Design of Smart Grid Test Bed Using OPNET and PLC

In this design unit, a design to test the performances of varying models was developed for the simulations in the PLC-base data link layer. The design includes a smart home and a Smart Grid environment where a comparison between Zigbee and WiMax-based models can be performed. The Smart Grid Test Bed has been designed using OPNET and Power Line Communication is proposed in this book. It is being designed to allow test bed experiments in four layers among OSI 7 layers. This chapter is organized as follows: The Physical Layer and Datalink Layer for Smart Grid Test Bed in Section 1; the Transport Layer for Smart Grid Test Bed in Section 2; and finally, Application Layer for Smart Grid Test Bed in Section.

Implementation of Smart Grid Test Bed Using OPNET and PLC

In this chapter, a design that allows testing of the performances of various models was developed with OPNET for the simulations in the PLC-base data link layer. As the model proposed earlier, the design includes a smart home and a Smart Grid environment where a comparison between Zigbee and WiMax-based models can be performed. The Smart Grid Test Bed has been implemented using OPNET and Power Line Communication is proposed in this book. It is being designed to allow Test Bed experiments in four layers among seven OSI layers. This chapter is organized as follows: the physical layer and datalink layer for Smart Grid Test Bed in Section 1; the transport layer for Smart Grid Test Bed in Section 2; and finally, application layer for Smart Grid Test Bed in Section 3.

Meningkatkan Konsentrasi Atlet Sepak Bola melalui Metode Latihan Life Kinetik

Konsentrasi merupakan salah satu aspek psikologis yang sangat diperlukan atlet, namun latihan psikologis masih jarang dilakukan dalam cabang olahraga sepak bola, sehingga sering kali atlet mengalami kesulitan terkait hal tersebut. Oleh sebab itu, dibutuhkan metode latihan psikologis yang tepat untuk membantu mengatasi masalah tersebut, salah satu metode latihan psikologis yang sedang ramai saat ini yaitu metode latihan life kinetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh yang signifikan metode latihan life kinetik terhadap peningkatan konsentrasi atlet sepak bola. Eksperimen selama 7 minggu dengan 13 sesi dilakukan dalam penelitian ini dengan desain penelitian pre and post training session. Atlet sepak bola Akademi Persib sebanyak 26 atlet putra dengan rata-rata usia latihan 5-6 tahun digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah Concentration Grid Test (CGT) untuk mengukur konsentrasi atlet sebelum dan setelah diberikan treatment. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode latihan life kinetik yang diberikan memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan, sedangkan metode latihan konvensional yang diberikan tidak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan konsentrasi atlet sepak bola Akademi Persib. Penelitian ini memberikan kesimpulan bahwa metode latihan life kinetik dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi atlet sepak bola. Penulis menyarakan kepada praktisi sepak bola, baik itu pelatih maupun atlet untuk menggunakan metode latihan ini dalam proses pelatihan yang dijalani.

The relationship of concentration and eye-hand coordination with accuracy of backhand backspin serve in table tennis

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between concentration and hand eye coordination with the accuracy of backhand backspin service. Quantitative approaches and correlational methods are used in this study. This research was conducted at PTM Gempas. The population in this study were all cadet athletes at PTM Gempas, while the sampling technique used was saturated sampling, which means that all athletes totaling 20 people were used as samples. Player concentration data is collected using a concentration grid test, hand eye coordination data is obtained by throwing a tennis ball test, and data for backhand backspin service accuracy is obtained by testing servicing. The results of this study are as follows: 1) Concentration has a strong enough relationship with the accuracy of backhand backspin service, 2) Hand eye coordination has a strong enough relationship with backhand backspin service accuracy. 3) Concentration and hand eye coordination together have a strong enough relationship with backhand backspin service accuracy. Table tennis coach should train the concentration and eye-hand coordination to improve the athlete's service accuracy.

Motor Coordination Disorders Evaluated through the Grid Test and Changes in the Nigral Nrf2 mRNA Expression in Rats with Pedunculopontine Lesion

Neurotoxic lesion of the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is known to cause subtle motor dysfunctions. However, motor coordination during advance on a discontinuous and elevated surface has not been studied. It is also not known whether there are changes in the mRNA expression of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) in nigral tissue. Methods: The effects of the unilateral neurotoxic lesion of the PPN in motor coordination evaluated through grid test and Nrf2 mRNA expression in nigral tissue were evaluated. Two experimental designs (ED) were organized: ED#1 behavioral study (7 and 30 days after PPN lesion) and ED#2 molecular biology study (24 h, 48 h and 7 days) after PPN lesion. Results: ED#1—The number of faults made with left limbs, were significant higher in the lesioned groups (p < 0.01) both 7 and 30 days post-lesion. The number of failures made by the right limbs, was also significantly higher (p < 0.05) vs. control groups. ED#2—Nrf2 mRNA expression showed an increase 24 h after PPN injury (p < 0.01), followed by a peak of expression 48 h post injury (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Disorders of motor coordination associated with PPN injury are bilateral. The increased Nrf2 mRNA expression could represent an adaptive response to oxidative stress in the nigral tissue following pontine injury.

Pengaruh Metode Latihan Imagery terhadap Kosentrasi dan Keterampilan Bermain Sepakbola

Penelitian ini membahas mengenai pengaruh pelatihan Imagery terhadap kosentrasi dan keterampilan bermain atlet sepak bola UKM PS UPI. Kemampuan kosentrasi dan keterampilan merupakan aspek penting pada setiap cabang olahraga yang wajib dimiliki oleh setiap atlet khususnya pada permainan sepak bola. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan Imagery terhadap kosentrasi dan keterampilan bermain sepakbola. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen. Populasi yang digunakan adalah atlet sepak bola UKM PS UPI berjumlah 86 atlet. Sampel yang di ambil di UKM PS UPI berjumlah 16 atlet dengan menggunakan teknik random sampling. Sampel diberikan latihan Imagery 16 kali pertemuan, seminggu 3 kali. Instrument penelitian ini menggunakan CGT (Concentration Grid Test) GPAI (Game Performance Assessment Instrument). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dari latihan Imagery terhadap kosentrasi dan keterampilan bermain sepak bola atlet UKM PS UPI Bandung dengan menunjukan hasil peningkatan yang signifikan. Penulis menyarankan bahwa latihan Imagery seharusnya dimasukan dalam sebuah program latihan, sehingga setiap sesi latihan para atlet diberikan Imagery untuk meningkatkan kosentrasi dan keterampilan bermain sepakbola.

Central perpendicular line in macular spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in five eyes

Purpose: The aim of this study is to report a rare spectral-domain optical coherence tomography finding in the macula. Methods: This is a descriptive consecutive case series. Patients diagnosed with hyperreflective central perpendicular line in the macular spectral-domain optical coherence tomography were included. Best-corrected visual acuity assessment, standard Amsler grid test, biomicroscopic examination and macular spectral-domain optical coherence tomography were performed. Results: We examined three men and one woman, aged 56 to 91 years (average age: 75.25 years). Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography showed a hyperreflective central perpendicular line in five eyes accompanied by vitreofoveal adhesion in all of them. In two eyes, we observed a lifting of the ellipsoid zone, and in one eye the external limiting membrane was also pulled. In one eye, a subtle lifting of the interdigitation zone was revealed. In another eye, we also found a triangular foveolar detachment of the interdigitation zone. Snellen’s best-corrected visual acuity ranged from 0.2 to −0.1 logMAR (average of 0.006 logMAR). Amsler grid test was unremarkable in four eyes and metamorphopsia was detected in one eye. One eye developed a full-thickness macular hole several weeks after the phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Conclusion: The presence of a central perpendicular line can be revealed by the macular spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. We hypothesize that this finding could be considered as a sign of vitreomacular traction. In our patients, best-corrected visual acuity was only mildly reduced, and Amsler grid test was affected in only one eye.