a somatic hybrid with potential for use as rootstock in the Brazilian citrus industry

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Januzzi Mendes-da-Glória ◽  
Francisco de Assis Alves Mourão Filho ◽  
Luis Eduardo Aranha Camargo ◽  
Beatriz Madalena Januzzi Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Hybrid ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Rapd Profile ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Regenerated Plants

Protoplast culture following polyethylene glycol-induced fusion resulted in the regeneration of somatic hybrid plants between Caipira sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) and Rangpur lime (C. limonia L. Osbeck). The plants were confirmed as somatic hybrids by leaf morphology, chromosome number and RAPD profile. All regenerated plants were tetraploid (2n = 4x = 36), with intermediate leaf morphology and complementary RAPD banding profile of both parents. This combination may be useful as a rootstock for the citrus industry in Southeastern Brazil since this somatic hybrid could combine the drought tolerance and vigor of Rangpur lime with the blight tolerance of Caipira sweet orange.

Production of somatic hybrids between frost-tolerant Solanum commersonii and S. tuberosum: characterization of hybrid plants

1993 ◽  
Vol 87 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Cardi ◽  
E D'Ambrosio ◽  
D. Consoli ◽  
K. J. Puite ◽  
K. S. Ramulu
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Solanum Commersonii ◽  
Hybrid Plants

Quantitative reduction of triphenyl tetrazolium chloride as a measure of viability in cereal seeds

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (58) ◽  
pp. 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Harty ◽  
LG Paleg ◽  
D Aspinall
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Dehydrogenase Enzyme ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Extracting Solvent

The reduction of 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) to a coloured formazan derivative by dehydrogenase enzyme systems in viable seeds has been examined. TTC reduction occurs in dry but not wetmilled tissue and the coloured product could be extracted by any of several organic solvents. This formazan product was estimated spectrophotometrically at 480 nm. The influence of fineness of grinding the tissue, TTC concentration, period of treatment, sample size, vacuum infiltration of the milled tissue with TTC and of extracting solvent were examined and a standard procedure is suggested. Using this procedure, a close correlation between seed viability and TTC reduction was demonstrated. The advantages of this method over the widely used topographical method for estimating seed viability with TTC are discussed.

Fertility of somatic hybrids Solanum commersonii (2x, 1EBN) (+) S. tuberosum haploid (2x, 2EBN) in intra- and inter-EBN crosses

Genome ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 776-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Carputo ◽  
P. Garreffa ◽  
M. Mazzei ◽  
L. Monti ◽  
T. Cardi
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Solanum Commersonii

scholarly journals Electrical impedance spectroscopy in relation to seed viability and moisture content in snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Repo ◽  
D.H. Paine ◽  
A.G. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Impedance Spectrum ◽  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Viable Seeds

A method, electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), is introduced to study seed viability non-destructively. Snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seeds were studied by EIS to determine the most sensitive EIS parameter(s) and the optimal range of moisture content (MC) for separation of viable and non-viable seeds. Hydrated seeds exhibited two impedance arcs in the complex plane at the frequency range from 60 Hz to 8 MHz, and impedance spectra of viable and non-viable seeds differed. The hydrated seeds were best-modelled by an equivalent electrical circuit with two distributed circuit elements in series with a resistor (Voigt model). Moisture content and seed viability had strong effects on the EIS parameters. The most sensitive EIS parameters for detecting the differences between viable and non-viable seeds were the capacitance log(C2), the resistance R2, the resistance ratio R2/R1 and the apex ratio, which all represent specific features of the impedance spectrum. The highest differentiation in the EIS parameters between the viable and non-viable seeds occurred in partially imbibed seeds between MC of 40 and 45% (fresh weight basis).

scholarly journals Production of Tetraploid Somatic Hybrid Breeding Parents for Use in Lemon Cultivar Improvement

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 445-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Tusa ◽  
J.W. Grosser ◽  
F.G. Gmitter ◽  
E.S. Louzada
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Hybrid ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Seedling Leaf ◽  
Cell Chromosome

Allotetraploid somatic hybrid plants of `Hamlin' sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) + `Femminello' lemon (C. limon L. Burm. f.), and Milam lemon (purported hybrid of C. jambhiri Lush) + `Femminello' lemon were regenerated via somatic embryogenesis following protoplast fusion. `Hamlin' and Milam protoplasts were isolated from undeveloped ovule-derived embryogenic callus cultures and fused using a polyethylene glycol method with seedling leaf-derived protoplasts of `Femminello' lemon. Somatic hybrids were identified on the basis of leaf morphology, root-tip cell chromosome number, and electrophoretic analyses of phosphoglucose isomerase, phosphoglucose mutase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase leaf isozymes. The somatic hybrids will be used in interploid crosses with lemon in an effort to generate seedless triploid lemon types with improved tolerance to mal secco disease.

scholarly journals 361 IN VITRO CITRUS BREEDING FOR SCION IMPROVEMENT

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 482f-482
Author(s):  
Francisco A. A. Mourão Fo ◽  
Jude W. Grosser ◽  
Frederick G. Gmitter
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Hybrid ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Embryogenic Cell ◽  
Citrus Breeding ◽  
Hybrid Plants

Protoplast culture following polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced fusion resulted in the regeneration of somatic hybrid plants from the following combinations: `Succari' sweet orange (C. sinensis L. Osbeck) + `Ponkan' mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco), `Succari' sweet orange + `Dancy' mandarin (C. reticulata), `Succari' sweet orange + `Page' tangelo [a sexual hybrid between `Minneola' tangelo (C. reticulata × C. paradisi Mcf.) × `Clementine' mandarin (C. reticulata)], `Valencia' sweet orange (C. sinensis) + `Page' tangelo. `Succari' and `Valencia' protoplasts were isolated -from ovule-derived embryogenic cell suspension cultures and from seedling leaves for the other parents. Somatic hybrid plants were Identified on the basis of leaf morphology and electrophoretic analysis of isozyme banding patterns. Root tip cell chromosome counting is being performed on all plants. Other putative somatic hybrids Include: `Succari' sweet orange + `Minneola' tangelo; `Succari' sweet orange + `Murcott' tangos (C. sinensis × C. reticulata); `Valencia' sweet orange + `Murcott' tangor; and `Valencia' sweet orange + `Dancy' mandarin. These plants may have direct cultivar potential, but there primary use will be for interploid hybridization with selected monoembryonic scions to produce improved seedless triploids.

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