scholarly journals Peer influence and sexual debut : A mathematical approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adequate Mhlanga
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Peer Influence ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Relaxation Method ◽  
Early Sexual Debut ◽  
Spectral Relaxation Method ◽  
Spectral Relaxation ◽  
Pseudo Spectral

Abstract Objectives: Early sexual debut is one of the major causes of STIs and unwanted pregnancy. A deterministic mathematical model to attempt to understand the role of prostitution and peer influence on early sexual debut is developed and analyzed. Results: The thresholds known as the reproduction number and equilibria for the model are determined and stabilities analyzed. Analysis of the reproduction number suggests that prostitution and economic hardships enhance early sexual debut. Sensitivity analysis of the reproduction number is carried out and it suggests that a reduction in prostitution has the greatest impact in reducing the reproduction number. Using the multi-domain pseudo-spectral relaxation method (MD-SRM), numerical simulations are carried out. Numerical simulations suggest that prostitution and peer influence enhances early sexual debut.

scholarly journals Unsteady mixed convection flow through a permeable stretching flat surface with partial slip effects through MHD nanofluid using spectral relaxation method

Open Physics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 323-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami M. Ahamed ◽  
Sabyasachi Mondal ◽  
Precious Sibanda
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Flat Surface ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Relaxation Method ◽  
Skin Friction Coefficient ◽  
Partial Slip ◽  
Spectral Relaxation Method ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Spectral Relaxation

AbstractAn unsteady, laminar, mixed convective stagnation point nanofluid flow through a permeable stretching flat surface using internal heat source or sink and partial slip is investigated. The effects of thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameters are revised on the traditional model of nanofluid for which nanofluid particle volume fraction is passively controlled on the boundary. Spectral relaxation method is applied here to solve the non-dimensional conservation equations. The results show the illustration of the impact of skin friction coefficient, different physical parameters, and the heat transfer rate. The nanofluid motion is enhanced with increase in the value of the internal heat sink or source. On the other hand, the rate of heat transfer on the stretching sheet and the skin friction coefficient are reduced by an increase in internal heat generation. This study further shows that the velocity slip increases with decrease in the rate of heat transfer. The outcome results are benchmarked with previously published results.

On Spectral Relaxation Approach to Radiating Powell-Eyring Fluid Flow over a Stretching Disk with Newtonian Heating

2018 ◽  
Vol 387 ◽  
pp. 461-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Gangadhar ◽  
D. Vijaya Kumar ◽  
S. Mohammed Ibrahim ◽  
Oluwole Daniel Makinde
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Nonlinear Boundary ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Relaxation Method ◽  
Newtonian Heating ◽  
Nonlinear Boundary Value Problems ◽  
Local Skin ◽  
Boundary Layer Equations ◽  
Spectral Relaxation Method ◽  
Spectral Relaxation

In this study we use a new spectral relaxation method to investigate an axisymmetric law laminar boundary layer flow of a viscous incompressible non-Newtonian Eyring-Powell fluid and heat transfer over a heated disk with thermal radiation and Newtonian heating. The transformed boundary layer equations are solved numerically using the spectral relaxation method that has been proposed for the solution of nonlinear boundary layer equations. Numerical solutions are obtained for the local wall temperature, the local skin friction coefficient, as well as the velocity and temperature profiles. We show that the proposed technique is an efficient numerical algorithm with assured convergence that serves as an alternative to common numerical methods for solving nonlinear boundary value problems. We show that the convergence rate of the spectral relaxation method is significantly improved by using method in conjunction with the successive over-relaxation method. It is observed that CPU time is reduced in SOR method compare with SRM method.

scholarly journals Hydromagnetic Stagnation-Point Flow towards a Radially Stretching Convectively Heated Disk

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Shateyi ◽  
O. D. Makinde
Keyword(s):  
Stagnation Point ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Relaxation Method ◽  
Disk Surface ◽  
Stagnation Point Flow ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Local Skin ◽  
Spectral Relaxation Method ◽  
Spectral Relaxation

The steady stagnation-point flow and heat transfer of an electrically conducted incompressible viscous fluid are extended to the case where the disk surface is convectively heated and radially stretching. The fluid is subjected to an external uniform magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of the disk. The governing momentum and energy balance equations give rise to nonlinear boundary value problem. Using a spectral relaxation method with a Chebyshev spectral collocation method, the numerical solutions are obtained over the entire range of the physical parameters. Emphasis has been laid to study the effects of viscous dissipation and Joule heating on the thermal boundary layer. Pertinent results on the effects of various thermophysical parameters on the velocity and temperature fields as well as local skin friction and local Nusselt number are discussed in detail and shown graphically and/or in tabular form.

Effect of Viscous Dissipation on Upper - Convected Maxwell Fluid with Cattaneo-Christov Heat Flux Model Using Spectral Relaxation Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 388 ◽  
pp. 146-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Gangadhar ◽  
Chintalapudi Suresh Kumar ◽  
S. Mohammed Ibrahim ◽  
Giulio Lorenzini
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Relaxation Time ◽  
Thermal Relaxation ◽  
Relaxation Method ◽  
Maxwell Fluid ◽  
Spectral Relaxation Method ◽  
Flux Model ◽  
Spectral Relaxation ◽  
Heat Flux Model

The study observes the flow and heat transfer in upper-convected Maxwell fluid over a rapidly stretching surface with viscous dissipation. Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model has been used in the preparation of the energy equation. The model is used in guessing the impacts of thermal relaxation time over boundary layer. Similarity method has been used to keep normal the supervising boundary layer equations. Local similarity solutions have been obtained through spectral relaxation method. The fluid temperature has a relation with thermal relaxation time inversely and our calculations have shown the same.. In addition the fluid velocity is a receding activity of the fluid relaxation time. A comparative study of Fourier’s law and the Cattaneo-Christov’s law has been done and inserted in this.

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