scholarly journals Kiwiberry (Actinidia Arguta) Hexaploid Plant Regeneration Through Culture of Endosperm Isolated From Fresh and Year-old Dry Seeds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohib Abdullah ◽  
Elwira Sliwinska ◽  
Grzegorz Góralski ◽  
Piotr Latocha ◽  
Monika Tuleja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Shoot Buds

Abstract Endosperm, an ephemeral and storage tissue, serves as a source of nutrition and protection during embryo development and germination. It can be used for the cultivation of polyploid plants in vitro. Here, a protocol of plant regeneration and acclimatization from the endosperm-derived calli of Actinidia arguta has been developed. Seeds excised from fresh fruit and dry seeds stored for one year served as the sources of endosperm explants of selected tetraploid cultivars of A. arguta. Callus Induction Medium (CIM; containing 0.25, 0.5, or 1 mg/l of TDZ) and Actinidia Endosperm Medium (AEM; containing 2 mg/l of 2,4-D and 5 mg/l of kinetin) were used to study the organogenic responses of the calli. On AEM, the source of explant did not significantly affect the rate of callus induction for any of the tested cultivars. Similarly, no organogenic events were observed. In contrast, on CIM both the source of explants and the cultivar origin caused significant differences in callus formation and subsequent organogenic events. Histological and ultrastructural analyses revealed the adventitious nature of shoot bud formation on these media. The most efficient elongation of shoot buds was achieved after transferring organogenic calli with adventitious shoot buds to a medium supplemented with zeatin or meta-topolin. Robust root induction with minimal basal callus formation occurred on the medium with indole-3-acetic acid. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the nuclear DNA content in the leaves of some regenerants (4.5 pg/2C) was approximately 50% higher than that in the tetraploid seedlings (3.1 pg). This finding confirmed that those regenerants originated from the endosperm. The regeneration of hexaploid plants was more efficient when endosperm from fresh seeds served as an explant; therefore, fresh rather than dry seeds are recommended for endosperm-derived plant production. The hexaploid plants of A. arguta can serve as an important source of breeding material.

scholarly journals Effect of medium composition, genotype and age of explant on the regeneration of hexaploid plants from endosperm culture of tetraploid kiwiberry (Actinidia arguta)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohib Abdullah ◽  
Elwira Sliwinska ◽  
Grzegorz Góralski ◽  
Piotr Latocha ◽  
Monika Tuleja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Callus Induction ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Shoot Buds ◽  
Actinidia Arguta

AbstractEndosperm, an ephemeral and storage tissue, serves as a source of nutrition and protection during embryo development and germination. It can be used for the cultivation of polyploid plants in vitro. Here, results of plant regeneration and acclimatization from the endosperm-derived calli of four cultivars of Actinidia arguta has been presented. Seeds excised from fresh fruit and dry seeds stored for one year served as the sources of endosperm explants of selected tetraploid cultivars of A. arguta. Callus Induction Medium (CIM; containing 0.25, 0.5, or 1 mg/l of TDZ) and Actinidia Endosperm Medium (AEM; containing 2 mg/l of 2,4-D and 5 mg/l of kinetin) were used to study the organogenic responses of the calli. On AEM, the source of explant did not significantly affect the rate of callus induction for any of the tested cultivars; no organogenic events were observed. In contrast, on CIM both the source of explants and the cultivar origin caused significant differences in callus formation and subsequent organogenic events. Histological and ultrastructural analyses revealed the adventitious nature of shoot bud formation on these media. The most efficient elongation of shoot buds was achieved after transferring organogenic calli with adventitious shoot buds to a medium supplemented with zeatin or meta-topolin. Robust root induction with minimal basal callus formation occurred on the medium with indole-3-acetic acid. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the nuclear DNA content in the leaves of some regenerants was approximately 50 % higher (4.5 pg/2C) than that in leaves from the tetraploid seedlings (3.1 pg/2C),which confirmed that those regenerants originated from the endosperm. The regeneration of such hexaploid plants was more efficient when endosperm from fresh seeds served as an explant; therefore, fresh rather than dry seeds are recommended for endosperm-derived plant production. The hexaploid plants of A. arguta can serve as an important source of breeding material.

scholarly journals Efficient Plant Regeneration from Cotyledon and Midrib Derived Callus in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)

1970 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rahman ◽  
M Asaduzzaman ◽  
N Nahar ◽  
MA Bari
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Somatic Embryo ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Ms Medium

Somatic embryos were obtained from cotyledon and midrib explants of Solanum melongena L., cultivar Loda. For callus induction, medium was supplemented with different concentrations of auxin singly or in combination with BAP. The best callusing 83-85% was obtained from both of the explants cultured on MS medium containing 2.0 mgl-1NAA + 0.05 mgl-1BAP. Somatic embryogenesis and shoot regeneration was achieved after transferring the calli to MS medium supplemented with BAP, GA3, NAA and Zeatin. Cotyledon derived calli showed better performance (87%) for regeneration than that of midrib (82%) when sub cultured on MS medium having 2.0 mgl-1 Zeatin + 1.0 mgl-1 BAP. For root induction, MS + 3.0 mgl-1 IBA was proved to be better treatment for average number (14-15) and mean length (12 cm) of roots than those of other treatments. Key words: Eggplant; cotyledon; midrib; callus induction; somatic embryo J. bio-sci. 14: 1-9, 2006

scholarly journals Plant Regeneration from Protocorm-derived Callus of Five Paphiopedilum Hybrids

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1101D-1101
Author(s):  
Michael Compton
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Regeneration Medium ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Callus Induction Medium

Callus was induced from protocorms of five Paphiopedilum hybrids (Paph. 03-1, Paph. 03-4, Paph. 03-5, Paph. 03-6, and Paph. 03-7) on callus induction medium [MS inorganics (412.5 mg NH4NO3 instead of 1650 mg and 475 mg KNO3 instead of 1900 mg) and vitamins plus (per liter) 0.1 g myo-inositol, 30 g sucrose, and 2.5 g Gelrite; pH 5.5] containing various concentrations and combinations of thidiazuron (TDZ; 4.5 and 45 μm) and 2,4-D (4.5 and 45 μm). Callus formation was greatest for protocorms of Paph. 03-1, Paph. 03-4, Paph. 03-6, and Paph. 03-7. Among the most competent hybrids, callus formation was greatest among protocorms induced in medium containing 4.5 μm 2,4-D and 4.5 to 45 μm TDZ. Induced calli were transferred to 100 × 15 mm petri dishes containing 25 mL of PLB and plant regeneration medium (similar to callus induction medium) containing various concentrations of either benzyladenine (BA; 0.5, 5, or 10 μm), TDZ (0.25, 2.5, or 5 μm) or no growth regulator (control). PLB and plant formation was greatest on medium containing BA.

scholarly journals Optimization of Protocols for In Vitro Regeneration of Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakra Jamil ◽  
Rahil Shahzad ◽  
Ghulam Mohyuddin Talha ◽  
Ghazala Sakhawat ◽  
Sajid-ur-Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Rooting Media ◽  
Embryogenic Callus Formation

Sugarcane contributes 60–70% of annual sugar production in the world. Somaclonal variation has potential to enhance genetic variation present within a species. Present study was done to optimize an in vitro propagation protocol for sugarcane. The experiments included four varieties, 9 callus induction media, 27 regeneration media, and 9 root induction media under two-factor factorial CRD. Data were recorded on callus induction, embryogenic callus formation, shoot elongation (cm), root induction, and plant regeneration. Statistically significant differences existed between genotypes and treatments for callus induction (%), embryogenic callus formation (%), shoot elongation (cm), root induction, and plant regeneration (%). All parameters showed dependency on genotypes, culture media, and their interaction. Highest callus induction (95%) embryogenic callus formation (95%) was observed in callus induction media 5. Highest plantlet regeneration (98.9%) capacity was observed in regeneration media 11 whereas maximum shoot elongation (12.13 cm) and root induction (8.32) were observed in rooting media 4. G1 showed best response for all traits and vice versa for G4. Hence it was concluded that G1, callus induction media 5, regeneration media 11, and rooting media 4 are the best conditions for in vitro propagation of sugarcane.

scholarly journals Establishment of a Rapid and Efficient Micropropagation System for Succulent Plant Haworthia turgida Haw.

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 1278-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boling Liu ◽  
Hongzhou Fang ◽  
Chaorong Meng ◽  
Ming Chen ◽  
Qingdong Chai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Callus Induction ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Adventitious Shoot ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Succulent Plant

In the present study, the effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on callus regeneration, adventitious shoot differentiation, and root formation of Haworthia turgida Haw. was investigated. The greatest callus induction percentage (95.6%) was achieved with leaf explants inoculated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 1.0 mg·L−1 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.1 mg·L−1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and this callus induction medium supplemented with 2.5 mg·L−1 thidiazuron (TDZ) was optimal for callus proliferation. The maximum number of shoots (25.7) was obtained when the callus was cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg·L−1 BA and 0.2 mg·L−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The highest number of roots per shoot (6.2) and highest rooting frequency (82.0%) were obtained when adventitious shoots were inoculated on MS medium with 0.05 mg·L−1 NAA. Regenerated plantlets were transferred to a mixture of vermiculite and soil and acclimated in a greenhouse. The survival rate of the transplanted plantlets was about 91.6%. The rate of ex vitro rooting was 83.3%, indicating that this technique is effective for root induction in H. turgida. This study has established a rapid and efficient micropropagation system that can be beneficial for commercial cultivation and germplasm conservation of H. turgida.

Flow cytometric analysis of nuclear DNA content in Musa

1999 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
pp. 1344-1350 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Lysák ◽  
M. Dolez˘elová ◽  
J. P. Horry ◽  
R. Swennen ◽  
J. Dolez˘el
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Flow Cytometric

scholarly journals Haploid plantlet regeneration through anther culture in oilseed Brassica species

1970 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Alam ◽  
MA Haque ◽  
MR Hossain ◽  
SC Sarker ◽  
R Afroz
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Plantlet Regeneration ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Half Strength

Anther of five varieties of Brassica species, namely BARI Shariaha-7, Tori-7, Agrani, Daulat and Safal were cultured in vitro to observe their regeneration potentiality. Different concentrations and combinations of growth regulators were supplemented in MS medium. The range of callus induction was 12.50-87.50 %. Maximum callus induction (75.00%) was observed on MS +4 mg/L 2, 4-D + 1.0 mg/L BAP. Among the genotypes, BARI Sharisha-7 showed the highest percentage of callus induction (60.42%). Among the treatments, highest percentage of shoot regeneration (75.00%) was observed on MS + 4 mg/L BAP + 1.0 mg/L NAA. BARI Sharisha-7 also showed the highest rate of plant regeneration (66.67%). Root induction was highest (75%) on half strength MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L IBA and 0.5 mg/L NAA. The plantlets with sufficient roots thus obtained were transferred successfully to plastic pots and subsequently to the field. BARI Sharisha-7 and Tori-7 survived easily in the pots as well as in the field but Safal was very poor in survivability both in the pots and in the field. Key Words: Brassica; haploid; anther culture; in vitro regeneration.DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i4.5844Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(4) : 693-703, December 2009 

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