scholarly journals Optical Coherence Tomography Biomarkers of Photoreceptor Degeneration in Retinitis Pigmentosa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuting Gong ◽  
Honghe Xia ◽  
anlin zhang ◽  
LiJia Chen ◽  
Haoyu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Retinitis Pigmentosa ◽  
Outer Nuclear Layer ◽  
Peripheral Retina ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Optical Intensity ◽  
Horizontal Meridian ◽  
Photoreceptor Degeneration ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Interdigitation Zone

Abstract Purpose: Several parameters on optical coherence tomography (OCT) have been suggested as biomarkers for photoreceptor degeneration in retinitis pigmentosa (RP). This study is to investigate which OCT parameters can serve as the earliest biomarkers in RP.Methods: OCT line scans of the horizontal meridian were conducted in 22 eyes of 22 RP patients and 30 eyes of 30 healthy controls. Longitudinal reflectance profiles were obtained using ImageJ at every 5 pixels. The following parameters on OCT were quantitatively measured: 1) relative optical intensity (ROI) of ellipsoid zone (EZ) and interdigitation zone (IZ); 2) thickness of outer nuclear layer (ONLT), photoreceptor (PRT), inner segment (IST) and outer segment (OST). The variations of these parameters across different regions were analyzed. Results: From fovea to peripheral retina, all the OCT biomarkers declined before disappeared, except IST and IZ-ROI. There was no identifiable declining zone for the IST and IZ-ROI between the normal and disappeared zones. The earliest biomarker was the shortening of OST and reduced IZ-ROI, followed by the shortening of PRT, EZ-ROI, then IST, and finally, ONLT. All these biomarkers had significant correlations with best-corrected visual acuity, except ONLT.Conclusion: In retinitis pigmentosa, EZ-ROI, IZ-ROI, PRT, OST, IST and ONLT are valuable biomarkers of photoreceptor degeneration. OST and IZ-ROI may serve as the earliest biomarkers.

scholarly journals Optical Coherence Tomography of Animal Models of Retinitis Pigmentosa: From Animal Studies to Clinical Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuru Nakazawa ◽  
Aiko Hara ◽  
Sei-ichi Ishiguro
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Retinitis Pigmentosa ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Outer Nuclear Layer ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Photoreceptor Degeneration ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Sd Oct

Purpose. The aim of this study was to understand the relationship between the findings of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) of previously reported animal models of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) associated with known genetic mutations and their background structural and functional changes. Methods. We reviewed previous publications reporting the SD-OCT findings of animal models of RP and summarized the characteristic findings of SD-OCT in nine different animal models (RCS–/–, RHO P23H, RHO S334ter, RHO–/–, Rpe65–/–, rp12, Pde6β–/– (rd1 and rd10), and Arr1–/–) of human RP. Results. Despite the various abnormal structural changes found in these different animal models, progressive thinning of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) and hyperreflective change in the inner and outer segment (IS-OS) layers of the photoreceptors were commonly observed on SD-OCT. In the rapidly progressive severe photoreceptor degeneration seen in rd10 and Arr1–/– mice, the ONL appeared hyperreflective. Electroretinography revealed various degrees of disease severity in these animal models. Discussion and Conclusion: SD-OCT is sensitive enough to detect even mild changes in the photoreceptor OS. Conversely, SD-OCT cannot qualitatively differentiate the pathologic and functional differences in the photoreceptors associated with different genetic abnormalities, with the exception of the rapid progression of severe forms of photoreceptor degeneration. These findings can be of value to understand better the clinical findings and the heterogeneous degenerative processes in patients with RP.

Large choroidal excavation in retinitis pigmentosa: A case report

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. NP66-NP68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierluigi Iacono ◽  
Maurizio Battaglia Parodi ◽  
Mariacristina Parravano ◽  
Monica Varano
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Retinitis Pigmentosa ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Posterior Pole ◽  
Spectral Domain ◽  
Fundus Examination ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Best Corrected Visual Acuity

Purpose: To report the morphological and clinical features of a case of retinitis pigmentosa with large choroidal excavation. Methods: The patient underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination including best-corrected visual acuity assessment, anterior segment and dilated fundus examination and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Results: A 41-year-old woman affected by retinitis pigmentosa with genetic confirmation with mutation in RDH12 gene had a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/50 in both eyes. Dilated fundus examination revealed waxy pallor of the optic disc, diffuse narrowing of the retinal arterioles and a generalized retinal pigment epithelium mottling with bony spicule associated with diffuse retinal atrophy. At the posterior pole, an extended bilateral chorioretinal atrophy was evident with a partial sparing of the macular area. On spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, a bilateral large choroidal excavation could be clearly detected and it was associated with a diffuse retinal thinning at the posterior pole and a partial sparing of the fovea. Conclusion: Large choroidal excavation has been rarely reported. Although the pathogenetic mechanisms leading to the formation of large choroidal excavation are still a matter of debate, a combination of primary degenerative-inflammatory factors could be retained responsible for the large choroidal excavation development.

scholarly journals Determination of Length of Interdigitation Zone by Optical Coherence Tomography and Retinal Sensitivity by Microperimetry and Their Relationship to Progression of Retinitis Pigmentosa

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro Chiba ◽  
Gen Miura ◽  
Takayuki Baba ◽  
Shuichi Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Retinitis Pigmentosa ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Retinal Sensitivity ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Interdigitation Zone ◽  
Baseline Values

Purpose. To investigate the annual progression of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) by changes in retinal sensitivity and length of photoreceptor microstructures. Method. The medical records of patients with typical RP followed at Chiba University Hospital were reviewed. The retinal sensitivity was measured by Micro Perimeter-1, and the lengths of the intact external limiting membrane (ELM), ellipsoid zone (EZ), and interdigitation zone (IZ) were measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. The baseline values and annual progression rates were determined. The significance of the correlations among these factors was determined by generalized estimating equation regression analysis. Results. Forty-six eyes of 24 patients who were examined over a mean follow-up period of 3 years were studied. The annual changes in the retinal sensitivity (p = 0.0035) and the lengths of the EZ (p = 0.037) and IZ (p = 0.0033) were significantly correlated with their baseline values. The annual change in the retinal sensitivity was significantly correlated with the length of the EZ at the baseline (p = 0.020). Conclusions. The significant correlation between the annual progression of the retinal sensitivity and the baseline retinal sensitivity and lengths of the EZ and IZ in patients with RP indicate that the retinal sensitivity, the EZ, and the IZ can be useful parameters to predict the annual progression of RP.

Central perpendicular line in macular spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in five eyes

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. NP16-NP22
Author(s):  
María Carmen Guixeres Esteve ◽  
Laurence Postelmans
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Spectral Domain ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Perpendicular Line ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Amsler Grid ◽  
Interdigitation Zone ◽  
Best Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Grid Test

Purpose: The aim of this study is to report a rare spectral-domain optical coherence tomography finding in the macula. Methods: This is a descriptive consecutive case series. Patients diagnosed with hyperreflective central perpendicular line in the macular spectral-domain optical coherence tomography were included. Best-corrected visual acuity assessment, standard Amsler grid test, biomicroscopic examination and macular spectral-domain optical coherence tomography were performed. Results: We examined three men and one woman, aged 56 to 91 years (average age: 75.25 years). Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography showed a hyperreflective central perpendicular line in five eyes accompanied by vitreofoveal adhesion in all of them. In two eyes, we observed a lifting of the ellipsoid zone, and in one eye the external limiting membrane was also pulled. In one eye, a subtle lifting of the interdigitation zone was revealed. In another eye, we also found a triangular foveolar detachment of the interdigitation zone. Snellen’s best-corrected visual acuity ranged from 0.2 to −0.1 logMAR (average of 0.006 logMAR). Amsler grid test was unremarkable in four eyes and metamorphopsia was detected in one eye. One eye developed a full-thickness macular hole several weeks after the phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Conclusion: The presence of a central perpendicular line can be revealed by the macular spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. We hypothesize that this finding could be considered as a sign of vitreomacular traction. In our patients, best-corrected visual acuity was only mildly reduced, and Amsler grid test was affected in only one eye.

scholarly journals En face image-based classification of diabetic macular edema using swept source optical coherence tomography

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Fujiwara ◽  
Yuki Kanzaki ◽  
Shuhei Kimura ◽  
Mio Hosokawa ◽  
Yusuke Shiode ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Macular Edema ◽  
Diabetic Macular Edema ◽  
Outer Nuclear Layer ◽  
Subretinal Fluid ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Swept Source ◽  
En Face

AbstractThis retrospective study was performed to classify diabetic macular edema (DME) based on the localization and area of the fluid and to investigate the relationship of the classification with visual acuity (VA). The fluid was visualized using en face optical coherence tomography (OCT) images constructed using swept-source OCT. A total of 128 eyes with DME were included. The retina was segmented into: Segment 1, mainly comprising the inner nuclear layer and outer plexiform layer, including Henle’s fiber layer; and Segment 2, mainly comprising the outer nuclear layer. DME was classified as: foveal cystoid space at Segment 1 and no fluid at Segment 2 (n = 24), parafoveal cystoid space at Segment 1 and no fluid at Segment 2 (n = 25), parafoveal cystoid space at Segment 1 and diffuse fluid at Segment 2 (n = 16), diffuse fluid at both segments (n = 37), and diffuse fluid at both segments with subretinal fluid (n = 26). Eyes with diffuse fluid at Segment 2 showed significantly poorer VA, higher ellipsoid zone disruption rates, and greater central subfield thickness than did those without fluid at Segment 2 (P < 0.001 for all). These results indicate the importance of the localization and area of the fluid for VA in DME.

scholarly journals Accidental Corneal Intrastromal Intraocular Lens Implantation with the Wound-Assisted Technique and Clinical Course with Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography

2021 ◽  
pp. 283-287
Author(s):  
Jo Moriya ◽  
Shinichi Sakamoto ◽  
Satoru Inoda ◽  
Hidenori Takahashi ◽  
Hidetoshi Kawashima
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Intraocular Lens ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Corneal Stroma ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Intracameral Injection ◽  
Air Tamponade

Accidental intraocular lens (IOL) implantation into the corneal stroma is a rare clinical entity that can occur during the wound-assisted technique. In this report, we describe a case of an 81-year-old man who underwent cataract surgery in which the IOL was implanted into the corneal stroma with the wound-assisted technique, and we present changes in anterior segment optical coherence tomography. The IOL was removed and reinserted after widening the incision. Air tamponade was created by intracameral injection. An anterior chamber tap was performed 10 h later to reduce increased intraocular pressure. Interlayer separation of the corneal stroma was confirmed 30 min postoperatively but was corrected 4 days later. The patient’s best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was logMAR 0.30, and he had been diagnosed with age-related macular degeneration before surgery. Although the opacity of the corneal stroma persisted, BCVA improved to logMAR 0. When using the wound-assisted technique for IOL insertion, surgeons should take care not to implant the IOL into the corneal stroma.

scholarly journals Foveal Exudative Macroaneurysm Treated with Intravitreal Ranibizumab

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Menezes ◽  
Rui Carvalho ◽  
Carla Teixeira ◽  
José Alberto Lemos ◽  
Rita Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Macular Edema ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Intravitreal Ranibizumab ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Retinal Macroaneurysm ◽  
Best Corrected Visual Acuity

Purpose: We report a case of a foveal macroaneurysm with long-standing macular edema in a rare location, successfully treated with intravitreal ranibizumab. Methods: We report the case of a 52-year-old man with left eye long-term visual loss due to macular edema caused by a retinal macroaneurysm, localized about 400 μm from the center of the fovea, and its response to 6 monthly ranibizumab intravitreal injections. His best-corrected visual acuity and morphological data evaluated by optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography are presented. Results: His best-corrected visual acuity improved from 1/10 to 3/10 after the 3rd injection, and from 1/10 to 4/10 after the 6th one. The central retinal thickness was evaluated by optical coherence tomography and improved from 310 to 233 μm, with the resolution of both the associated serous detachments and the cystoid macular edema; an almost complete reabsorption of the hard exudates at the end of the treatment was also observed. The macroaneurysm lumen almost obliterated after the 3rd injection and completely collapsed at the end of treatment. Conclusions: Intravitreal ranibizumab may be effective in the treatment of long-standing macular edema associated with foveal macroaneurysms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a retinal macroaneurysm located so close to the foveal avascular zone.

scholarly journals Comparison of fundus fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography features of macular changes in Eales disease: a case series

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketaki Rajurkar ◽  
Meenakshi Thakar ◽  
Priyadarshi Gupta ◽  
Anju Rastogi
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Fluorescein Angiography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Cystoid Macular Oedema ◽  
Peripheral Retina ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Fundus Fluorescein Angiography ◽  
Indirect Ophthalmoscopy ◽  
Eales Disease

Abstract Purpose To study the macular features in Eales disease patients observed with fundus fluorescein angiography (FA), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods A cross-sectional study was done on treatment naïve 31 eyes (23 patients) with Eales disease. Baseline parameters such as Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit-lamp bio microscopy (SLB), indirect ophthalmoscopy, FA, spectral-domain OCT {quantitative (central macular thickness [CMT]) and qualitative analysis on SD-OCT} and OCTA were performed. Any media opacity precluding the above investigations was excluded. Results Macular findings comprised of- epiretinal membrane, macular exudation, full thickness macular hole, sub internal limiting membrane bleed, cystoid macular oedema, neurosensory detachment and retinal thickening. Sixteen (51.6%) of our patients had macular changes as seen on all modalities together. SLB and indirect ophthalmoscopy missed macular findings in 50% patients and FA in 18.8% patients. OCT and OCTA diagnosed all macular findings. On comparison of mean BCVA in patients with macular involvement on FA, OCT and OCTA, compared to those without macular involvement, patients with macular involvement had lower BCVA (p 0.000, 0.01 and 0.001 respectively). Thus, FA missed many patients who had significant macular involvement and hence less vision. Conclusion Eales disease though described in literature as classically being peripheral retina disease process, also has macular involvement. OCT and OCTA are useful guides to evaluation of macular involvement in these patients. The latter seems to be superior to FA in detecting macular abnormalities in this ailment. OCTA is non-invasive and shows deep capillary plexus changes which are not shown by any other modality.

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