scholarly journals Identification of the First C1 Subgenotype of Enterovirus 71 in Mainland of China in a Retrospective Study

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenfen SI ◽  
Dongyan WANG ◽  
Tianjiao JI ◽  
Yong ZHANG ◽  
Shuangli ZHU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Retrospective Studies ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Chinese Mainland ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Epidemic Strain ◽  
Afp Surveillance ◽  
The Mainland Of China

Abstract The C4 sub-genotype of Enterovirus 71(EV71) is identified as the most dominant sub-genotype circulating in Chinese mainland since 1998, while the circulation situation of EV71 before 1998 is not well established due to insufficient experimental data. The C1 sub-genotype of EV71 has not been reported in Chinese mainland by now. Based on AFP surveillance system of the mainland of China, this study performed a retrospective study of AFP cases for 1985-1999༚A strain of EV-A71 C1 sub-genotype was found. To our knowledge, this strain (SD92-41) is the first C1 sub-genotype reported in Chinese mainland. This study proves that the C1 gene subtype also appeared in Chinese mainland, but it is not clear whether it is an imported or a local epidemic strain. With sufficient information from retrospective studies, the source of the SD92-41 strain will be identified, and the prevalence of EV-A71 in Chinese mainland before 1998 will be clearer.

scholarly journals Identification of the First C1 Subgenotype of Enterovirus 71 in Mainland of China in a Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SI Fenfen ◽  
WANG Dongyan ◽  
JI Tianjiao ◽  
ZHANG Yong ◽  
YAN Dongmei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Retrospective Studies ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Chinese Mainland ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Epidemic Strain ◽  
Afp Surveillance ◽  
The Mainland Of China

Abstract The C4 subgenotype of EV71 is identified as the most dominant subgenotype circulating in Chinese mainland since 1998, while the circulation situation of EV71 before 1998 is not well established due to insufficient experimental data. The C1 subgenotype of EV71 has not been reported in Chinese mainland by now. Based on AFP surveillance system of the mainland of China, this study performed a retrospective study of AFP cases for 1985-1999：A strain of EV-A71 C1 subgenotype was found. To our knowledge, this strain (SD92-41) is the first C1 subgenotype reported in Chinese mainland. This study proves that the C1 gene subtype appeared in Chinese mainland, but it is not clear whether it is an imported or a local epidemic strain. With sufficient information from retrospective studies, the source of the SD92-41 strain will be identified, and the prevalence of EV-A71 in Chinese mainland before 1998 will be clearer.

The Hdden Children Survived by the Holocaust. Injury and Mourning. Retrospective Research

Diogenes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lazar Admadhov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Retrospective Studies ◽  
Holocaust Survivors ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Therapeutic Group ◽  
Half Century ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Jewish Children

“Hidden Jewish children”, Holocaust survivors. Traumatisms and mourning. Retrospective studies. This contribution concerning traumatism and the mourning of Jewish children, holocaust survivors hidden in France during WWII, is a retrospective study on the psychological consequences in a situation of genocide in childhood. In this article two different types of research, carried out in France, will be underlined. The first concerns a group of former hidden children who created an association, more than half-century after the end of the war, to establish a self-therapeutic group. The second research studies former hidden children who have remained isolated and generally have had difficulties in metabolizing their traumatic experiences.

scholarly journals A study on the genus Phaecasiophora Grote (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae) from the mainland of China, with descriptions of five new species

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-45
Author(s):  
Haili Yu ◽  
Houhun Li
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Chinese Mainland ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
The Chinese Mainland ◽  
The Mainland Of China ◽  
Three New Species

Fourteen species of Phaecasiophora Grote from the Chinese Mainland are treated, including five new species (P. supparallelica sp. n., P. levis sp. n., P. curvicosta sp. n., P. lushina sp. n., and P. similithaiensis sp. n.) and three new species records for China. Phaecasiophora leechi is transferred from subgenus Megasyca to subgenus Phaecasiophora, and a new synonym of it, viz. P. obligata Kawabe, is proposed. Photographs of the adults, genitalia of the new species, and the species with new synonyms are provided. A key to the species from the Chinese Mainland based on genitalia is given.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Active Mortality Surveillance System Data for Monitoring Hurricane-Related Deaths—Texas, 2008

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekta Choudhary ◽  
David F. Zane ◽  
Crystal Beasley ◽  
Russell Jones ◽  
Araceli Rey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
System Evaluation ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Hurricane Ike ◽  
Case Definitions ◽  
System Data ◽  
Mortality Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance System Evaluation

AbstractIntroductionThe Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) implemented an active mortality surveillance system to enumerate and characterize hurricane-related deaths during Hurricane Ike in 2008. This surveillance system used established guidelines and case definitions to categorize deaths as directly, indirectly, and possibly related to Hurricane Ike.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate Texas DSHS' active mortality surveillance system using US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) surveillance system evaluation guidelines.MethodsUsing CDC's Updated Guidelines for Surveillance System Evaluation, the active mortality surveillance system of the Texas DSHS was evaluated. Data from the active mortality surveillance system were compared with Texas vital statistics data for the same time period to estimate the completeness of reported disaster-related deaths.ResultsFrom September 8 through October 13, 2008, medical examiners (MEs) and Justices of the Peace (JPs) in 44 affected counties reported deaths daily by using a one-page, standardized mortality form. The active mortality surveillance system identified 74 hurricane-related deaths, whereas a review of vital statistics data revealed only four deaths that were hurricane-related. The average time of reporting a death by active mortality surveillance and vital statistics was 14 days and 16 days, respectively.ConclusionsTexas's active mortality surveillance system successfully identified hurricane-related deaths. Evaluation of the active mortality surveillance system suggested that it is necessary to collect detailed and representative mortality data during a hurricane because vital statistics do not capture sufficient information to identify whether deaths are hurricane-related. The results from this evaluation will help improve active mortality surveillance during hurricanes which, in turn, will enhance preparedness and response plans and identify public health interventions to reduce future hurricane-related mortality rates.Choudhary E, Zane DF, Beasley C, Jones R, Rey A, Noe RS, Martin C, Wolkin AF, Bayleyegn TM. Evaluation of active mortality surveillance system data for monitoring hurricane-related deaths, Texas, 2008. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012;27(4):1-6.

Analysis of Coupled CFD-DEM Simulations in Dense Particle-Laden Turbulent Jet Flow

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin Weaver ◽  
Sanja Miskovic
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Particle Flux ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
Jet Flow ◽  
Turbulent Jet ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Dense Particle ◽  
Dem Simulations ◽  
Mesh Resolution ◽  
Turbulent Jet Flow

Abstract In this paper, coupled CFD-DEM simulations of dense particle-laden jet flow are performed using CFDEM® coupling interface that couples LAMMPS-based LIGGGHTS® DEM engine with OpenFOAM CFD framework. Suspensions of mono-sized spherical glass particles with 80 microns diameter and a mass loading of 0.23 and 0.86 are considered. Three different CFD meshes are used with an average mesh resolution dimension of 3.06, 2.67, and 1.86 particle diameters and it is determined that mesh resolution does not change results for void fraction calculation (using the divided model) of the CFD-DEM equations. Samples of particle flux are taken at 0.1, 10, and 20 nozzle diameters along the axial direction of the jet region. The numerical results for particle flux are compared with a well cited experimental data found in literature. The CFD-DEM simulations in turbulent jet flow are found to be highly sensitive to initial particle velocity inputs but the experimental data provide sufficient information to produce comparable results.

An Average-Passage Empirical Closure Model for Centrifugal Compressors

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Limin Gao ◽  
Guang Xi ◽  
Shangjin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Equation System ◽  
Computational Grids ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Centrifugal Compressors

Applying the novel time- and passage-averaging operators, a reduced average-passage equation system is derived to remove the bodyforce and the blockage factor in Adamczyk’s average-passage equations. Like the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations the average-passage flow model does not contain sufficient information to determine its solution. Based on the rich throughflow analysis for axial-flow turbomachinery and numerous studies for centrifugal compressors, a semi-empirical model of the deterministic stress is developed for centrifugal compressors in the present study. Finally, the empirical model coupled with the interface approach is applied to predict the time-averaged flow field in a tested centrifugal compressor stage and the results are compared with experimental data. Using the same computational grids, the computational cost with the empirical model is slightly more than that with the mixing plane model, and a good agreement was obtained between the numerical results and experimental data.

A retrospective study of cardiac rhythm disorders

1998 ◽  
Vol 87 (02) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Van Wassenhoven
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Supraventricular Tachycardia ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Treatment Strategy ◽  
Cardiac Rhythm ◽  
Retrospective Studies ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia

AbstractRetrospective studies can be considered as the first step towards an evaluation and improvement of homoeopathic practice. Through these preliminary studies, criteria for future prospective studies can be chosen as well as suitable homoeopathic practitioners to conduct them. From this study, we can conclude that disorders of heart rhythm seem to be an excellent subject for research into the efficacy of homoeopathy. Especially for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, all patients were cured and able to discontinue their allopathic medication. In view of the fact that 50% of the patients included in this study stopped the use of allopathic drugs, one can conclude that homoeopathy certainly has a place in the treatment strategy of these diseases.

scholarly journals Surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in Lombardy, Northern Italy, from 1997 to 2011 in the context of the national AFP surveillance system

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Pellegrinelli ◽  
Valeria Primache ◽  
Lucia Fiore ◽  
Concetta Amato ◽  
Stefano Fiore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Acute Flaccid Paralysis ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Flaccid Paralysis ◽  
Afp Surveillance

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Acute Flacid Paralysis (AFP) Surveillance System in Bikita District Masvingo Province 2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kufakwanguzvarova W Pomerai ◽  
Robert F Mudyiradima ◽  
Mfuta Tshimanga ◽  
Mary Muchekeza
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Afp Surveillance

scholarly journals Acute Flaccid Paralysis surveillance in Polio Eradication and Beyond: Learning from Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humayra Binte Anwar ◽  
Yameen Mazumder ◽  
Sanjana Nujhat ◽  
Bushra Zarin Islam ◽  
Anna Kalbarczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Acute Flaccid Paralysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Polio Eradication ◽  
Flaccid Paralysis ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance ◽  
Afp Surveillance

Abstract IntroductionGlobal Polio Eradication Initiative, GPEI led by the World Health Organization (WHO), helped to develop standard acute flaccid paralysis surveillance (AFP) system worldwide, including Bangladesh, which comprises infrastructure, knowledge, expertise, funding, technical assistance, and trained personnel. AFP surveillance can complement any disease surveillance systems, and many countries are now utilizing these polio surveillance assets for monitoring other vaccine-preventable diseases. This paper outlines how AFP surveillance has evolved in Bangladesh over time, its success and challenging factors, and its potential to accomplish other health goals.MethodologyThis mixed-method study includes a grey literature review, a survey for quantitative and qualitative information on barriers and facilitators, and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) to gather relevant in-depth information on AFP surveillance in Bangladesh. Grey literature was collected online and paper documentation from different stakeholders. Online and in-person surveys were conducted in six divisions of Bangladesh, including Dhaka, Rajshahi, Rangpur, Chittagong, Sylhet, and Khulna, to map tacit knowledge ideas, approaches, and experiences. KIIs were conducted at global, national, and sub-national levels. Data were then combined on focused emerging themes, including history, challenges, and successes of the AFP surveillance system in Bangladesh.ResultsAFP surveillance in Bangladesh was first introduced in 1990 at the district and Upazila level major hospitals. High population growth, low performance, hard-to-reach areas, and groups of people residing in risky zones were major challenges to implementing this surveillance system. Surveillance was gradually enriched by establishing certification standards and community-based AFP surveillance and improved Surveillance Immunization Medical Officer (SIMO) network activities, laboratory activities, and proper monitoring and evaluation. In Bangladesh, a national disease surveillance system and a laboratory are now being used for multiple diseases, including polio, measles, Japanese Encephalitis, Neonatal Tetanus etc.ConclusionIn Bangladesh, it is evident that the AFP surveillance system is supporting the health system more broadly by building knowledge, experience, and assets and forming a strong platform for other health programs. In addition, its strengths can be leveraged for combating new and emerging diseases like COVID-19. However, the sustainability of the AFP surveillance in Bangladesh still needs collaborative support from partners, mainly technical assistance.

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