scholarly journals The Sensitivity of a Honeybee Colony to Worker Mortality Depends on Season and Resource Availability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie J Lemanski ◽  
Siddhant Bansal ◽  
Nina H Fefferman
Keyword(s):  
Resource Availability ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Extrinsic Mortality ◽  
Tenfold Increase ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Honeybee Colony ◽  
Senescence Rate ◽  
Evolution Of Aging ◽  
Age Independent

Abstract Background: Honeybees have extraordinary phenotypic plasticity in their senescence rate, making them a fascinating model system for the evolution of aging. Seasonal variation in senescence and extrinsic mortality results in a tenfold increase in worker life expectancy in winter as compared to summer. To understand the evolution of this remarkable pattern of aging, we must understand how individual longevity scales up to effects on the entire colony. We develop a matrix model of colony demographics to ask how worker age-dependent and age-independent mortality affect colony fitness and how these effects differ by seasonal conditions.Results: We find that there are seasonal differences in honeybee colony sensitivity to both senescent and extrinsic worker mortality. Colonies are most sensitive to extrinsic (age-independent) nurse and forager mortality during periods of higher extrinsic mortality and resource availability but most sensitive to age-dependent mortality during periods of lower extrinsic mortality and lower resource availability.Conclusions: These results suggest that seasonal changes in the strength of selection on worker senescence partly explain the observed pattern of seasonal differences in worker aging in honey bees. More broadly, these results extend our understanding of the role of extrinsic mortality in the evolution of senescence to social animals.

scholarly journals The sensitivity of a honeybee colony to worker mortality depends on season and resource availability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie J Lemanski ◽  
Siddhant Bansal ◽  
Nina H Fefferman
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Social Insect ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Extrinsic Mortality ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Honeybee Colony ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
Age Independent

Abstract Background: Honeybees have extraordinary phenotypic plasticity in their senescence rate, making them a fascinating model system for the evolution of aging. Seasonal variation in senescence and extrinsic mortality results in a tenfold increase in worker life expectancy in winter as compared to summer. To understand the evolution of this remarkable pattern of aging, we must understand how individual longevity scales up to effects on the entire colony. In addition, threats to the health of honey bees and other social insects are typically measured at the individual level. To predict the effects of environmental change on social insect populations, we must understand how individual effects impact colony performance. We develop a matrix model of colony demographics to ask how worker age-dependent and age-independent mortality affect colony fitness and how these effects differ by seasonal conditions. Results: We find that there are seasonal differences in honeybee colony elasticity to both senescent and extrinsic worker mortality. Colonies are most elastic to extrinsic (age-independent) nurse and forager mortality during periods of higher extrinsic mortality and resource availability but most elastic to age-dependent mortality during periods of lower extrinsic mortality and lower resource availability.Conclusions: These results suggest that seasonal changes in the strength of selection on worker senescence partly explain the observed pattern of seasonal differences in worker aging in honey bees. More broadly, these results extend our understanding of the role of extrinsic mortality in the evolution of senescence to social animals and improve our ability to model the effects of environmental change on social insect populations of economic or conservation concern.

scholarly journals The sensitivity of a honeybee colony to worker mortality depends on season and resource availability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie J Lemanski ◽  
Siddhant Bansal ◽  
Nina H Fefferman
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Social Insect ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Extrinsic Mortality ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Honeybee Colony ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
Age Independent

Abstract Background: Honeybees have extraordinary phenotypic plasticity in their senescence rate, making them a fascinating model system for the evolution of aging. Seasonal variation in senescence and extrinsic mortality results in a tenfold increase in worker life expectancy in winter as compared to summer. To understand the evolution of this remarkable pattern of aging, we must understand how individual longevity scales up to effects on the entire colony. In addition, threats to the health of honey bees and other social insects are typically measured at the individual level. To predict the effects of environmental change on social insect populations, we must understand how individual effects impact colony performance. We develop a matrix model of colony demographics to ask how worker age-dependent and age-independent mortality affect colony fitness and how these effects differ by seasonal conditions. Results: We find that there are seasonal differences in honeybee colony elasticity to both senescent and extrinsic worker mortality. Colonies are most elastic to extrinsic (age-independent) nurse and forager mortality during periods of higher extrinsic mortality and resource availability but most elastic to age-dependent mortality during periods of lower extrinsic mortality and lower resource availability.Conclusions: These results suggest that seasonal changes in the strength of selection on worker senescence partly explain the observed pattern of seasonal differences in worker aging in honey bees. More broadly, these results extend our understanding of the role of extrinsic mortality in the evolution of senescence to social animals and improve our ability to model the effects of environmental change on social insect populations of economic or conservation concern.

scholarly journals The sensitivity of a honeybee colony to worker mortality depends on season and resource availability

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie J. Lemanski ◽  
Siddhant Bansal ◽  
Nina H. Fefferman
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Social Insect ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Extrinsic Mortality ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Honeybee Colony ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
Age Independent

Abstract Background Honeybees have extraordinary phenotypic plasticity in their senescence rate, making them a fascinating model system for the evolution of aging. Seasonal variation in senescence and extrinsic mortality results in a tenfold increase in worker life expectancy in winter as compared to summer. To understand the evolution of this remarkable pattern of aging, we must understand how individual longevity scales up to effects on the entire colony. In addition, threats to the health of honey bees and other social insects are typically measured at the individual level. To predict the effects of environmental change on social insect populations, we must understand how individual effects impact colony performance. We develop a matrix model of colony demographics to ask how worker age-dependent and age-independent mortality affect colony fitness and how these effects differ by seasonal conditions. Results We find that there are seasonal differences in honeybee colony elasticity to both senescent and extrinsic worker mortality. Colonies are most elastic to extrinsic (age-independent) nurse and forager mortality during periods of higher extrinsic mortality and resource availability but most elastic to age-dependent mortality during periods of lower extrinsic mortality and lower resource availability. Conclusions These results suggest that seasonal changes in the strength of selection on worker senescence partly explain the observed pattern of seasonal differences in worker aging in honey bees. More broadly, these results extend our understanding of the role of extrinsic mortality in the evolution of senescence to social animals and improve our ability to model the effects of environmental change on social insect populations of economic or conservation concern.

scholarly journals Chloroplast Hsp70 Isoform Is Required for Age-Dependent Tissue Preference of Bamboo mosaic virus in Mature Nicotiana benthamiana Leaves

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 631-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wen Huang ◽  
Chung Chi Hu ◽  
Ching Hsiu Tsai ◽  
Na Sheng Lin ◽  
Yau Heiu Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Transit Peptide ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Efficient Replication ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Lines Of Evidence ◽  
Suitable Environment

Plant viruses may exhibit age-dependent tissue preference in their hosts but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we provide several lines of evidence to reveal the determining role of a protein of the Nicotiana benthamiana chloroplast Hsp70 (NbcpHsp70) family, NbcpHsp70-2, involved in the preference of Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) to infect older tissues. NbcpHsp70 family proteins were identified in complexes pulled down with BaMV replicase as the bait. Among the isoforms of NbcpHsp70, only the specific silencing of NbcpHsp70-2 resulted in the significant decrease of BaMV RNA in N. benthamiana protopalsts, indicating that NbcpHsp70-2 is involved in the efficient replication of BaMV RNA. We further identified the age-dependent import regulation signal contained in the transit peptide of NbcpHsp70-2. Deletion, overexpression, and substitution experiments revealed that the signal in the transit peptide of NbcpHsp70-2 is crucial for both the import of NbcpHsp70-2 into older chloroplasts and the preference of BaMV for infecting older leaves of N. benthamiana. Together, these data demonstrated that BaMV may exploit a cellular age-dependent transportation mechanism to target a suitable environment for viral replication.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF PARENTAL AGE EFFECTS ON THE EVOLUTION OF AGING

Evolution ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 927-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas K. Priest ◽  
Benjamin Mackowiak ◽  
Daniel E. L. Promislow
Keyword(s):  
Age Effects ◽  
Parental Age ◽  
Evolution Of Aging

Stochastic models in cell kinetics

1988 ◽  
Vol 25 (A) ◽  
pp. 91-111
Author(s):  
Peter J. Brockwell
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Stochastic Models ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Cell Kinetics ◽  
Branching Processes ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Renewal Theory ◽  
Biological Cell ◽  
Age Dependent

We discuss the role of stochastic processes in modelling the life-cycle of a biological cell and the growth of cell populations. Results for multiphase age-dependent branching processes have proved invaluable for the interpretation of many of the basic experimental studies of the life-cycle. Moreover problems from cell kinetics, in particular those related to diurnal rhythm in cell-growth, have stimulated research into ‘periodic' renewal theory, and the asymptotic behaviour of populations of cells with periodic death rate.

scholarly journals Agriculture and resource availability in a changing world: The role of irrigation

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timm Sauer ◽  
Petr Havlík ◽  
Uwe A. Schneider ◽  
Erwin Schmid ◽  
Georg Kindermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Availability ◽  
Changing World
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