scholarly journals Building a Cancer Coalition: A co-design framework for evaluating regionalism in the South Pacific

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia Hyatt ◽  
Belinda Chan ◽  
Rob Moodie ◽  
Megan Varlow ◽  
Chris Bates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Caledonia ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Health System Strengthening ◽  
Theory Of Change ◽  
The South ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
Cancer Coalition ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Alliance Building

Abstract Background Cancer is a significant problem for the South Pacific region due to a range of complex and unique health challenges caused by shared social, environmental and economic factors. Currently gaps in diagnosis, treatment and palliative care are significant, and while governmental commitment is strong, economic constrains limit health system strengthening. Collaboration, alliances and partnerships in cancer control have been successful in resource constrained settings. A regional approach has therefore been recommended as an effective solution to addressing many of the challenges for cancer control in the South Pacific. However, comprehensive and appropriate information detailing how to effectively scope and establish a multi-national or regional coalition is scarce. This study therefore aimed to 1) create a Coalition Development Framework, and 2) use the Framework to co-design a South Pacific Cancer Control Coalition through consultation with key cancer control stakeholders working within Fiji, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Samoa and Tonga. Results Analysis of the consultations with key cancer control stakeholders identified overwhelming appetite and support for a South Pacific Cancer Control Coalition. This paper details the following six coalition development outputs: coalition design and purpose, strategic imperatives, structure, South Pacific foundations, barriers and facilitators to coalition establishment and ongoing operations, priorities for action. Concurrent evaluation of the Coalition Development Framework using theory of change revealed the framework to be an effective mechanism to drive engagement, discovery, unification and action in alliance-building. Conclusions A regional Coalition to drive cancer control in the South Pacific has significant support among key Pacific stakeholders. Likewise, design and scope of the Coalition has been synthesised and mapped to guide feasible and appropriate establishment. Importantly our results also describe the effective implementation of a Coalition Development Framework in an applied setting, to guide future use. If momentum is continued, and a regional South Pacific Coalition established, the benefits in reducing the burden of cancer within the region will be substantial.

scholarly journals Genetic structure of the Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros) population and the incidence of its biocontrol agent (Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus) in the South Pacific Islands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayvan Etebari ◽  
James Hereward ◽  
Apenisa Sailo ◽  
Emeline M Ahoafi ◽  
Robert Tautua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Mitochondrial Lineage ◽  
The South ◽  
Oryctes Rhinoceros ◽  
Rhinoceros Beetle ◽  
The Pacific

Incursions of the Coconut rhinoceros beetle (CRB), Oryctes rhinoceros, have been detected in several countries of the south-west Pacific in recent years, resulting in an expansion of the pest's geographic range. It has been suggested that this resurgence is related to an O. rhinoceros mitochondrial lineage (previously referred to as the CRB-G biotype) that is reported to show reduced susceptibility to the well-established classical biocontrol agent, Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (OrNV). We investigated O. rhinoceros population genetics and the OrNV status of adult specimens collected in the Philippines and seven different South Pacific island countries (Fiji, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea (PNG), Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, and Vanuatu). Based on the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in the mitochondrial Cytochrome C Oxidase subunit I (CoxI) gene, we found three major mitochondrial lineages (CRB-G, a PNG lineage (CRB-PNG) and the South Pacific lineage (CRB-S)) across the region. Haplotype diversity varied considerably between and within countries. The O. rhinoceros population in most countries was monotypic and all individuals tested belonged to a single mitochondrial lineage (Fiji, CRB-S; Tonga, CRB-S; Vanuatu, CRB-PNG; PNG (Kimbe), CRB-PNG; New Caledonia CRB-G; Philippines, CRB-G). However, in Samoa we detected CRB-S and CRB-PNG and in Solomon Islands we detected all three haplotype groups. Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS) methods were used to genotype 10,000 snps from 230 insects across the Pacific and showed genetic differentiation in the O. rhinoceros nuclear genome among different geographical populations. The GBS data also provided evidence for gene flow and admixture between different haplotypes in Solomon Islands. Therefore, contrary to earlier reports, CRB-G is not solely responsible for damage to the coconut palms reported since the pest was first recorded in Solomon Islands in 2015. We also PCR-screened a fragment of OrNV from 260 insects and detected an extremely high prevalence of viral infection in all three haplotypes in the region. We conclude that the haplotype groups CRB-G, CRB-S, and PNG, do not represent biotypes, subspecies, or cryptic species, but simply represent different invasions of O. rhinoceros across the Pacific. This has important implications for management, especially biological control, of Coconut rhinoceros beetle in the region.

New Caledonia: Orphan of the South Pacific

1940 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
New Caledonia ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
The South

scholarly journals Amborella trichopoda

2011 ◽  
pp. 143-154
Author(s):  
Bernadette Grosse-Veldmann ◽  
Nadja Korotkova ◽  
Bernhard Reinken ◽  
Wolfram Lobin ◽  
Wilhelm Barthlott
Keyword(s):  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Pacific Island ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
The South ◽  
South Pacific Island ◽  
The World ◽  
The University

Amborella trichopoda Baill., the most ancestral angiosperm, has been successfully cultivated in the Botanic Gardens of the University of Bonn in Germany (BG Bonn) for more than a decade. The distribution of this plant – limited to the South Pacific island of New Caledonia – and its cultivation has so far only been achieved in a few botanic gardens. This paper provides details about the cultivation and propagation of Amborella, and information on its cultivation in botanic gardens around the world. The authors propose that the collections of this plant in botanic gardens could be used to establish ex situ conservation collections.

South Pacific Commission

1959 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-350 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Advisory Committee ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
The South ◽  
Rhinoceros Beetle ◽  
Major Threat

The eighteenth session of the South Pacific Commission was held at Commission headquarters in Noumea, New Caledonia, from September 26 to October 12, 1958. At the session the Commission placed emphasis on the need for an all-out campaign against the rhinoceros beetle, which had become a major threat to the economy of the South Pacific. The Commission decided that a meeting of its rhinoceros beetle advisory committee of leading Pacific entomologists would be held in Suva from February 16 to 20, 1959, to review results of present campaigns against the beetle, and to plan further action. The Commission also made a further grant of £3,000 for 1959 to assist the investigation being carried out on its behalf by the Institute of Scientific Research in Madagascar.

Recent Trends in Pacific Island Development

1990 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-3
Author(s):  
Michael Howard
Keyword(s):  
New Caledonia ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Military Coup ◽  
Pacific Island ◽  
The South ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Substantial Change ◽  
Considerable Strain

For the island nations of the South Pacific, the past few years has been a turbulent period in which existing political and economic structures have come under considerable strain and in some instances undergone substantial change. Nowhere has this been more dramatically seen than in the case of Fiji, where the incumbent government of seventeen years was defeated at the polls in April 1987 and the new government was overthrown by a military coup, the region's first, a month later. The French colony of New Caledonia, too, has witnessed considerable turmoil in recent years as the independence struggle of the indigenous Kanaks has led to sometimes violent confrontations. Elsewhere in the South Pacific violence has been less in evidence, but the pressure for change has been widespread.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Dengue Type 2 Outbreak in Pacific Islands Countries and Territories, 2017–2020

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1081
Author(s):  
Catherine Inizan ◽  
Olivia O’Connor ◽  
George Worwor ◽  
Talica Cabemaiwai ◽  
Jean-Claude Grignon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islands ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
The South ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Diffusion Pattern

Dengue virus (DENV) serotype-2 was detected in the South Pacific region in 2014 for the first time in 15 years. In 2016–2020, DENV-2 re-emerged in French Polynesia, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, and New Caledonia, co-circulating with and later replacing DENV-1. In this context, epidemiological and molecular evolution data are paramount to decipher the diffusion route of this DENV-2 in the South Pacific region. In the current work, the E gene from 23 DENV-2 serum samples collected in Vanuatu, Fiji, Wallis and Futuna, and New Caledonia was sequenced. Both maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses were performed. While all DENV-2 strains sequenced belong to the Cosmopolitan genotype, phylogenetic analysis suggests at least three different DENV-2 introductions in the South Pacific between 2017 and 2020. Strains retrieved in these Pacific Islands Countries and Territories (PICTs) in 2017–2020 are phylogenetically related, with strong phylogenetic links between strains retrieved from French PICTs. These phylogenetic data substantiate epidemiological data of the DENV-2 diffusion pattern between these countries.

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